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The Role of Ambivalent Sexism and Some Demographic Variables in Perpetuating HonorBased Inequalities
No full textThis study investigates the role of ambivalent sexism and demographic variables in shaping attitudes towards honor among participants in Turkey, a country where honor cultures persist. Understanding the factors that influence favorable attitudes towards honor is crucial for addressing this issue. The findings reveal significant gender differences, with men exhibiting more favorable attitudes towards honor than women. Male participants also displayed higher levels of hostile and benevolent sexism, suggesting that they contribute to the perpetuation of sexism. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated that both hostile and benevolent sexism were associated with favorable attitudes towards honor in both genders. Hostile sexism played a significant role in predicting attitudes towards honor in both men and women, while benevolent sexism was significant only for men. Other demographic variables also played a significant role. Higher education levels, particularly for participants and their mothers, were associated with more negative attitudes towards honor. The income of female participants was negatively correlated with favorable attitudes towards honor. Moreover, religiosity and right-wing political orientation were associated with more positive attitudes towards honor. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the complex dynamics of attitudes towards honor in Turkey. It highlights the need for education and the promotion of gender equality, especially among women. Additionally, religious teachings, political orientation, and socioeconomic factors should be considered when addressing and preventing honor-based violence. Further research is needed to explore these factors in greater depth
Prof. Dr. Gökhan HOTAMIŞLIGİL: Nobel’e Doğru Yürüyüşüne Tanık Olduğum Bir Bilim Adamı
No full textProf. Dr. Gökhan HOTAMIŞLIGİL, obezite, diyabet, karaciğer yağlanması ve kalp-damar hastalıkları gibi halk sağlığı için sorun oluşturan ve sık görülen kronik metabolik hastalıkların temel mekanizmalarını aydınlatmaya yönelik bilimsel buluşlara imza atmış bir bilim adamıdır. Onun alanında çalışmayan ama gerçekleştirdiği buluşlarla Nobel Ödülüne yürüyüşüne şahit olan bir öğretim üyesiyim. Onu ilk kez tanıdığım 1987 yılından itibaren kesişen yollarımızın bir özetiyle, taşıdığı bir bilim adamında olması gereken özelliklerini, benim gözümden bu yazıda okuyacaksınız.Prof. Dr. Gökhan HOTAMIŞLIGİL made important scientific discoveries on elucidating the basic mechanisms of common chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. I am a faculty member who does not work in his field, but witnessed his pace to the Nobel Prize with the discoveries he made since 1987,when I first met him. Also the characteristics that I believe he possesses that a scientist should have, are given from my perspective
The Black Sea Power Struggle: Geopolitical Tensions in the 21st Century
No full textThe Black Sea, historically a crossroads of empires and modern nations, has become a critical focal point in 21st-century geopolitics. This article examines its multifaceted importance, from strategic maritime linkages and energy reserves to its evolving role as a theater for great power competition. By analyzing the interests and actions of key players such as Russia, Türkiye, and NATO, we highlight the region’s dual significance as both a hub of cooperation and a potential flashpoint for conflict. Drawing on historical context, current geopolitical developments, and strategic analyses, the article underscores the Black Sea’s broader implications for global peace, trade, and stability in an era of renewed global power dynamics.Connections: The Quarterly Journal, Vol. 22, 2023, is supported by the United States government
Mechanical Comparison of Standard Interlocking, Clawed, and Expandable Wedge Locked Nail Fixations: an Experimental and Numerical Study
No full textIntroduction: Intramedullary nailing has been used as a standard in the treatment of the long bone frac-tures with its clinical and mechanical advantages. However, using distal locking screws has been asso-ciated with longer operative times, higher radiation exposure rates, and complications like breakages of distal screw or nail at the screw hole level. Therefore, attempts to eliminate distal locking screws has been always present for intramedullary nail fixation. With a similar purpose, the present study has been carried out to compare mechanical behaviors of intramedullary nail fixations with different distal locking elements.Materials and Methods: In this study, mechanical behaviors of standard interlocking and clawed nail fixa-tions were compared experimentally in the first part. Six fourth generation Sawbones femurs, which have a simulated subtrochanteric fracture, were divided equally and were fixed with standard interlocking and clawed nails. During axial compression tests, experimental strain measurements were taken from all fix-ations. After validation of numerical models with using experimental strains and stiffnesses, mechanical behaviors of standard interlocking, clawed, and wedge locked nail fixations were compared numerically under axial compression loads. In numerical comparison, the stress-strain distributions were evaluated.Results: Experimental results showed that although that there was no significant difference in stiffnesses, standard nail fixation bore two times higher loads than clawed nail fixations. Under loading, decrease in the distance between fracture surfaces was approximately seven times higher in the clawed nail fixa-tion when compared to standard nail fixations. Numerical results showed that wedge locked nail fixation provided equivalent mechanical behavior to standard interlocking nail.Discussion: In experiments of clawed nail fixation, the high decrease in the distance between fracture surfaces was evidence of the slippage of nail in the medullary canal. For a safe fixation, claws should be deployed when they are completely in contact with the cortical bone, they should be stuck into the bone in a fair amount, and the deployment in the distal third of the femur should be avoided. According to ex-perimentally validated numerical analyses, wedge locked nail fixation may be an alternative for standard interlocking nail fixation if experimental studies support the present results.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.TOBB University of Economics and Technology (Ankara, TURKEY) [DAF 2021/002]The authors would like to acknowledge TOBB University of Economics and Technology (Ankara, TURKEY) that provided a Research Fund (DAF 2021/002) for the composite bone model and to acknowledge KTO Karatay University that provided the equipment for the experimental strain measurements. The authors also would like to acknowledge Dunitech Orthopaedics (Ankara, TURKEY) for donating all implants and to acknowledge H?K Engineering (Konya, TURKEY) for donating all straingauges
Measurement of the Cross-Sections of the Electroweak and Total Production of a Zγ Pair in Association With Two Jets in Pp Collisions at S=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textThis Letter presents the measurement of the fiducial and differential cross-sections of the electroweak production of a Zγ pair in association with two jets. The analysis uses 140 fb−1 of LHC proton–proton collision data taken at s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector during the years 2015–2018. Events with a Z boson candidate decaying into either an e+e− or μ+μ− pair, a photon and two jets are selected. The electroweak component is extracted by requiring a large dijet invariant mass and by using the information about the centrality of the system and is measured with an observed and expected significance well above five standard deviations. The fiducial pp→Zγjj cross-section for the electroweak production is measured to be 3.6 ± 0.5 fb. The total fiducial cross-section that also includes contributions where the jets arise from strong interactions is measured to be 16.8−1.8+2.0 fb. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions. Differential cross-sections are also measured using the same events and are compared with parton-shower Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement is observed between data and predictions. © 2023 The Author(s)IN2P3-CNRS; CC-IN2P3; 2014-2021; SCI/013; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Alabama Space Grant Consortium, ASGC; Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL; CRC Health Group, CRC: 21/SCI/017; Canarie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; CERN; Compute Canada; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council, ERC; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; Australian Research Council, ARC; National Stroke Foundation, NSF; Neurosurgical Research Foundation, NRF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Minerva Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Generalitat de Catalunya; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Horizon 2020; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Royal Society of South Australia, RSSA; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRF
Breast Cancer Classification Using a Novel Hybrid Feature Selection Approach
No full textMany women around the world die due to breast cancer. If breast cancer is treated in the early phase, mortality rates may significantly be reduced. Quite a number of approaches have been proposed to help in the early detection of breast cancer. A novel hybrid feature selection model is suggested in this study. This novel hybrid model aims to build an efficient feature selection method and successfully classify breast lesions. A combination of relief and binary Harris hawk optimization (BHHO) hybrid model is used for feature selection. Then, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR) and naive Bayes (NB) methods are preferred for the classification task. The suggested hybrid model is tested by three different breast cancer datasets which are Wisconsin diagand mammographic breast cancer dataset (MBCD). According to the experimental results, the relief and BHHO hybrid model improves the performance of all classification algorithms in all three datasets. For WDBC, relief-BHO-SVM model shows the highest classification rates with an of accuracy of 98.77%, precision of 97.17%, recall of 99.52%, F1-score of 98.33%, specificity of 99.72% and balanced accuracy of 99.62%. For WBCD, relief-BHO-SVM model achieves of accuracy of 99.28%, precision of 98.76%, recall of 99.17%, F1-score of 98.96%, specificity of 99.56% and balanced accuracy of 99.36%. Relief-BHO-SVM model performs the best with an accuracy of 97.44%, precision of 97.41%, recall of 98.26%, F1-score of 97.84%, specificity of 97.47% and balanced accuracy of 97.86% for MBCD. Furthermore, the relief-BHO-SVM model has achieved better results than other known approaches. Compared with recent studies on breast cancer classification, the suggested hybrid method has achieved quite good results
Influence of Clusterin Genetic Variants on Iop Elevation in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma in Turkish Population
No full textPurpose: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is distinguished by the deposition of fibrillary material within the aqueous humor and, in most cases, causes pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG). The pathophysiologies of PEX and PEG are not completely explained. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3ʹ untranslated region or introns of the clusterin gene (CLU) and the susceptibility to developing PEG or PEX. Methods: Two hundred and forty patients with PEX, 239 patients with PEG, and 240 control subjects were included. Genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR (rs2279590 C/T and rs1532278 C/T) or PCR followed by restriction endonuclease digestion (rs11136000 C/T and rs3087554 T/C). Results: The minor alleles or genotypes of CLU SNPs were not significantly associated with PEX or PEG. IOP values of patients with PEX carrying the homozygote polymorphic TT genotype were significantly elevated compared with PEX cases with the CT or CC genotypes for rs2279590, rs11136000 and rs1532278 (P =.009, P =.007, P =.010, respectively). Conclusion: We present the first evidence that three SNPs in CLU gene (rs2279590, rs11136000 and rs1532278) might induce a rise in IOP in patients with PEX, conferring susceptibility to develop PEG. © 2023, The Author(s).This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK, 115S360).Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK: 115S36
Cities, Forced Migration, and Multi-Level Governance: Assessing Berlin's Policy Towards Unaccompanied Minors
No full textThis thesis aims to investigate the relationship between cities and forced migration and explores the increasing role of cities in the Multi-Level Governance of migration. It focuses on the intersection of the local turn in migration and vulnerable refugee groups, mainly unaccompanied minors. Focusing on Berlin through process tracing and single case method, the thesis assesses Berlin's policy toward the unaccompanied minors on the Greek islands in a time frame of the European Refugee Crisis in 2015 until March 2022. It discusses the multilevel nature of local policymaking in migration and its multifaceted drivers as it demonstrates Berlin's interaction with actors at the vertical and horizontal levels and the defining (institutional and structural) and transformative (local discourses and actors) drivers that feature in Berlin's migration policymaking. While this study proves that there is a local turn in migration and cities are no longer solely responsible for the implementation of policies, since they formulate them, particularly for unaccompanied minors, it also reveals that cities are still constrained by the institutional factors that shape their capabilities and limitations against national and supranational actors.Bu tez, kentler ve zorunlu göç arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamakta ve göçün çok düzeyli yönetişiminde kentlerin artan rolünü incelemektedir. Göçte yerele dönüş ile başta refakatsiz çocuklar olmak üzere hassas mülteci gruplarının kesişimine odaklanmaktadır. Süreç izleme ve tek vaka yöntemi ile Berlin'e odaklanan tez, 2015 Avrupa Mülteci Krizi'nden Mart 2022'ye kadar olan zaman diliminde Berlin'in Yunan adalarındaki refakatsiz çocuklara yönelik politikasını değerlendirmektedir. Berlin'in dikey ve yatay düzeydeki aktörlerle etkileşimini ve Berlin'in göç politikası yapımında öne çıkan belirleyici (kurumsal ve yapısal) ve dönüştürücü (yerel söylemler ve aktörler) itici güçleri ortaya koyarken, göç alanında yerel politika yapımının çok düzeyli doğasını ve çok yönlü itici güçlerini tartışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, göçte yerele bir dönüş olduğunu ve kentlerin artık sadece politikaların uygulanmasından sorumlu olmadığını, özellikle refakatsiz çocuklar için politikaları kendilerinin formüle ettiğini kanıtlarken, kentlerin ulusal ve uluslarüstü aktörlere karşı kapasitelerini ve sınırlılıklarını şekillendiren kurumsal faktörler tarafından kısıtlanmaya devam ettiğini de ortaya koymaktadır