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An RFID Embedded Micro-controller Based Media Integration Auto- Stream Framework for Car Packing
Get PDFFULL TEXTThis paper discusses on an integrated car parking system that provides the ultimate solution for
drivers, municipalities and private parking lot owners. This enables the drivers to be guided when parking
their cars at the exact place in a specified period of time; it simplifies the monitoring and also intelligence
gathering of parking occupancy. The integrated RFID microcontroller functions as a vehicle parking meter,
eliminating the need for parking guides directing cars on where to park. RFID based vehicles parking
technique uses micro controller with sensing circuits which sense entry and outgoing of the vehicles. In this
technique the RFID card is swiped with the permission of vehicle’s parking owner. By using the H bridge
concept we operate the entry and exit. In this H Bridge concept DC motors are used for the operation of entry
and exit boom. The DC motors operate clock wise and antilock wise as per the program. When the vehicles
enter in the parking system the space available in the parking system reduce and vice versa. A standard power
supply of 5 volt is given for the operation. An LCD displays all the activities of the parking system. The
microcontroller is interfaced to a car parking software with hashed database encryption and an RFID card
authenticator recording incoming and outgoing vehicles in real-time. The use of RFID tags, readers and
antennas makes it easier to automate the 'in and out' privileges of parking subscribers
Case Commentary on the British American Tobacco v Attorney General of Uganda (EACJ) and GETMA International v The Republic of Guinea (OHADA CCJA)
Get PDFThis case commentary uses the in-depth case study and thick-description approach to
analyze and comment on two important cases from the East Africa Court Justice (EACJ)
and the OHADA Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (OHADA CCJA). The cases
are the British American Tobacco v Attorney General of Uganda (EACJ), 2019 (BAT
case) and GETMA International v The Republic of Guinea (OHADA CCJA arbitral
award), 2014 (GETMA case). The BAT case is the first case decided by the EACJ on a
purely international trade and commercial law subject matter. This is significant since
the EACJ’s docket has since its first decision in 2006 been dominated mainly by human
rights, rule of law, opposition politics, and employment cases. The GETMA case on the
other hand is renowned because of the action of the arbitrators in the OHADA CCJA
arbitration to request a significant increase in their arbitration fees over the amount set
under the OHADA arbitration rules. Outside of this controversial issue in the GETMA
case, this commentary delves deep into the other accompanying cases involving the same
parties in International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and
the enforcement proceedings in the US Federal Court in DC. The two cases thus present
many lessons for future litigants, stakeholders, commentators, academics, and students in
the East African regional integration process and in OHADA harmonization of business
laws and arbitration
Editon Consortium Journal of Business and Management Studies (ECJBMS) Influence of Guerrilla Skills on Micro and Small Enterprise Survival in Wakiso District, Uganda.
No full textThis study examined the influence of Guerrilla skills on Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) survival in Wakiso
district, Uganda. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of guerrilla skills on profitability,
stability and continuous resource availability of the Micro and Small Enterprises in Wakiso District, Uganda.
Multiple sampling methods were used to derive a sample of 306 MSEs and a cross-sectional survey research
design was used and adopted a positivist approach. The study used quantitative approaches which involved
descriptive analysis (frequencies, percentages tables) and inferential statistics (linear regression). Raw data
was captured into SPSS (version 16). Results revealed that Guerrilla skills had a positive and statistically
significant influence on profitability, stability and continuous resource availability leading to increased
enterprise survival. It also revealed that guerrilla skills have a positive and statistically significant influence on
the survival of MSEs in Wakiso district, Uganda and accounted for 29.6 per cent of the variation in Micro and
Small enterprise survival. MSE owner/managers need to develop, improve and utilize guerrilla skills in running
their businesses. They should utilize resources within their surrounding maximally and be ahead of the
competitors by utilizing unconventional low-cost tactics not known to their competitors and are difficult to
copy. Similarly, programs to improve MSE owners/managers' guerrilla skills be implemented to enhance MSE
survival. Curriculum developers need to design programs that will involve learners to apply guerrilla skills
Reference Guide to Africa’s International Courts An Introduction
Get PDFThis reference guide introduces the eight active international courts in Africa.1
Also included is a ninth inactive court, the Arab Maghreb Union’s Judicial Organ.
The discussion of the Arab Maghreb Union’s Judicial Organ in this reference guide
examines why there has been less judicialization in North Africa relative to other
parts of Africa. All of Africa’s active international courts came into existence in
the last two and half decades.2 At the end of the Cold War, only a single quasi-
judicial adjudicative body, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’
Rights (ACHRP or the Commission) was in existence. These international courts
stem from two sources: sub-regional economic integration arrangements and
the regional human rights system of the African Union (AU). The African Court
on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR or African Court), formed in 2006, is
the regional human rights court in Africa.3 It complements the human right
EFFECT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT TAKING SAVINGS AND CREDIT CO- OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KENYA
Get PDFSavings and Credit Cooperative Societies play an important role in economic development as part of the financial system. In order to increase financial inclusivity and realize Vision 2030, the Kenyan government has introduced favorable legislation to support the cooperative movement in addition, organizations like NITA are now conducting training programs that are aimed at enhancing performance of SACCOs despite these initiatives, high failure rates among Deposit Taking SACCOs have continued to be reported for instance, out of the 176 SACCOs registered by 2016, 12 were licensed to operate on a six months renewable conditional and restricted license where 2 had their licenses revoked having failed to improve in performance. This outcome reveals that there is an information gap relating to the key determinants of performance of Deposit Taking SACCOs. Business management training is reported to be one of the key determinants of performance of SACCOs. Consequently, this study assessed the effect of Business Management Training on Financial Performance among the Deposit Taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study focused on the constructs of Accounting Skills, Entrepreneurship Skills, Financial Management Skills, Marketing Management Skills and Strategic Leadership Skills. The study was underpinned on the Kirk Patrick‟s learning and training evaluation theory, theory of internal control, psychological theory, financial stewardship theory, resource-based theory, Porters theory of competitive advantage and behaviorist learning theory. The study applied both positivist and interpretative philosophical foundations. The study adopted explanatory survey design to achieve research objectives. The target population was 176 licensed Deposit Taking SACCOs registered in Kenya as at 2016. Random sampling technique was used to obtain 74 Deposit Taking SACCOs. From every SACCO, the chief executive officer, finance manager and the internal auditor were selected as respondents. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires with a likert scale while secondary data collection sheet was used for collecting information concerning SACCOs financial performance. A drop and pick technique were used. Reliability and Validity were conducted to ensure research tools were effective in data collection. Business management training indicators were analyzed using frequencies and percentages while the relationships between business management training and financial performance was analyzed using correlation and regression. The findings of the study showed a significant positive relationship between accounting skills (r=0.403, β=0.288, t=2.095, p=0.038), entrepreneurship skills (r=0.309, β=0.168, t=1.997, p=0.048), financial management skills (r=0.420, β =0.244, t=2.584, p=0.011), marketing skills (r=0.444, β=0.213, t=2.061, p=0.041) and strategic leadership skills (r=0.563, β=0.452, t=4.228, p=0.000) and financial performance. Based on the results of the multiple regressions (adjusted r2=.333, F=14.604 and p=0.000), the five independent variables explained 33.3%of the changes in financial performance. Using ANOVA analysis, it was concluded that all the variables under study were statistically significant determinants of financial performance of SACCOs in Kenya. This study recommends that the SACCOs should put tighter internal controls system for proper business accounts management, hire managers based on an entrepreneurial inclination and set objectives for value maximization to be attained. Future studies in SACCOs should focus on how human and financial resources can be integrated and used as competitive tool to achieve sustainable financial performance. The findings from this study will be useful in the management of SACCOs, policy making, researchers, scholars and investors
The link between Internet Usage and Addiction to Online Gambling Among Undergraduate Students in Kenya
Get PDFThe study sought to examine the role of problematic internet usage in the risk of addiction to online gambling
among undergraduate students in universities in Kenya. The study utilized Behaviourist Theory and Social
Learning Theory. Ex-post facto research design was used for this study. The target population for the study was
97284 comprising all the undergraduate students in four universities and the accessible population was 2
nd
and
3
rd
year students comprising of 18911. The sample size comprised of 391 undergraduate students, 16 peer
counsellors and four (4) student counsellors making a total of 411 participants. Data was collected by use of a
questionnaire, an in-depth interview schedule and focus group discussion. Each focus group discussion
comprised of four participants. Purposive sampling was used to select the universities of study. Purposive and
simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. One university with similar characteristics with the
sampled universities was purposively selected for piloting to ensure reliability of the research instruments.
Descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages and means were used to analyse data. Chi square was used to
test the null hypotheses while t-test was used to compare the study variables. Quantitative data was analysed
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. Qualitative data was coded and thematically
analysed. The pre-test was administered to and the instruments were modified accordingly. According to the
study findings, problematic internet usage was significant to online gambling the reliability coefficient of
problematic internet usage was 0.829, online gambling was 0.875
FACTORS AFFECTING TAX AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS IN KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY: A CASE OF SOUTH RIFT-VALLEY REGION
Get PDFTax income forms a very significant portion of government revenue. Taxation is geared
towards generating revenue for the government to cater for its expenditure. In spite of
recording remarkable revenue growth and implementing many initiatives such as
carrying out an audit of taxpayers to improve tax collection, Kenya Revenue Authority
did not achieve its revenue targets over the period under study. An ineffective tax audit
has been considered as one of the many reasons behind non-compliance to tax laws and
revenue loss. The audit of taxpayers plays an important role in the administration of tax
laws. Its primary role is detecting and preventing non-compliance. The taxpayers, both
large and small pose a risk that their reported taxable income is not correct due to under
declaration of business income or overstating the expenses against business income. All
these risks lead to a reduction or loss of tax revenue to the government. Therefore, the
present study sought to evaluate the selected factors affecting tax audit effectiveness in
Kenya. Specifically, it sought to examine the effect of audit case selection, staff capacity,
tax dispute resolution mechanism, and Interpretation of tax laws on tax audit
effectiveness in Kenya Revenue Authority-South rift valley region. The study was
premised on the Theory of Inspired Confidence, Policy Learning Theory, Optimal
Theory of Taxation, and Hoffman‟s Tax Planning Theory. The study used a descriptive
research design targeting a population of 80 respondents, consisting of tax officers in
South Rift Valley Region; therefore, it adopted a census method. Questionnaires were
used to collect data after being subjected to the tests for validity by pre-testing the
instruments, engaging independent experts to evaluate it, and doing a pilot test which
assists in the restructuring of the questionnaire to suit the information required from
respondents. The reliability of the research instrument was checked by doing a Testretest
of the same. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential
statistics. The study has added new knowledge to the existing literature on taxpayer
audits and also provided a recommendation on how tax compliance can be enhanced
through tax audit initiative. The findings revealed that audit case selection (β = 0.479, p
<0.05) and tax audit staff capacity (β = 0.136, p < 0.05) are directly related to tax audit
effectiveness in South Rift Valley Region. However, the tax disputes resolution
mechanisms (β = -0.009, p ˃ 0.05) and interpretation of tax laws (β = -0.042, p ˃ 0.05)
are inversely related to tax audit effectiveness in the area as per the joint regression
model. The study recommends that there is need to improve on the audit case selection
procedures. There is also need for KRA to organize regular training for all its staff to
enable them to be more competent in their work. The study also recommends that
additional policy interventions be made on the tax dispute resolution mechanisms to
enable the expedition of tax disputes and prevent accrual of dues and unresolved
disputes. Finally, tax laws need to be simplified to improve the application and
administration of the tax laws and procedures
INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS SERVICE COMMISSION’S HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON TEACHER’S JOB COMMITMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A CASE OF RONGAI SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
Get PDFTeacher commitment is an important dimension of performance and quality assurance in the school. The World Bank observes that poor teacher management and low levels of teacher accountability afflicts many developing countries encouraging absenteeism. Low teacher commitment also affects the academic performance of the students. For instance, in Rongai Sub-county, poor academic performance among public secondary schools can be traced to low teacher commitment. Analysis of the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination for the year 2017 shows that over 78% of candidates do not score grade C+ and above which is the minimum entry requirement for Kenya universities. The purpose of this research study was to assess the influence of Teachers' Service Commission human resource management practices on the job commitment of public secondary school teachers in Rongai Sub County in Nakuru County. The study objectives were to establish the influence of reward system; training and development, performance appraisal, and promotion on teacher job commitment. In this study, a descriptive research design was adopted. The population under study consisted of 390teachers on permanent employment for all the 43 secondary schools in Rongai Sub-County. It included the principal, his deputy, Department Heads, and ordinary teachers. The research was based on the Best Practices Model and Mayer Model of commitment. The sample size for the study was 143 respondents. The selection of the respondents was done using stratified sampling. A structured questionnaire was used in this research project for the collection of primary data which was used for the study. The study administered 143 questionnaires on a drop and pick later basis, out of which 87 were returned. The research instrument was initially tested in Nakuru East Sub-County preceding the main research study in order to determine its reliability and validity. Cronbach's alpha for the study was 0.73. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data with the aid of the Social Sciences Statistical Package. The descriptive statistics included frequency and percent distribution and chi-square test of the agreement while the inferential statistics were in inform of multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The findings produced an R2 of 0.693 indicating that 69.3% of the variation in job commitment can be explained by the four variables while 30.7% was a result of other factors. It was further established that reward system (R=0.398, P ≤ 0.05), teacher training (R=0.398, P ≤ 0.05), teacher performance (R= -0.422, P ≤ 0.05) and teacher appraisal (R=0.470, P ≤ 0.05) were statistically significant determinants of job commitment in secondary schools. The study concludes that TSC should organize frequent training and development that is relevant to every teacher's commitment since the teaching-learning environment is dynamic. The study recommends that further studies should be carried out focusing on other variables not studied
Relationship between Economic Factors and Gender Disparity in Enrolment of Students in Public Mixed Day Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya.
Get PDFThis study attempted to examine the relationship between economic factors and gender disparity in enrolment
of students in mixed public day secondary schools in Kericho County, Kenya. Social Demand Theory guided the
study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 124 public mixed day
secondary schools. The target population consisted of 124 principals and 9,418 students. Sampling techniques
applied included purposive and systematic random sampling techniques. A sample size of the principals was
determined by applying Kerlinger (1986) 30% rule, whereas for the students Cochran formula was used. The
sample size consisted of 38 principals and 384 students. Data for the study was collected by the use of
questionnaires. The study revealed that there exists a statistically significant relationship between Economic
Factors and Gender Disparity (r=0.768; p<0.05). From the findings, in connection with economic factors, it was
established that child labour had the highest mean of 3.21 and therefore was the major factor related to gender
disparity in enrollment. This was followed by parents' reluctance to pay fees due to the false notion of free
education with a mean of 3.10. The study concluded that the government, through quality assurance and
standards officers alongside local administration, should ensure that policies on child labour are well
implemented. That child labour is not practised so that all school age going children irrespective of their gender
attend school uninterrupted
EFFECT OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES ON JOB SATISFACTION OF SECURITY PERSONNEL IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BARINGO COUNTY, KENYA
Get PDFSecurity officers are part of the non-teaching staff in schools and school managers
expect them to be productive, dedicated, disciplined and committed to their work. Studies carried
out in other countries have revealed that human resource management practices have profound
effects on the job satisfaction of security personnel. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
examine the effect of human resource management practices on the job satisfaction of security
personnel in public secondary schools in Baringo County, Kenya. This paper presents and
discusses the research findings on the effect of recruitment and selection practices on job
satisfaction of security personnel in public secondary schools in Baringo County. It targeted 508
security personnel and 169 principals in public secondary schools in Baringo County. Slovin’s
formula was used to get the sample of 224 security personnel. Random sampling technique was
used to select 10% of the school principals to participate in the study. A questionnaire and an
interview guide were used to collect data. These research tools were validated and then tested for
reliability. Cronbach Alpha was used to test reliability. The reliability of the instrument was 0.788,
which was above the 0.70 threshold of acceptable reliability. Qualitative data was analysed
thematically based on the objectives. Quantitative data was collected and analysed by use of both
descriptive (means, percentages as well as frequencies) and inferential statistics. The inferential
statistics comprised Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression. The
results from the research revealed that recruitment and selection practices (β2=0.322, p<0.05)
had significant effect on security personnel’s job satisfaction. Therefore, recruitment and selection
practices were found to be major predictors of job satisfaction. The researcher concluded that the
Recruitment and selection practices were significant determinants of security personnel’s job
satisfaction. It is therefore recommended that school Boards of Management should clarify the
requisite skills and qualification for security personnel. They should advertise vacancies for
security jobs and avoid recruiting personnel only from th