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EFFECT OF VIDEO-MEDIATED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION, ATTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT IN LEARNING KISWAHILI PROVERBS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTKiswahili is an important subject in Kenya’s secondary school curriculum. The mean score of students in Kiswahili at KCSE has gradually declined from 46% in 2010 to 36% in 2015. This decline is a worrying trend. Proverbs, an integral part of Kiswahili, are not well taught, which partly explains the decline in performance. Video-Mediated Instructions (VMIs) are thought to be a catalyst of new pedagogical change and may help address this deficiency. The current study sought to establish the effect of VMIs on students’ validated measures of motivation, attitude and achievement in learning Kiswahili proverbs in secondary schools in Nakuru County. The objectives of the study were to: Establish the effect of VMIs on various aspects of students’ motivation; determine the effect of VMIs on various components of students’attitude, and examine the effect of VMIs on students’ achievement in Kiswahili proverbs. The data generated from the study informs understanding on how best to improve students’ performance in KCSE. A Quasi-experiment and Solomon Four Group Design were used. The studied population comprised Form Two students in extra-county single gender and boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select eight schools (a boy and girl school in each group). A total of 436 students were studied. At the onset, a pre-test was administered to experimental Group A and control Group B. The students were taught the same sixteen proverbs. In the experimental groups A and D, VMIs was used while the teacher-centred teaching method was used in the control groups B and C for a period of eight weeks. Data was collected using a Students’ Achievement Test, Student Motivation Questionnaire and Students’ Attitude Questionnaire. Items in these research tools were extracted from previous studies, pilot tested in schools with similar characteristics as those of this study and their psychometric properties identified. A post-test was administered to all the four groups. Data were initially analyzed using appropriate tests of differences (parametrics and non-parametric). A GLM was used to identify the confounders. SPSS and STATA computer softwares were used to conduct analyses. Hypotheses were accepted or rejected at a significant level of ρ < 0.05. The study found that VMIs demonstrated a statistically significant effect on students’ achievement but no demonstrable effect on different aspects of either motivation or attitude. Further, students’ gender and teacher experience were important confounders of students’ outcome. Teachers are advised to consider VMIs as a viable method to improve students’ achievement. Teachers should take caution when considering motivation and attitude as drivers of performance in the presence of VMIs. The study recommends continuous teacher education in the face of technology
Effect of Monetary Policy Instruments On the Performance Of Deposit Money Banks In Nigeria
No full textFULL TEXTThis research investigates the effect of monetary policy instrument on the performance of deposit
money banks in Nigeria. The research was based on country aggregate level annual data that
covered a period of twenty three years spanning from 1990 – 2013 through the application of
ordinary least square (OLS) method of regression and Augment Dicky – Fuller techniques in
testing the unit root property of the series. The results of the unit root test suggest that all
variables in the model are stationary at d(1) and the trace test indicated 1 co-integration test. The
regression result indicated that monetary policies significantly affect banks. The major findings
of this research is that effective monetary policies should direct on manipulating instruments and
importance should be placed on justification for adopting a particular policy be rationalized in
order to increase growth in economy, CBN should redefine monetary policy instruments in order
to be more attractive to the DMBs and this will enable deposit money banks to embrace them
beyond mere compulsion.National Research Fun
INFLUENCE OF RISK BASED INTERNAL AUDIT ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTFinancial sustainability requires appropriate risk based audit practice hence effective and efficient internal audit. Most non-governmental organizations are faced with sustainability challenges which can be attributed to difficulties in the design, monitoring and implementation of project financing strategies which may impact negatively on overall sustainability. The financial sustainability of an organization is a measure of the organization‘s ability to meet its financial obligations. Many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya largely depend on foreign funding. The declining state of foreign funding coupled with the Miscellaneous Amendment Bill of 2013 imposes a strain to an already constraining situation. The study was to determine the influence of risk based internal audit on financial sustainability of non-governmental organization. The study was specifically looking at the influence of Internal Audit Transparency, Internal Auditors Competency, Internal Auditors Independence and Management Support on financial sustainability of NGOs in Nakuru County Kenya. Theories underpinning this study were: Auditing Theory, Stakeholder Theory and Theory of Budgeting. Descriptive research design was used. The researcher used a sample frame of 79 NGOs. From each NGO the researcher targeted three officials namely program managers, grants managers and accountants. This gave a total of 237 officials who were the targeted population. A sampling technique was used where 115 officials were selected. Data collection was done through use of questionnaires constructed on a likert scale. Questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM software was used for analyzing the collected data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics which included frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics which included regression and correlation analysis and was presented in tables and figures. The study established that audit transparency, auditor competency, auditors‘ independence and management support had significant relationships with financial sustainability of non-governmental organization in Nakuru County. Correlation analysis showed that auditors‘ competence had a significant influence on financial sustainability of NGOs in Nakuru County. On the other hand audit transparency, auditors‘ independence and management support did not significantly influence financial sustainability of non-governmental organization in Nakuru County. The study was of significant to Government as it would assist in formulating effective policies on issues appertaining to the NGOs finances also it was significant to academicians and researchers. The study concluded that audit transparency, auditor competency, auditors‘ independence and management support had significant relationships with financial sustainability of non-governmental organization in Nakuru County. The study recommended that the organizations should ensure that internal auditors department operates independently without undue influence to ensure that the internal auditors perform their duties confidently without fear and favor. Also the researcher recommended that the internal auditors department should ensure they recruit competent auditors in the organizations with sufficient knowledge and skills in auditing to ensure that the audit process is accurate giving an accurate position of the financial standing of the organization
THE INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON COUNSELORS ' INTENTION TO SEEK COUNSELLING SUPERVISION SERVICES IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTDespite the awareness of the benefits of counselling supervision such as reducing counsellor’s burnout, enhancing professional development, increasing competence, and efficiency in counselling, the forces that steer counselors into seeking and adopting counselling supervision have not been largely explored. Failure or reluctance to seek counselling supervision may be caused by many factors, some of which could be individual and institutional factors among others. Consequently, the study objective was to examine the influence of individual and institutional factors on counsellor intention to seek supervision services, in Kenya. Two theories informed the study namely: DiMaggio Powell (1983) Institutional Theory (IT) and Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The TPB examined the individual level factors namely: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, while the IT was used to explore the institutional level factors of coercive pressure, mimetic reinforcement, and normative values, as predictors of counsellor's intention to seek supervision services. The research design is a correlational, cross sectional research design, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. The sample of 220 respondents was drawn from a target population of 1205 practicing counselors registered by the Kenya Counselling& Psychological Association in Kenya, in Nairobi County, using simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from items used in TPB and IT research. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 was used for data analysis to investigatesignificant relationships between the research variables, to extractdescriptive and inferential statistics. Further, the strength of relationship between the individual and institutional level factors and the dependent variable of intention to seek supervision service, utilized multiple linear regression techniques. The multiple linear regression is significant (R2=.577, F (6, 95) =21.556, p0.05 hence were not significant leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. An understanding of the individual and institutional factors that determine counsellor's willingness to seek Counselling Supervision services will greatly improve Counselling services in Kenya. This understanding may guide the professional bodies in developing policies and regulations that may help in the uptake of counselling supervision services in Kenya
EFFECT OF BRANDING STRATEGIES ON POST GRADUATE STUDENTS’ CHOICE OF UNIVERSITIES IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTBranding in universities are alternatives to bring differentiation in order to attract the attention of stakeholders. The problem addressed by this study was to examine how branding strategies such as internal branding strategies, external branding strategies and service mix branding strategies influenced postgraduate students’ choice of Universities in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study employed explanatory research design, the population of the study comprised of 3,742 universities postgraduate students, of which 212 were randomly sampled. The universities were inclusive of the campuses which were both public and private. A pilot study was used to pretest the questionnaire from the respondents. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of data collection instrument. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as; frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square while inferential statistics methods included Pearson correlation and multiple regressions analysis were used to test the relationship between variables. The study findings indicate that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship between internal branding strategies employed by universities and postgraduate student choice of universities (β = 0.401, p0.05).The results further indicated that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship between service mix branding strategies employed by universities and postgraduate student choice of universities (β = 0.347, p<0.05). It is recommended that the university through internal branding leadership should ensure an organization culture created which will enhance prospective students’ choice of postgraduate programs and also enhance employees’ positive communication about the university. Universities management should have partnership programme and collaborations with the international institutions to enhance students and staff benefits. They should also support or carry out CSR activities. Postgraduate programs should also be priced fairly in a bid to attract more students, while relevant content and material information should be available for easy access in aiding students for registration of postgraduate academic programs. Universities should enhance the use of social media as a promotional channel for reaching prospective students. Universities should ensure stocked updated reading material through subscription to electronic academic journals
ENGENDERING RULE OF LAW IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN KENYA
Get PDFThe healthcare sector in Kenya has been in a state of turmoil for
a long time with this manifesting itself in varied forms. This has in many
ways translated to adverse outcomes on individuals seeking healthcare
services. Incrementally funding the healthcare sector has not necessarily
translated to the improvement of services offered. This is indicative of
the fact that past approaches to development have failed to acknowledge
that development is a combination of distinct processes, at times having
glaring intersectionalities. Particularly, the place of law as a tool for
social, economic, and political change has been underappreciated with
devastating consequences. Failure to adhere to the Rule of Law in the
health sector has principally been a structural barrier to health
improvement in the country with a multitude of stakeholders in the
health sector being willing partakers in the disregard of the law. The
implication of this has been a health sector that is riddled with
corruption, disregard of court processes, the mushrooming of rogue
providers, and high mortality rates which in the end translates to apathy
from the users of healthcare services. This paper asserts the place of the
Rule of Law as a foundational determinant of health. The paper analyzes
some of the pitfalls that have plagued the health sector in Kenya and
draws a connection between these challenges and the failure to adhere to
the law. What becomes apparent throughout this analysis is that a strong
correlation exists between likely health outcomes and adherence to the
law
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEMALE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SELECTED FACTORS AND THEIR ASPIRATION FOR LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KERICHO COUNTY, KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTAlthough more women today are joining the teaching profession, a gender gap in leadership in favour of men persists in primary schools in Kenya. Notably, women hold less than 20% of all leadership positions in primary schools in Kericho County. This study investigated the relationship between the perceptions of selected factors and aspirations of female teachers for primary school leadership positions in Kericho County. This research is founded on the Theory of planned behaviour and the Model of Administrative Career Mobility, from which a conceptual framework was formulated. A mixed method design was utilized. A survey questionnaire and an interview schedule were used to collect data. The study population consisted of all 461 public primary schools in Kericho County. The study employed stratified and simple random sampling techniques to sample 327 female teacher respondents from the target population. Female senior teachers and deputy head teachers were purposively sampled from the sample of schools. This study employed the concurrent triangulation strategy to analyse and interpret data. Descriptive techniques, One-Way Analysis of Variance, the Pearson Product Moment correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the quantitative data. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were transcribed, organized into categories, sub categories and themes, and presented in prose form. The study established that the perceptions of sociocultural factors were not significantly correlated with leadership aspiration with a coefficient of -0.095 at p-value of 0.05. There was a weak negative significant relationship between the perception of institutional factors and leadership aspiration with a coefficient of -0.123 at a p-value of 0.05, accounting for 1.5% of the variability in leadership aspiration. There was a significant positive relationship between selfefficacy of the female teacher and their leadership aspiration with a coefficient of 0.373 at p-value of 0.05, accounting for 14% of the variability in leadership aspiration. Overall, about 16% of the variability in female teachers’ leadership aspirations was explained by the studied variables. The qualitative findings confirmed the influences of the factors explored in the study. The study concluded that self efficacy and perceptions of institutional factors influence the female teachers’ leadership aspiration. The study recommended that school policies based on equal opportunity principles should be developed to create a leadership team in primary schools. It also recommends the development of programs for enhancing the access of female teachers to leadership positions in primary schools in light of their high aspiration for leadership. The study also contributes to the body of literature on women in educational leadership in Kenya
Combating Unjustified Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures in the African Tripartite Free Trade Area (SADC-EAC-COMESA): SPS-Plus or SPS-Minus?
Get PDFSanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) are incessant non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to trade in both intra
and extra-African trade. New SPS measures are now set up in the African Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) that
amalgamate three existing regional economic communities (RECs): The Common Market for Eastern and Southern
Africa (COMESA), the South African Development Community (SADC), and the East African Community
(EAC).
This article compares and contrasts the SPS measures obligations as set out in Annex 15 of the TFTA to the
WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). Additionally, the
application of ‘abusive SPS measures based on minority science’ as non-tariff trade barriers to both internal and
external African trade especially on agricultural products is analysed. An increase in transparency and
accountability in the formulation of NTBs monitoring mechanisms in the COMESA, SADC, and EAC would
address this ever present problem. The TFTA in Annex 15 is a case of SPS-Minus as it has a number of serious
shortcomings including the lack of important obligations of sufficient risk assessment, non-discrimination,
equivalence, the precautionary principle, and specific reference to consultations and dispute settlement.
Notwithstanding these omissions, the TFTA has the potential for great achievement in the curbing of
NTBs generally and unjustified SPS measures specifically because of the monitoring, transparency, and
harmonisation obligations. If the Tripartite mandate, however, turns out to be like most other ‘loose’ integration
efforts in Africa, then there is reason to believe that the NTB monitoring and reporting mechanism is not going to
bear much fruit
EFFECTS OF CREDIT RISK MITIGATION STRATEGIES ON PROFITABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN NAKURU TOWN
No full textFULL TEXTCredit risk is on an increasing rate and is becoming an area of concern to many people and institutions in the lending business globally. This kind of exposure leads to instability and poor financial performance of microfinance institutions. Microfinance institutions are exposed to credit risk and therefore it is important for them to come up with mitigation strategies. The current study sought to find out the effects of credit risk mitigation strategies on the profitability of microfinance institutions in Nakuru town. The objectives of the study were to determine the role of loan appraisal procedures, debt recovery policies, credit risk monitoring and diversification of credit products on the profitability of microfinance institutions in Nakuru town. The study used a sample size of 75 respondents who were drawn from selected microfinance institutions in Nakuru town. The target population for the study was 500 respondents drawn from various microfinance institutions in Nakuru town. The sample size comprised of respondents drawn from various microfinance institutions drawn in Nakuru.Questionnaires were the main data collection tool that was used. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and was presented in form of frequency tables, charts and graphs. The results revealed that credit risk monitoring was negatively correlated with profitability. However, this correlation was not statistically significant hence the null hypothesis 3 was retained and concluded that there was no evidence based on the sample to suggest that credit risk monitoring as associated with profitability. This is in agreement of the findings from a study carried out by Saunders, (2012) in the United States, the findings indicated that debt recovery policies largely affected the profitability of microfinance institutions. He looked at various microfinance institutions in the country and also investigated the policies that were being used in debt collection. The results revealed that credit risk monitoring was negatively correlated with profitability. The results revealed that credit risk monitoring was negatively correlated with profitability
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF CREDIT REFERENCE BUREAUS IN MITIGATING AGAINST CREDIT DEFAULT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTThe study assessed the role of Credit Reference Bureaus (CRB) in mitigating default risk among commercial banks in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to analyze risk identification as a CRB role in mitigating against credit default in commercial banks in Kenya. To assess customer repayment behavior as a CRB role in mitigating against credit default in commercial banks in Kenya. To investigate customer credit access as a CRB role in mitigating against credit default in commercial banks in Kenya. To examine reduction in the rate of moral hazard as a CRB role in mitigating against credit default in commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on the Adverse Selection Theory, the Moral Hazard Theory, and Credit Rationing Theory. The study used a CausalComparative descriptive survey design in evaluating the role of CRB in mitigating against credit default in commercial banks in Kenya. This design was appropriate for this study because comparison allowed for the establishment of conclusive causality attributing observed changes in the role of Credit Reference bureau practices in mitigating against credit default. The researcher employed descriptive statistical analysis and methods of analyzing correlations and regressions between multiple variables. The target population of the study consisted of all the 43 licensed commercial banks in Kenya under the Banking Act. The researcher used census method for the research, which composed of all commercial bank headquarters credit managers. To collect primary data, the researcher used questionnaires. Besides, Secondary data required for this study were collected from loan books and CBK annual Bank supervisory reports. With the help of research assistants, the researcher visited the institutions and administered the questionnaires. To ensure validity, questionnaire was prepared in conjunction with literature review and based on the research objectives. Its content validity was pre-tested by a pilot study carried out in Diamond Trust Bank and Investment and Mortgage Commercial banks headquarters in Nairobi. The study yielded Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.8 SPSS software was used to analyze the data and results presented using graphical systems, which included histograms pie charts and frequency distributions tables. The researcher used descriptive statistics, which included the mean, median standard deviation and range to show the default rate. The researcher conducted inferential statistical tests that comprised of correlation, ANOVA regression Chi-square analysis to test hypothesis. P -values yielded were less than 0.05, which indicates that the roles played by Credit Revenue Bureau have significant influences on the Credit Default Rate in commercial banks in Kenya. The conclusion was that CRB plays a significant role in risk identification, rate of credit repayment, credit access, and reduction of moral hazards and credit information evaluation in mitigating against credit default in commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that the CRB be extended to all non-banking sectors that handle credit transactions to reveal more credit histories of different borrowers. In addition, CRB firms in Kenya should link with other regional CRB firms in other countries as to have information on credit histories of those crossing the borders to promote more credit accessibility and reduce credit default