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One-Year Follow-Up Results of Transperineal Biopsy for Patients Undergoing Irreversible Electroporation Treatment in Localized Prostate Cancer
No full textObjective: This article reports on the early results of a 1-year follow-up study investigating the efficacy of irreversible electroporation in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Methods: The study included 18 out of 40 patients diagnosed with low-and intermedi-ate-risk prostate cancer who underwent irreversible electroporation. Treatment results were evaluated through confirmation biopsies, comparing prostate-specific antigen levels, international prostate symptom scoring, and international index of erectile dysfunction scores before irreversible electroporation and at the 12-month mark. Results: The mean age of the patients was 61.1 years (SD ±6.5). Out of the 18 patients, 16 were tumor free (88.8%), while 2 experienced recurrences, one within the treatment field and the other outside of it (P .001). Irreversible electroporation significantly reduced mean prostate-specific antigen levels (6.73 ng/mL vs. 2.05 ng/mL, P .001), indicating a 69.5% reduction within 12 months. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in mean international prostate symptom scores at the 12-month follow-up (10.05 vs. 7.52, P = .003). The mean international index of erectile dysfunction scores before treatment was 19.17 (SD ±5.85), and after irreversible electroporation, it was 18.67 (SD ±6.34), with no statistically significant change (P = .065). Conclusion: The short-term oncological results of irreversible electroporation treatment are promising, particularly for patients in the low-and intermediate-risk groups. Additionally, irreversible electroporation does not negatively impact the international index of erectile dysfunction; however, it may lead to a decrease in international prostate symptom scores. © Author(s)
Fikrî hak boyutuyla yapay zekâ
No full textGeleneksel bir tanimi bulunmamasina ragmen, yapay zekâ, genellikle insan zekâsiyla iliskilendirilen islevleri, sinirli insan müdahalesiyle ya da hiç insan müdahalesi olmadan gerçeklestirme yetenegi olarak tanimlanabilir. Hayatimizin hemen her alaninda karsimiza çikan yapay zekâ gittikçe gelismekte ve gerek toplumsal gerek ekonomik alanda önemi her geçen gün artarak önemli tartismalari gündeme getirmektedir. Hukukun pek çok dalinda da bu gelismelere bagli olarak yeni düzenlemeler yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Ilgili alanlardan biri de fikir ve sanat eserleri hukuku olarak karsimiza çikmaktadir. Yapay zekânin geliserek yaraticilik alanina giren ürünler üretmesi bir yandan fikir ve sanat eserleri hukukunun insan merkezli tutumunun yeniden sorgulanmasina neden olmakta bir yandan da söz konusu ürünlerin üretilmesinde çok sayida eser niteliginde verinin kullanilmasi, yapay zekânin gelisimine bagli menfaatler ile eser sahiplerinin fikrî hakka dayali menfaatlerini karsi karsiya getirmektedir. Bu tezde temel olarak yapay zekâ, insanlar tarafindan üretildiginde eser olarak kabul edilebilecek ürünler ürettiginde, bu ürünlerin fikrî hak ile korunmasi gerekip gerekmedigi ve söz konusu ürünlerin meydana getirilmesi için kullanilan eser niteligindeki verilerin eser sahiplerinin fikrî haklarini ihlal edip etmedigi sorunlari ele alinmaktadir. Ayrica, bu sorunlara iliskin olasi çözüm önerileri tartisilmaktadir. Baska bir deyisle bu tezde yapay zekâ girdi ve çiktilari fikrî hak korumasi temelinde ele alinmaktadir. Birçok ülkede tezde ele alinan sorunlari tartismak, çözüm önerilerinde bulunmak, bu konularda bilgi ve görüs alisverisinde bulunmak amaciyla istisare toplantilari gerçeklestirilmis, çesitli yasal girisimler baslatilmistir. Yine söz konusu sorunlar, ögretide derin tartismalari beraberinde getirmis ve uyusmazliklar mahkemeler nezdinde incelenmeye baslanmistir. Türk hukukunda ise mevcut düzenlemeler kapsaminda isaret edilen sorulara cevap verme konusunda tereddüt yasanmakta ve bu tereddütleri gidermek adina henüz bir mevzuat çalismasi da yürütülmemektedir. Konuya iliskin ögretide yer alan çalismalar da diger ülkelere kiyasla az sayida olup ileri sürülen görüsler ise birbirinden farklilasmaktadir. Bu çalismada, karsilastirmali hukukta yapilan yasa degisikliklerinden ve ögretide yer alan görüslerden de yararlanilarak bunlarin fikrî mülkiyet hukukunun amaç ve ilkelerine ve Türk Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Hukukuna uyumlulugunun ele alinmasi hedeflenmektedir. Ardindan olasi yasa degisikliklerine iliskin çesitli önerilerde bulunulmasi amaçlanmaktadir. Belirtilen çerçevede, söz konusu tez ile Türk Hukukundaki önemli bir eksikligin giderilmesine katkida bulunulmasi hedeflenmektedir.Although there is no traditional definition, artificial intelligence can be defined as the ability to execute functions often associated with human intelligence, with limited or no human intervention. Artificial intelligence, which we encounter in almost every area of our lives, has been developing gradually. The importance of artificial intelligence in both social and economic fields has been increasing daily, bringing critical discussions to the agenda. As such, it is necessary to make new regulations in many branches of law depending on these developments. One of the related fields is the intellectual property law. The fact that artificial intelligence develops and produces products that fall into the field of creativity, on the one hand, causes the human-centred attitude of the law of intellectual and artistic works to be requestioned. On the other hand, using a large number of data in the form of works in the production of the products in question brings the interest of the development of artificial intelligence against the interests of the owners of the work based on intellectual rights. In this thesis, it is mainly discussed whether the creation of products that can be considered as works when produced by artificial intelligence requires intellectual property protection and whether the data in the nature of the works used to create these products violate the intellectual rights of the authors in question, together with the proposed solutions. In other words, in this thesis, the inputs and outputs of artificial intelligence are discussed based on intellectual property protection. In many countries, consultation meetings have been held, and various legal initiatives have been initiated to discuss the problems that will form the subject of the thesis, propose solutions, and exchange information and views on these issues. Likewise, the problems have brought about deep discussions in the doctrine, and the disputes have started to be examined before the courts. In Turkish law, on the other hand, existing regulations have uncertainties in answering these questions, and no legislative work has yet been carried out to eliminate these uncertainties. There have also been very few research in teaching on the subject, and the opinions put forward differ from each other. This thesis seeks to use the legal amendments made in comparative law and the views in the doctrine, discuss their compatibility with the purposes and principles of intellectual property law and Turkish Copyright Law, and make suggestions about possible legislative changes. Within this framework, this thesis aims to contribute to eliminating an essential deficiency in Turkish Law with this thesis. Key Words: Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Work and Author, Artificial Intelligence Inputs and Outputs, Text and Data Mining
System Justification Theory and the role of personal relevance and controllability
No full text[No Abstract Available
Mekanik Sistemlerin Güvenilirlik Tahmini için Yeni Bir Güvenilirlik Ekstrapolasyon Yöntemi Gelistirilmesi
No full textAsymptotic sampling (AS) is an efficient simulation-based technique for estimating the small failure probabilities of structures. AS utilizes the asymptotic behavior of the reliability index with respect to the standard deviations of random variables. In this method, the standard deviations of random variables are progressively inflated using a scale parameter to obtain a set of scaled reliability indices. The collection of the standard deviation scale parameters and corresponding scaled reliability indices are called support points. Then, least squares regression is performed using these support points to establish a relationship between the scale parameter and scaled reliability indices. Finally, extrapolation is performed to estimate the actual reliability index. The accuracy and performance of the AS method are affected by various factors including the sampling method used, the values of the scale parameters, the number of support points, and the formulation of extrapolation models. One of the purpose of this study is to make a critical evaluation of the performance of the asymptotic sampling method for highly safe structures, and to provide some guidelines to improve the performance of the AS method. It is found that generating the random variables by Sobol sequences and using the 6-model mean extrapolation formulation give slightly more accurate results rather than Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and 10-model mean extrapolation formulation. Besides, the optimum initial scale parameter is approximately around 0.4, and the optimum number of support points is typically 4 for all problems. As the reliability level increases, the optimum initial scale parameter value decreases, and the optimum number of support points increases. Another factor affecting the performance of the method is the regression type. In the previous studies, the relationship between reliability indices and support points has been established using nonlinear regression. In this study, we explored the use of more advanced machine learning (e.g., Gaussian process, support vector regression) and surrogate modeling (e.g., Kriging) techniques, and compared the accuracies of these techniques to that of the nonlinear regression on various example problems. It is found that using nonlinear regression yields more accurate results than machine learning and surrogate modeling techniques evaluated within the scope of this study. Various extrapolation models have been used in AS to improve accuracy. Moreover, a mean extrapolation formulation using the average value of different extrapolation models was proposed to further improve its accuracy. Although the mean extrapolation formulation protects against using the wrong extrapolation model, it did not guarantee a reliability estimation better than that of the best available extrapolation model. In this study, we propose a weighted average AS formulation in which the weight factors are optimized to minimize the variance of the reliability index estimation through the bootstrapping method. In the weight factor determination, both convex and affine formulations are considered and the results are compared. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using various example problems. It is found that the proposed weighted average formulation has higher accuracy than the mean extrapolation formulation. For weight factor optimization, the affine formulation yields more accurate results than the convex formulation in most cases.Asimtotik örnekleme (ing. asymptotic simulation, AS), yüksek güvenilirlikli yapıların küçük hasar olasılıklarını tahmin etmek için kullanılan simülasyon tabanlı verimli bir tekniktir. AS rassal değişkenlerin standart sapmalarına göre güvenilirlik indislerinin asimtotik davranışını kullanır. Bu yöntemde, rassal değişkenlerin standart sapmaları, bir dizi ölçeklendirilmiş güvenilirlik indisi elde etmek için bir ölçek parametresi kullanılarak kademeli olarak artırılır. Standart sapma ölçek parametreleri ve bunlara karşılık gelen ölçeklendirilmiş güvenilirlik indislerine destek noktaları denir. Daha sonra bu destek noktaları kullanılarak, ölçek parametresi ile ölçeklendirilmiş güvenilirlik indisleri arasında bir ilişki kurmak için regresyon gerçekleştirilir. Son olarak, oluşturulan regresyon modeli kullanılarak gerçek güvenilirlik indisini tahmin etmek için ekstrapolasyon yapılır. AS yönteminin doğruluğu ve performansı; kullanılan örnekleme yöntemi, ölçek parametrelerinin değerleri, destek noktalarının sayısı ve ekstrapolasyon modellerinin formülasyonu gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amaçlarından biri, yüksek güvenilirlikli sistemler için AS yönteminin performansının kritik bir değerlendirmesini yapmak ve AS yönteminin performansını iyileştirmek için bazı öneriler sunmaktır. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak Sobol dizisi kullanımının Latin hiperküp örneklemesi (ing. Latin hypercube sampling) kullanımından daha etkin olduğu, başlangıç ölçek parametresinin en uygun değerinin 0,4 olduğu, 4 destek noktasının kullanılmasının doğruluk ve verimlilik açısından en iyi sonuçları verdiği ancak çok yüksek güvenilirlik değerleri için 5 destek noktası kullanılmasının daha uygun olduğu ve 6 modelli ortalama ekstrapolasyon formülünün 10 modelli ortalama ekstrapolasyon formülünden daha doğru sonuçlar verdiği bulunmuştur. Yöntemin performansını etkileyen diğer bir etken de regresyon türüdür. Önceki çalışmalarda, güvenilirlik indisleri ile destek noktaları arasındaki ilişki doğrusal olmayan regresyon kullanılarak kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada ise regresyon için, daha gelişmiş makine öğrenme (Gauss süreci, destek vektör regresyonu) ve vekil model (Kriging) tekniklerinin kullanımı araştırılmış ve bu tekniklerin doğrulukları farklı örnek problemler üzerinden doğrusal olmayan regresyon ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan regresyon tekniği ile yapılan ekstrapolasyonun Gauss süreci, destek vektör regresyonu ve Kriging vekil modelinden daha doğru sonuçlar verdiği bulunmuştur. AS yönteminin doğruluğunu arttırmak için literatürde farklı ekstrapolasyon modellerinin ortalama değerinin kullanıldığı bir ortalama ekstrapolasyon formülasyonu önerilmiştir. Bu formülasyon, yanlış ekstrapolasyon modelinin kullanılmasına karşı koruma sağlasa da, mevcut en iyi ekstrapolasyon modelinden daha iyi bir güvenilirlik tahminini garanti etmemektedir. Bu çalışmada ise, ağırlık faktörlerinin optimize edildiği bir ağırlıklı ortalama AS formülasyonu önerilmiştir. Ağırlık faktörleri optimizasyonunda bootstrap (yeniden örnekleme) yöntemiyle hesaplanan, güvenilirlik indisi tahmininin varyans değeri en aza indirilmiştir. Ağırlık faktörlerinin optimizasyonunda hem dışbükey (ing. convex) hem de afin (ing. affine) formülasyonlar kullanılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin performansı, farklı örnek problemler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Önerilen ağırlıklı ortalama formülasyonunun, ortalama ekstrapolasyon formülasyonundan daha yüksek doğruluğa sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ağırlık faktörlerinin optimizasyonu için, çoğu durumda afin formülasyonun dışbükey formülasyondan daha doğru sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür
Prevalence of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba Fragilis in Diarrheal Patients in Corum, Türkiye
No full textArticle; Early AccessTo investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis in diarrhea patients and healthy individuals in Corum, Türkiye, fecal samples from 92 diarrhea patients and 50 healthy individuals were collected and evaluated using direct microscopy and molecular methods to screen for bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. The prevalence of Blastocystis was 24.6% in total and more frequent in the healthy group (30.0%). The commonly detected STs (subtypes) were ST3 (40.0%) and ST2 (34.2%). The distribution of Blastocystis STs in the healthy and diarrheal groups did not show any difference in sex and age, but ST3 was detected more frequently in patients aged from 40 to 59 years (p 0.05). Alleles 4 (8/12) and 2 (4/12) were present in ST1; 9 (3/5) and 12 (2/5) in ST2; 34 (9/14), 36 (3/14), and 38 (2/14) in ST3; and only allele 42 (2/2) in ST4. D. fragilis was present in 8.4% of the population. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the healthy and diarrheic groups (12.0% and 6.5%, respectively), neither with respect to age nor sex. Co-infection was 58.3% and was more frequent in healthy individuals (33.3%) than in diarrhea patients (25.0%). Blastocystis ST3 was the most common subtype detected, with D. fragilis at 33.3%. Salmonella, Shigella, or helminth eggs were not observed in all groups, but Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium, Rotavirus, Adenovirus, and Clostridium difficile toxin were found only in diarrhea patients. These findings support the hypothesis that Blastocystis and D. fragilis may be part of the healthy human gut microbiome. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.We thank Hitit University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Grant No: TIP19001.16.005), Gazi University Scientific Research Unit (Grant No: 01/2017-15), and TOBB University of Economics and Technology for their financial support.TIP19001.16.005; Gazi Üniversitesi: 01/2017-1
Combination of Searches for Invisible Decays of the Higgs Boson Using 139 Fb-1 of Proton-Proton Collision Data at √s=13 Tev Collected With the Atlas Experiment
No full textMany extensions of the Standard Model predict the production of dark matter particles at the LHC. Sufficiently light dark matter particles may be produced in decays of the Higgs boson that would appear invisible to the detector. This Letter presents a statistical combination of searches for H ; RARR; invisible decays where multiple production modes of the Standard Model Higgs boson are considered. These searches are performed with the ATLAS detector using 139 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of ; RADIC;s = 13 TeV at the LHC. In combination with the results at ; RADIC;s = 7 TeV and 8 TeV, an upper limit on the H ; RARR; invisible branching ratio of 0.107 (0.077) at the 95% confidence level is observed (expected). These results are also interpreted in the context of models where the 125 GeV Higgs boson acts as a portal to dark matter, and limits are set on the scattering cross-section of weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons. ; COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/). Funded by SCOAP3.CERN; ANPCyT, Argentina; ARC, Australia; BMWFW; FWF, Austria; ANAS; CNPq; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; BMBF; MPG, Germany; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS; MICINN, Spain; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SNSF; MOST, Taiwan; DOE; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF; CANARIE; CRC, Canada [PRIMUS 21/SCI/017, UNCE SCI/013]; Czech Republic; ERC; ERDF; European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex; ANR, France; DFG; AvH Foundation, Germany - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF; NCN; La Caixa Banking Foundation; PROMETEO; Royal Society; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden); KIT/GridKA (Germany); INFN-CNAF (Italy); NL-T1 (Netherlands) , PIC (Spain); ASGC (Taiwan); BNL (USA)We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia;DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Can-tons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Tuerkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goeran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is ac-knowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada) , NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) , CC-IN2P3 (France) , KIT/GridKA (Germany) , INFN-CNAF (Italy) , NL-T1 (Netherlands) , PIC (Spain) , ASGC (Taiwan) , RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) , the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [71]
Variation in the Properties of Ti-6al Alloys Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting Due To Build Plate Location
No full textThe build plate location and post-processing effects on the properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM) are investigated in the context of spatial variability. Tensile test specimens are fabricated in four corner and center locations of the EBM machine build plate with three different dimensions. One specimen has standard dimensions of 6 mm gauge length diameter; the second one has 25% higher diameters, called the offset specimens, and the third is a cylinder with a diameter of 15 mm, called the block specimens. The standard specimen dimensions are obtained by applying machining to the block and offset specimens to evaluate the influence of the larger dimension and post-processing on the mechanical properties, including spatial variability. The yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility are obtained by performing tensile tests. The density and surface roughness of the specimens are measured before and after machining. Correlation plots and semivariograms are used to examine the effect of spatial variability on the properties of the fabricated specimens at different build plate locations. The densities of the block, offset, and standard specimens are 99.4%, 98.6%, and 98.8%, respectively. The surface roughness (Ra) values reduced from 29.5 to 0.7 mu m after machining the block specimens, while the roughness is as high as 47.2 mu m for the standard specimens. Following the machining process, the yield strength increases from 970 MPa for the standard specimens to 1039 MPa for the block specimens. The tensile strengths are approximately 1115 MPa and 1074 MPa for the block and offset specimens, respectively, whereas for the standard specimens, it is as low as 996 MPa. Similarly, the ductility increases to 13.8% when the block specimens are machined compared to the standard specimen result of 5.4%. For the standard specimens, approximately 5% change in the parameters could be observed at different build plate locations. The location dependency is lesser for the block and offset specimens after machining. There is higher correlation in material properties without any post-processing, whereas all the properties exhibit spatial variability according to the correlation plots and semivariogram analysis.This work was supported by Presidency of Defense Industries and the Turkish Aerospace under the SAYP project DDKIT1.Presidency of Defense Industries; Turkish Aerospace under the SAYP project [DDKIT1
Head and Neck Tuberculosis in Southeastern Region in Turkey, Near the Syrian Border
No full textObjective: The study was conducted to evaluate profiles, demographical data, diagnostic, clinical and treatment approaches in relation to the cases of diagnosed head and neck tuberculosis after the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011. The aim of the study is to share current knowledge on head and neck tuberculosis and to investigate whether there is an epidemiological change with the admission of immigrants after the start of the Syrian civil war. Methods: Demographic data, contact history, relapse, localization, tuberculin test, BCG vaccination and treatment duration are evaluated variables. Two groups were created. The first group was diagnosed with head and neck tuberculosis between 2006 and 2011 before the outbreak of the Syrian civil war, and the second group was diagnosed between 2012 and 2017 after the war in Syria caused hundreds of thousands of Syrian citizens to flee their homes and cross the border into Turkey. Results: Head and neck tuberculosis cases tend to increase after the year of 2012. The number of diagnosed non-Turkish citizens expand after the year of 2012 and reach the highest number in 2017. BCG vaccination status and contact history were found to be the only variables that display statistical significance between the groups. Conclusions: The number of head and neck tuberculosis cases increased after the Syrian war began due to insufficient rates of vaccination among the Syrian population and this population's overcrowded living environment in Turkey. The burden of these crises affects a region rather than the whole country
Green Is the New Black: the Rise of Green Marks and Possible Solutions To Greenwashing
No full textIf a popularity contest were to occur among colors nowadays, green would be the winner by far. Fast and alarming global warming has created huge and obligatory changes to consumer habits. This has put some big burdens on companies to massively change their production processes. Due to a significant percentage of consumers having changed their purchasing habits, companies are taunted with being green, and they have started greenwashing practices to take advantage of consumers’ new habits without changing their corporate policies. The rise of greenwashing has caused an urgent need to protect consumers and the market. Both Turkish and foreign governments regulate certain markets such as food and agriculture and also bring certain restrictions in terms of advertisement law to eliminate deceptive images from being created in consumers’ eyes. However, the gap in green marks shows the urgent need to amend the trademark law approach to protect consumers from greenwashing and to safeguard the proper functioning of the market. This work first examines the definition of green marks and ecolabels, as well as their confusing concepts, followed by present regulations regarding different legal areas. Upon this, the study then discusses the urgent need to regulate trademark law regarding green marks and makes proposals for legislation in line with recent EU regulation proposals regarding green claims. © Annales de la Faculte de Droit d'Istanbul.All rights reserve
Inclusive-Photon Production and Its Dependence on Photon Isolation in Pp Collisions at √s=13 Tev Using 139 Fb-1 of Atlas Data
No full textMeasurements of differential cross sections are presented for inclusive isolated photon production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV provided by the LHC and using 139 fb(-1) of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment. The cross sections are measured as functions of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The photons are required to be isolated by means of a fixed-cone method with two different cone radii. The dependence of the inclusive-photon production on the photon isolation is investigated by measuring the fiducial cross sections as functions of the isolation-cone radius and the ratios of the differential cross sections with different radii in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The results presented in this paper constitute an improvement with respect to those published by ATLAS earlier: the measurements are provided for different isolation radii and with a more granular segmentation in photon pseudorapidity that can be exploited in improving the determination of the proton parton distribution functions. These improvements provide a more in-depth test of the theoretical predictions. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from JETPHOX and SHERPA and next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from NNLOJET are compared to the measurements, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The measured cross sections are well described by the fixed-order QCD predictions within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties in most of the investigated phase-space region.CERN; ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW; FWF, Austria; ANAS; CNPq; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF; DNSRC, Denmark; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; BMBF; MPG, Germany; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS; MIZS, Slovenia; MICINN, Spain; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; DOE; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF; CANARIE; CRC, Canada [PRIMUS 21/SCI/017, UNCE SCI/013]; Czech Republic; ERC; ERDF; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex; ANR, France; DFG; AvH Foundation, Germany - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF; NCN; La Caixa Banking Foundation; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya; PROMETEO; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden); KIT/GridKA (Germany); INFN-CNAF (Italy); NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain); ASGC (Taiwan); BNL (U.S.A.)We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.; The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [67]