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INCLUSION OF KENYAN POPULAR MUSIC IN SECONDARY SCHOOL MUSIC CURRICULUM: A STUDY OF SELECTED SCHOOLS IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA
Full text linkPopular music is an important ingredient in the day-to-day lives of many young people,
especially the youth. In Kenya, this genre has not been included in the secondary school
music curriculum. The glaring omission of popular music in the current curriculum has
led to students experiencing a disconnect between the music they love and easily identify
with, and that which is offered in schools. To address this omission and disconnect, it
was imperative that a study be conducted on the need to include popular music in the
curriculum‘s music content. The study sought to shed light on: (i) the music content
areas in the 8-4-4 secondary school music curriculum with the aim of suggesting
inclusion of Kenyan popular music.: (ii) the music preferences of the students to be
included in the secondary school music curriculum: (iii) the significance of Kenyan
popular music to students to reinforce its need in the secondary school music curriculum.
The study design utilized was descriptive design, which included understanding the lived
encounters and viewpoints of respondents. Multicultural theory was useful in this study
as it mirrored consolidation of variety of cultures of students in a class. Homogeneous
purposive sampling was used to select nine schools that offer music, 112 form three
music students, and nine music teachers from Vihiga County. Data was collected using
two research instruments: questionnaires and document analysis. The questionnaires
were administered to both students and teachers to collect views, facts, and suggestions
on inclusion of popular music in the music curriculum. The data was analyzed using
thematic analysis. Data was coded considering the interrelatedness of responses.
Emerging themes were then recorded, classified, and interpreted as per the objectives of
the study. The results indicated that the music teachers and the form three music students
supported the inclusion of the genre (Kenyan popular music) alongside Western and
African music. The conclusion was that inclusion of Kenyan popular music in the
secondary school music curriculum was necessary. Recommendations included:
Education planners to review the curriculum and include popular music to accommodate
the genre; appropriate approaches to be established by education planners on how best to
incorporate popular music in the Kenyan secondary school music curriculum. Finally,
music teachers should be trained on the varied conventions of popular music making in
the world that point towards multicultural music
The Ghai in our Constitution
Full text linkProfessor Yash Pal Ghai did not just lead the process of writing the Constitution
of Kenya; he is actually embedded in it. Our Constitution benefited not just from
Ghai’s long experience in negotiating peace but also his philosophy and approach to
constitution-making. As a person who has taught and studied the new Constitution
since its inauguration on 27 August 2010, I have often been astonished by its
uniqueness. Many times I have pondered on the ingenuity of its authorship and I
have become more and more convinced that most of this has its origins in Ghai;
born of his own personal experiences, professional engagements and the resultant
intellectual ideas.
Ghai was born and brought up in colonial Kenya. Growing up as an Asian
exposed him to discrimination on the basis of race, and as part of a numerically
disadvantaged population. Even upon independence in 1963, Kenyan Asians
remained a racial other and minority. Pretending to act on behalf of the majority,
the emergent black African elite simply took the place of the minority white race
that ruled during the colonial epoch. The Asians remained subordinate.1
Even in
the greater East African region, then encompassing Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania,
the experience of Asians was not just, a situation Ghai and his brother reflected
on.2
In August 1972, the world watched in awe when Uganda’s President Idi Amin
ordered all ‘Indians’ out of the country within 90 days. At a personal level, Ghai has narrated to me experiences of discrimination both at the University of East
Africa Dar es Salaam (Dar) – where he taught and served as Dean of Law – and at
the East African Community (EAC) where his nomination as Chief Legal Officer
was resisted by Kenya, which preferred a black African instead. Inevitably, this
background must have informed Ghai’s expansive scholarship on management of
diversity and inclusivity.
But it is not in Ghai to be a silent minority. He speaks truth to power, which in
the 1970s caused a lot of tension between him and the emerging black African elite
in the region. His book, Public law and political change in Kenya,3
co-authored with the
late Prof Patrick McAuslan, confirmed the suspicion that he would not be a ‘partner
in crime’. The book, which is the first account of the social, political and legal
developments in East Africa since the colonial epoch, offered a critical approach to
the subject and was not taken kindly by those then in authority. And for this Ghai
suffered. His appointment as the first African Dean of the University of Nairobi’s
Faculty of Law was opposed by the top echelons of the Kenya African National
Union (KANU) leadership. Unbeknownst to him, he had been declared persona
non grata in his own country. Unwanted at home and welcomed a bit more in the
neighbourhood, Ghai did not report to his post at the University of Nairobi, did not
stay at Dar for longer than a year, but instead headed overseas
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, INTERNAL ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN KENYA: A CASE OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
Full text linkIn the past few decades, Kenya, like other African country, has reported a surge in the
number of disasters. Kenya’s response to disasters has been ad-hoc and uncoordinated. The
institutional and legal frameworks on disaster management are fragmented. When a disaster
strikes the end result has been loss of property, lives and livelihoods. WHO 2017 Framework
for emergency preparedness identifies governance, planning, risk analysis and resources as
elements of disaster preparedness. This research endeavored to analyse how strategic
management practices affect disaster management in Kenya, with reference to national
government departments. The study was based on social capital, protection motivation and
contingency theories. The research philosophies applied were ontology and epistemology.
The study adopted a census survey. The research design was descriptive survey and
explanatory research. The target population was heads of departments in the Kenyan
government ministries and the unit of analysis was the Kenyan government departments. The
research studied a population of 128 respondents, a response rate of 82.8% was achieved.
Data was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. The data was analysed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson product moment correlation was employed to
assess the course and respective strengths of the linkage between environmental analysis,
strategic planning, risk governance, resource management. Multiple regression analyses were
employed to establish the effects of the factor variables and the moderating effect of internal
organizational factors on disaster management in Kenya. The results indicate that there was a
statistically significant effect of environmental analysis, strategic planning and strategic risk
governance on disaster management in Kenya. However, there was no statistically significant
effect of resource management strategies on disaster management in Kenya. Regression
coefficients revealed a significant effect of strategic management practices on disaster
management. Introduction of internal organizational factors showed that there was no
statistically significant moderating effect of the factors on strategic environmental analysis
and disaster management in Kenya. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant
moderating effect of internal organizational factors on strategic planning, risk governance,
resource mobilization and disaster management in Kenya. The study concludes that strategic
management practices, particularly strategic environmental analysis, strategic planning and
strategic risk governance are critical in disaster management. Internal organizational factors
are also pertinent in the implementation of the strategic management practices for effective
disaster management. The study recommends that in order to effectively carry out disaster
management, national government departments ought to enhance environmental analysis,
strategic planning, risk governance and resource management. The research findings imply
the need to build up internal organizational structures to offer leadership on disaster
mitigation in future. The findings are of benefit to the government of Kenya for policy
decisions in the area of disaster management and to scholars for imparting knowledge to their
students
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROVISION OF SELECTED RESOURCES AND EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL ROLES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NANDI EAST SUB- COUNTY, KENYA
Full text linkProvision of teaching resources in educational institutions is central to achievement of
the goals of education. It could facilitate effective performance of teachers’
instructional roles. This study sought to investigate relationship between provision of
selected resources and effective performance of instructional roles in secondary
schools in Nandi East Sub-County, Kenya. Numerous complaints by various
education stakeholders on performance of instructional roles by teachers as shown in
the background of this study were reported. These complains indicated that teachers
had not been effective in performing roles related to class room instruction, students’
evaluation and academic advising in Nandi East Sub-County. The problem of the
ineffective performance of instructional roles by teachers in Nandi East Sub-County
was investigated. Significance of this study was that recommendations could aid in
improvement of performance of instructional roles. Frederick Taylor’s Scientific
Management and System theory guided the study. Correlational research design was
adopted. Data collection tool was teachers’ and deputy principal’s questionnaire. The
data collection instruments were validated. Reliability of the instruments was tested
using test re-test method returning correlation coefficient of 0.711. The target
population was secondary school teachers and deputy principals. The accessible
population was the 192 teachers in the 30 secondary schools and 30 deputy
principal’s. Proportionate sampling was used to categorize teacher respondents into
female and male, teachers in boarding and day schools. Simple random sampling was
used to get actual teacher respondents. The teacher sample size was 127 teachers
determined using Krejcie and Morgan table of Sample size and all the 30 deputy
principals were a surveyed in the study to facilitate data triangulation. Data analysis
was done using SPSS version 24. Descriptive and inferential statistics were presented
in tables. Inferential statistics were used to determine significant differences at 95 per
cent confidence level. The study established that: there was a positive and a
statistically significant relationship between provision of classroom teaching
resources and effective performance of classroom instructional roles by teachers in
Nandi East Sub- County, Kenya; that there was a positive and a statistically
significant relationship between provision of learning resources and effective
performance of classroom instructional roles by teachers in Nandi East Sub- County,
Kenya; that there was a positive and a statistically significant relationship between
provision of students’ evaluation resources and effective performance of students
evaluation roles by teachers in Nandi East Sub- County, Kenya and that there was a
positive and a statistically significant relationship between provision of academic
advising resources and effective performance of academic advising roles by teachers
in Nandi East Sub- County, Kenya. The study recommended that teachers be provided
with necessary, relevant and adequate teaching resources for their use in performance
of instructional role
DRAMATURGIES OF FEMALE REPRESENTATION IN SELECTED KENYAN DRAMA
Full text linkThis study examines the dramaturgies used in the representation of the female gender in
Kenyan drama. The study examines Kyalo‘s The Hunter is Back (2010), Imbuga‘s The
Return of Mgofu (2011) and The Green Cross of Kafira (2013), and Gitumbi‘s A New
Dawn (2012). The study sought to illustrate the representation of women in the selected
plays and examine the ideological persuasions used by the playwrights in the selected
plays. This thesis, therefore, interrogated the artistic strategies employed by the
playwrights in the representation of female characters in the selected texts. The
researcher adopted a qualitative research design. The four primary texts were
purposively sampled. A textual exegesis was conducted from close reading and content
analysis as the method of data collection and analysis. Primary texts were subjected to
close reading to provide data for analysis. The researcher also referred to secondary
sources to support her arguments. The study used a theoretical framework that
combined post-colonialism in general and gender theories in particular. This study finds
that the representation of women Kenyan drama still casts them as victims of cultural
burdens of traditional gender roles and constrained options in behaviour. The study
shows that dramaturgies can be effectively employed to imagine and redefine new
visions of women in Kenya today. The study recommends further research on
dramaturgy and its implication on women‘s representation to enhance understanding
women‘s experiences in contemporary Kenyan drama
SELECTED FACTORS DETERMINING THE CORPORATE CASH HOLDINGS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to analyze selected factors determining corporate cash
holdings of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to
assess the effect of liquid asset substitutes, net working capital, cash flow volatility, and
profitability on the corporate cash holdings of the Commercial Banks in Kenya. The
study was based on the following theories; Trade-off Theory, Free Cash Flow
Hypothesis and the Pecking Order Theory. The study target population comprised of all
the 42 Commercial Banks registered and licensed to operate in Kenya as at 31
v
st
December 2018. This study took a census of the 34 Licensed Commercial Banks in
Kenya which operated between the years 2009 to 2018 (a period of 10 years). The
researcher collected secondary data from the audited financial reports of the sampled 34
Licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya. The secondary data was panel in nature covering
the period of 10 years and was collected using data caption sheet in Appendix I. Both
descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data (mean, standard
deviation, maximum, and minimum) (both bivariate and multivariate regression
analysis). The study found that Liquid Asset Substitutes had a substantial impact on
Commercial Banks' Corporate Cash Holdings in Kenya (=-0.8098, p<0.05). Second, the
study found that Net Working Capital had a significant impact on Licensed Commercial
Banks' Corporate Cash Holdings in Kenya (=-0.1380496, p<0.05). Further studies
revealed that Cash Flow Volatility had a substantial impact on Commercial Banks'
Corporate Cash Holdings in Kenya (=-0.0755294, p<0.05). Profitability, on the other
hand, had no significant impact on Commercial Banks' corporate cash holdings in Kenya
(p=0.796>0.05). Finally, the study found that government taxation had no effect on the
relationship between the drivers of the selected parameters and corporate cash holdings
of Kenyan commercial banks. The study concluded that three of the four factors
determining corporate cash holdings of Licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya, namely
Liquid Asset Substitutes, Net Working Capital, and Cash Flow Volatility, had a
significant effect on corporate cash holdings of Licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya,
based on statistical evidence. The study therefore recommends that the Licensed
Commercial Banks in Kenya should be keen on these three factors and develop
managerial procedures that can prudently manage the banks Liquid Asset Substitutes,
Net Working Capital and Cash Flow Volatility which will ensure efficient overall cash
management
Cost of Financing on Affordability of Housing in Nakuru East and Nakuru West Sub-counties, Nakuru County, Kenya
Full text linkAccess to affordable and decent housing remains a dream to many households, especially in developing nations.
In Kenya, the housing need has been identified as one of the most agent area that needs attention. In fact, the government has
put affordable housing as one of the big four agenda for the Nation. This study examined the relationship between cost of
financing and affordability of housing in Nakuru East and Nakuru West Sub-Counties. Data was collected from 384
households sampled from the 11 wards in the two sub-counties. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure adequate
representation of every ward in the sample. Data was collected through self-administered structured questionnaires and
interviews. A pilot test was conducted prior to the actual study, incorporating reliability and validly tests. The study achieved a
response rate of more than 87%. Findings from analysis revealed that cost of finance is significant determinant of affordability
of housing. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders in the housing sector should consider
subsidizing cost of building materials, land, and cost of professional services, mortgage facilities as well as water and
electricity. The government can partner with financial institutions as well as private investment organizations to offer more
affordable housing solutions to the general public
Comparative Discrimination Law
No full textThis book argues that a view has taken root in Africa, which equates state-secularism to the aggressive removal of religion from the public sphere or even state ambivalence towards religious affairs. This view arises from a misguided interpretation of the practice of state-secularism particularly in France, Turkey and the US, which understanding is ill-suited for the sub-Sahara Africa’s state-religion because the region boasts of at least three major religious traditions, African religion, Islam and Christianity, and blanket condemnation of public manifestation of religion or ambivalence towards it may offend the natural flourishing of this trinity and more. The contribution holds that most applications of state-secularism in Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda favour the Christian faith, which during its tumultuous experiences in Europe survived the enlightenment, the reformation and like experiences socialised to co-exist with what are now called secular states. Additionally, due to the long history of Christendoms in Europe, Christian principles penetrated the colonial legal systems that were bequeathed to Africa at independence and the sustenance of the colonial legacy means that the Abrahamic faith has an upper hand in the state-religion relations’ contest. The obvious loser is African religion which has suffered major onslaughts since the colonial days
DETERMINANTS OF FIRST ANTENATAL CARE VISIT AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANC CLINIC IN TENWEK HOSPITAL, BOMET COUNTY, KENYA
Full text linkPregnancy in itself poses a risk of complication to every individual mother carrying it
from conception to postnatal period. Therefore antenatal care Clinic (ANC) is
recommended to identify these complications early and adequately managed through
timely ANC visits. Late attendance of first antenatal visit is a common problem in
developing countries making it difficult to achieve the targeted maternal mortality to a
ratio below 70 per 100000 live births and newborn death to 12 per 1000 live birth by
2030. This study aimed at investigating determinants of first ANC visit among pregnant
mothers attending antenatal clinic at Tenwek Hospital. The objectives for this study
were; -to explore maternal individual reasons, to explore hospital factors and to
investigate maternal cultural beliefs and practices that affect women‟s decision regarding
the first antenatal visit. This was a qualitative study that utilized a phenomenological
study design to understand the experiences of pregnant women in seeking ANC service.
Homogeneous purposive sampling was used to sample mothers coming for initial
antenatal care clinic during the current pregnancy. In-depth interviews were used to
gather data from the participants. Braun and Clarke framework for thematic analysis was
employed for the analysis of data to reach thematic saturation. From the study, it was
notable that the results were in line with the objectives that were studied. The following
themes were derived from the data: Economic reasons, hospital service provision, fear,
cultural Factors and misconceptions about ANC by other women. The study participants
seemed not to be well informed of the stage of pregnancy when the initial ANC visit
should be made. This study recommends the need for hospital management to provide
health education to mothers concerning the importance of ANC attendance and to
organize strategies to prevent long queues at the hospital. Further, the community leaders
should create awareness through administrative barazas and employ community-owned
resource person strategy in following up expectant mothers in the community and
motivating them to attend ANC. The community leaders and resource persons need to
motivate pregnant women to attend ANC clinics
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED FACTORS AND GENDER DISPARITY IN ENROLMENT OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC MIXED DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KERICHO COUNTY, KENYA.
Full text linkProvision of universal basic education and especially secondary education is an
important global target captured in the Sustainable Development Goals number 4. In
tandem, the government of Kenya has since the year 2008 embarked on the Free Day
Secondary Education program. However, gender disparity in enrolment in secondary
schools is still persistent. This study attempted to establish the relationship between
selected factors and gender disparity in enrolment in public mixed day secondary schools
in Kericho County, Kenya. The objectives of this study were: to find out the relationship
between economic factors and gender disparity in enrolment, to establish the relationship
between socio-cultural factors and gender disparity in enrolment, to determine the
relationship between institution-based factors and gender disparity in enrolment and to
determine the relationship between home based factors and gender disparity in enrolment
of students in public mixed day secondary schools in Kericho County. The study was
guided by Social Demand Approach Theory. The study adopted descriptive correlational
research design targeting 124 public mixed day secondary schools from which the
accessible population consisted of 124 principals and 9,418 students. From these a
sample size of 38 principals and 384 students was obtained. Sampling techniques applied
included purposive, random and systematic sampling techniques. Data for the study was
collected by use of questionnaires. Statistical methods employed in the study include,
percentages, means, Spearman‟s coefficient of correlation, Pearson‟s coefficient of
correlation and regression statistics. The most outstanding issues regarding these
variables were child labour, early pregnancies, domestic chores, negative attitude
towards education, parent‟s preference to educate a boy child, harassment of girls by
male students, as well as student teacher relationship and also lack of parental support.
The study, therefore, concluded that economic, socio-cultural, institution based and
home based factors were all factors influencing gender disparity in enrolment in public
mixed day secondary schools in Kericho County. The study, therefore, recommended
that the quality assurance and standards officers alongside local administration should
discourage child labour which mostly affected female students and led to gender
disparity in enrolment. Secondly, policymakers and educators should come up with
progressive policies that address early pregnancies in relation to enrolment in secondary
schools. Furthermore, appropriate student-teacher relationship should be advocated in
order to promote conducive learning environment in schools to reduce gender disparity
in enrolment. Finally, parents should place a central role in academic affairs of their
children so that gender disparity in enrolment could be terminated. Future studies on a
similar topic should be carried out to compare the same factors in urban, rural and ASAL
regions of Kenya