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A WEB-BASED MODEL TO DETERMINE SECURITY RISK EXPOSURE INDEX AMONG SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES
No full textFULL TEXTSavings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs), like other financial institutions, own critical assets that must be protected against attackers even as the threat landscape continue to persist. This study provides a solution to SACCOs by determining security risk exposure index (SREI) based on ISO/ 27001 standards. The objectives of the study were to determine the critical security risks factors affecting Selected SACCOs based on ISO 27001 standards, to design a model for computing their security risk exposure index, to implement a prototype as a web based application for computing security risk exposure index, and to verify and validate the model. The study targeted 55 respondents from 11 deposit-taking SACCOs licensed by Sacco Societies Regulatory Authority (SASRA) to operate within Nakuru County. The response rate of 90.9% was registered and was considered sufficient for the study. The design model was based on six of ISO 27001’s eleven cardinal security control factors that were considered most critical to the security of the SACCOs using reduction analysis of the responses. Relevant Weights for computing SREI were derived and a mathematical model was designed. The model was implemented as a web-based prototype through design science paradigm using PHP as server-side language, CSS3 and JQuery for frontend styling and response, and MYSQL as a database engine. The designed model is significant in the sense that it provides the SACCO management and regulating authorities with useful information about security levels of their organizations when compared with best practices. The model provided appropriate actions necessary to maintain risk exposure to minimum levels
Social Media Neologisms; Made in Kenya for Kenyans: A case Study of Facebook
No full textFULL TEXTThis study investigated the use of Kenyan generated neologisms in the social media. This study
was informed by the fact that human language is a dynamic and an ever-changing phenomenon
only stable in performing its communicative function. The researcher conducted a survey of
Facebook, one of the most common social networking sites in Kenya, where people from all
walks of life engage one another on a litany of issues touching on their lives be they personal,
social, economic or even political. Facebook was chosen specifically as it has a wider outreach
than all the other social networking channels. The researcher purposely sampled 50 neologisms
of Kenyan origin in Facebook and thereafter using a descriptive qualitative data analysis
approach made a description of the word formation processes involved in their generation. This
study was able to identify and document a large number of neologisms on Facebook of Kenyan
origin and laced with a local flavor. The study also made an analysis of the word formation
processes involved in their creation. This study will go a long way in illustrating the universal
feature of language as a dynamic and a productive artifact at human disposal and in addition this
study will highlight the critical role played by social media as huge contributor to the evolution
of language.National Research Fun
EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ENERGY SECTOR STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTThis study aimedtoexamine theeffect of corporate governance on financial performance of Energy sector state corporations in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to examine the role of internal controls, stakeholder management, organizational culture and leadership on the financial performance of Energy sector state corporations in Kenya. Since the study sought to obtain its data from senior management team in charge of the various activities and departments in energy sector state corporations, the researcher expected the respondents to be too busy in their daily duties which could have prolonged data collection exercise this limited the study. The study was guided by agency theory, stakeholder’s theory and resource based theory. The target population for the study was a total of 154 senior management staff in the finance offices of the Kenya Power, Geothermal Development Company, and KenGen. This study used acensus to select respondents for this study. Data was obtained using structured questionnaires. To ascertain whether the research instrument was valid, the study used Content Validity Index based on responses given by five content experts in the subject matter who comprised of the research supervisor and four managers in theEnergy sector state corporations. This study used Cronbach Alpha test of internal consistency to test the reliability of the research instrument based on pilot data. The pilot study was carried out among 15 (10% of sample size) senior management personnel from Nairobi County. After obtaining the study questionnaires from the field, the researcher checked the completeness of the questionnaires after which the questionnaires were coded into Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. This study used both the descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Tables were used to present the study findings. The study found that internal controls, stakeholder management, organizational culture, and leadership accounts for 78.6% of the variability of financial performance of energy sector state corporations in Kenya. The study also found that internal controls, stakeholder management, organizational culture, and leadership have statistically significant influence on the financial performance of energy sector state corporations in Kenya. The internal controls were found to have greater influence on financial performance of energy sector state corporations followed by stakeholder management, organizational culture, and leadership. The study recommended that the energy sector state corporations ensure that there is there are adequate internal controls and that the frequency of internal audit be increased for effective monitoring of accounting and auditing operations. The energy sector state corporations should invest in updated systems for risk management and safeguarding of assets for protection against losses and depreciation of assets. Trainings to assist stakeholders identify their roles and responsibilities, to empower them towards their role in project sustainability should be conducted
Birthing Fake Journalism: Problematizing Online Fake Political Analyses during 2017 Electoral Period in Kenya
No full textFULL TEXTIn order to predict the future of African political environment, it is significant that we make
meaning of the fake journalism that disseminates propaganda that shapes the continent political
contours. Since in Africa, political trajectories determine the social and economic system, it is
arguably significant to pay attention to such functional political discourses. The study objective
was to examine the value of fake journalism exemplified by the fake political analyses
experienced in Kenya during the 2017 electoral process. Paying attention to the 2017 general
elections in Kenya, the research analyzes political propaganda from fake analysts targeting the
Jubilee party (for the incumbent regime) and National super alliance (NASA); (a coalition of
parties forming the country’s opposition). The study adopted the propaganda theory in
understanding the functions of the phenomenon. The researchers sampled 14 propaganda videos
uploaded on YouTube by fake analysts before, and after 2017 elections in Kenya. The videos
were transcribed and then analysed using critical interpretative approach where the literature,
theory, and propaganda video analyses experienced were compared and inferences drawn to
make meaning of the past, present and future implications for media, politics, and society. The
findings of the study indicate that fake analyses played a critical role in shaping the political
contours in Kenya as they disseminated ethno-politics and all its forms and manifestations such
as ethnic blocking, ethnic profiling, ethnic agenda setting, and hatred, just to mention a few.
These findings are significant to the government and alternative media regulators. The study
largely benefits the mainstream media who are supposed to be a voice to counter alternative
media propaganda with objective journalism.National Research Fun
Technological Advances That Enabled The Tugen To Adapt To The Physical Environment; A Historical Perspective.
No full textFULL TEXTEver since man evolved,he has continously manipulated the environment for his own survival
and the society at large. The physical environment has been crucial in man’s adaptation process
as it dictated what man should do and how he should live. Climate change on the other hand has
been a phenomena throughout history and man had to adapt to the changing climatic conditions.
With a climate change, new species emerge and older species dissapear necesitating man to
explore and come up with new techniques to cope with the change. We cannot control the
weather. In the 21st century one may ask why the past would bother them. Historically the past
activities shapes the future activities. Therefore, to built up history one has to start with the past.
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the historical technological advances which has
enabled the Tugen of baringo county, to adapt to the physical environment and understand the
importance of the indigenous technology in shaping the life of the Tugen. As the tugen were
therefore manipulating the environment for their survival through agricuture, hunting and
gathering, clothing etc they either encountered or created problems which also required to be
solved through continous technological innovations. The study was based on underdevelopment
theory by Walter Rodney. The environmental challenges of the 21st century arise from the
interaction of many different human activities.The multiple environmental problems in specific
locations such as global warming, land degradations and ozone depletion, call for new research
and management approaches.National Research Fun
EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON LOAN PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTERPRISE FUND IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF WOMEN GROUPS IN NAKURU TOWN SUB-COUNTY
No full textFULL TEXTWomen Enterprise Fund as any other credit business is exposed to credit risks. Credit advanced to women by WEF come along with credit risk challenges. How the fund has handled these risks challenges among women is not adequately researched compared to other enterprises or corporations. To the researcher knowledge, there is little documented study done on effect of credit risk management on loan performance of Women Enterprise Fund, much of the work done relating to credit risk management practices on financial performance of commercial banks and microfinance institutions creating a research gap. The objective of the study was to analyze effect of credit risk management practices on loan performance of Women Enterprise Fund in Kenya. More specifically, the study was to analyze loan appraisal procedure, loan recovery procedure, savings rate and interest rate on loan performance of Women Enterprise Fund in Kenya. The study adopted the following theories for the analysis of the objectives; financial economic theory, credit risk theory, adverse selection theory of credit, credit default theory and capital asset pricing theory. One limitation was adequacy of the sample size for generalization of results for the entire women groups in other Sub-Counties by funded WEF. The study delimited this challenge by using representative sample. The study adopted a quantitative longitudinal research design taking women groups funded by Women Enterprise Fund as the target population. The study collected primary data 99 women groups. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The findings from the study will inform the policies of the Women Enterprise Fund as government revolving funds on effect of credit risk management practices on loan performance and also broaden scholarship knowledge in the fields like Micro Finance, Developmental Finance and Economics. The study established that saving and lending rates contributed significantly towards loan performance index, this was because saving rate had P=0.0.047<0.05 and P=0.0.000<0.05 respectively indicating that the frequency of women groups savings and the lending rate by WEF contributed significantly towards loan performance index of Women Enterprise Fund Nakuru Town East
Pioneering Role of Kabaa Catholic Mission School in Kenyan Music Education
No full textFULL TEXTEvery existence has its pioneering pillars that give it the foundation on which it stands. This is no
exception to Kenyan Music Education. Kenyan Music Education as we know it today started as part of
the first educational institutions started by the Christian missionaries who came to the country either
from Europe or America as members of the two main Christian denominations: the Roman Catholic
and the Protestants. Kabaa Mission School has the privilege of being one of such first educational
institutions, started in 1924 just four years after Kenya became a colony in 1920. Kabaa mission school
was started by Father Michael J. Witte, a Dutch Catholic Holy Ghost Father. The school was set up for
children of African Roman Catholic Church converts to get their Western education which was seen as
the way to bring change to African natives. This was seen by the missionaries as the key to success; not
only for learners but also for their country. At the Mission school, like in other mission schools of the
time, learners generally passed through a deeply religious programme in which some became altar boys
and members of the school and church choirs. Students of Kabaa Mission School came from all over
the country. These students were exposed to, not only theory of Western music, but also to different
types of Western Musical Instruments. The students were encouraged to join and actively take part in
the school band and also learn from one another the musical skills they needed. As a result, Kabaa
produced some of the key persons who influenced the development of different types of music in the
country. The paper looks into the Pioneering Role of Kabaa Mission School in Kenyan Music
education with a view to document and avail information to scholars and other stakeholders.National Research Fun
EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ENERGY SECTOR STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTThis study aimedtoexamine theeffect of corporate governance on financial performance of Energy sector state corporations in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to examine the role of internal controls, stakeholder management, organizational culture and leadership on the financial performance of Energy sector state corporations in Kenya. Since the study sought to obtain its data from senior management team in charge of the various activities and departments in energy sector state corporations, the researcher expected the respondents to be too busy in their daily duties which could have prolonged data collection exercise this limited the study. The study was guided by agency theory, stakeholder’s theory and resource based theory. The target population for the study was a total of 154 senior management staff in the finance offices of the Kenya Power, Geothermal Development Company, and KenGen. This study used acensus to select respondents for this study. Data was obtained using structured questionnaires. To ascertain whether the research instrument was valid, the study used Content Validity Index based on responses given by five content experts in the subject matter who comprised of the research supervisor and four managers in theEnergy sector state corporations. This study used Cronbach Alpha test of internal consistency to test the reliability of the research instrument based on pilot data. The pilot study was carried out among 15 (10% of sample size) senior management personnel from Nairobi County. After obtaining the study questionnaires from the field, the researcher checked the completeness of the questionnaires after which the questionnaires were coded into Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. This study used both the descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Tables were used to present the study findings. The study found that internal controls, stakeholder management, organizational culture, and leadership accounts for 78.6% of the variability of financial performance of energy sector state corporations in Kenya. The study also found that internal controls, stakeholder management, organizational culture, and leadership have statistically significant influence on the financial performance of energy sector state corporations in Kenya. The internal controls were found to have greater influence on financial performance of energy sector state corporations followed by stakeholder management, organizational culture, and leadership. The study recommended that the energy sector state corporations ensure that there is there are adequate internal controls and that the frequency of internal audit be increasedfor effective monitoring of accounting and auditing operations. The energy sector state corporations should invest in updated systems for risk management and safeguarding of assets for protection against losses and depreciation of assets. Trainings to assist stakeholders identify their roles and responsibilities, to empower them towards their role in project sustainability should be conducted
Ab initio calculation of structural and electronic properties of 3c-Silicon Carbide: Density functional theory calculations
No full textFULL TEXTSilicon Carbide has become one of the promising materials that can be used for electronicand
optical applications. This is as a result of its superior properties among them structural, thermal,
chemical, electronic and mechanical. This work reports both the structural such as bond length,
lattice parameter and electronic properties of cubic Silicon Carbide (3C). The theoretical
calculations were carried out using an ab initio approach based on Density Functional Theory
framework using Ultrasoft pseudopotential as implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO computer
code. The lattice parameter was found to be overestimated by +0.66% when compared to the
experimental value of 8.24 Bohr while the bulk modulus was underestimated by 11.91%. Cubic
Silicon Carbide was found to have an indirect band gap of 1.34 eV between W and K and L and
W which is underestimated by the Density Functional Theory calculations.National Research Fun
EFFECT OF OPERATION RISK EXPOSURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERICAL BANKS IN KENYA
No full textFULL TEXTOperational risk is a fast emerging area in banking industry. Awareness of operational risk as a separate risk category has been relatively recent in most banks. It is therefore important to examine the effect of this risk on financial performance of the commercial banks. Unlike market, the operational risk factors are largely linked to internal policies and procedures of the bank. Operational risk in the banks come from different causes, including transaction and execution errors, fraud, improper business practices, product flaws, technology failures, employment discrimination, natural disasters. The Government of Kenya earmarked the banking sector as one of the key pillars to the achievement of vision 2030. Within the Medium Term Plan (2008-2012) under vision 2030, some of the target areas include development of a safe and reliable payments system that will ensure smooth transfer and settlement of funds between customers and banks as well as between banks. The aim of this study was to examine effect of operation risk exposure on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically the study examined effect of credit risk exposure, liquidity exposure, operation expenses exposure and operation efficiency exposure on performance of the licensed commercial banks in Kenya. The target population for the study comprised of 42 licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study used secondary panel data captured from the audited annual financial reports covering 2008 to 2017. The relationship between the operation risk exposure and banks performance was done using panel data regression analysis. The analyzed data was presented using tables and figures. First, the study established insignificant and also negative relationship between credit exposure and Return on Asset. An increase in 1 unit of credit exposure resulted into a decrease in Return on Asset by -4.0810. Second, the study established significant relationship between operating expense exposure and Return on Asset. An increase in 1 unit in operating expense exposure resulted into a decrease in Return on Asset by -9.2208. Third, the study established significant relationship between operating expense exposure and Return on Asset. An increase in 1 unit of operating efficiency exposure resulted into an increase in Return on Asset by .2115709. Four, the study established significant relationship between operating efficiency exposure and Return on Asset. An increase in 1 unit of operating efficiency exposure resulted into an increase in Return on Asset by .2115709. Five, the study established that when interest and inflation rates were introduced in the model, they affected the relationship between operating efficiency exposure with Return on Asset making it insignificant. Interest and inflation rates as macroeconomic factors made the bank to be more exposed making it difficult to streamline their operating efficiency making them more exposed to operational risk as far as their operating efficiency was concerned. This was supported operating efficiency exposure (0.053>0.05) which was an insignificant relationship with Return on Asset when interest and inflation rates were introduced compared to the relationship r=0.2115709, p=0.049<0.05 before the introduction of Interest and inflation rates as macroeconomic factors