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    748 research outputs found

    Personalised Trachea Stent Designer: a Knowledge Feature

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    Modelling of anatomical parts is usually tackled through triangulated models with specialised Bio-CAD applications. If features beyond anatomy are required, geometry is usually translated into NURBS geometry for further modification in parametric feature based design CAD systems. But, they remain quite unmanageable yet. The authors present, validate and implement into a knowledge feature a methodology that generates an anatomically personalised trachea stent based a point cloud data extracted from a Computerised Axial Tomography with an open-source medical data visualisation application

    Factor graph based detection approach for high-mobility OFDM systems with large FFT modes

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    In this article, a novel detector design is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over frequency selective and time varying channels. Namely, we focus on systems with large OFDM symbol lengths where design and complexity constraints have to be taken into account and many of the existing ICI reduction techniques can not be applied. We propose a factor graph (FG) based approach for maximum a posteriori (MAP) symbol detection which exploits the frequency diversity introduced by the ICI in the OFDM symbol. The proposed algorithm provides high diversity orders allowing to outperform the free-ICI performance in high-mobility scenarios with an inherent parallel structure suitable for large OFDM block sizes. The performance of the mentioned near-optimal detection strategy is analyzed over a general bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) system applying low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The inclusion of pilot symbols is also considered in order to analyze how they assist the detection process

    A comparative study of residual stress profiles on Inconel 718 induced by dry face turning

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    Residual stress profiles induced by different dry face turning conditions are compared employing X-ray diffraction method, Hole-Drilling method and Finite Element Modelling. It is well known that the surface integrity condition has a great influence on the machined parts fatigue life, specially the residual stress profile. This issue is important when machining aeronautical critical parts, even more due to the difficulty of machining of nickel based superalloys, such as Inconel 718. This research work is focused on the identification of the residual stress profile uncertainty of experimental and numerical measurements. For this proposal, several measurements were carried out on a set of Inconel 718 samples machined with different conditions of cutting speed and feed rate under dry conditions. Although residual stress profiles are similar, differences are found between the three measurement techniques used in this study

    Wear-related phenomena in advanced materials

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    The title of this editorial reflects an effort in creating a unique research forum, to harbor fundamental as well as review articles, meeting the forefront of this scientific field. The Guest Editors sought to attract articles on friction, wear, surface properties, and the development of sufficient procedures, to arrest wear progression as well as to indicate mechanisms to prolong the effectiveness of the implicated materials. In these terms it was exciting and rewarding to embrace related papers of scientists from around the world. The concept of wear-related phenomena in advanced materials, along with a short introduction on the subjects, addressed by the accepted papers, will be presented in the following paragraphs

    Lanki kuadernoak = Cuadernos Lanki ; 4

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    ¿Cómo leer el mundo contemporáneo? ¿Cuáles son sus características más reseñables? ¿A dónde nos dirige? La civilización industrial ha mejorado la vida de millones de seres humanos y los ha provisto de unos estándares de vida inimaginables antes de la era industrial. Al mismo tiempo ha procurado un aumento enorme de la capacidad de destrucción bélica, también de las desigualdades, y una presión cada vez mayor sobre los distintos ecosistemas, los recursos naturales y el conjunto de la biosfera. El edificio moderno-industrial ha ido mostrando, paulatinamente, profundas grietas en sus mismos cimientos. La humanidad enfrenta riesgos y desafíos sin precedentes, y la causa es bien conocida: la insostenibilidad de los modos de vida que están en la base de la civilización moderna. Dicho de otro modo: la contradicción fundamental entre la finitud de la biosfera y la continua expansión de nuestro metabolismo socioeconómico. Estas líneas pretenden realizar una síntesis de las grandes cuestiones que inciden en el mundo actual y serán claves en el futuro: energía, cambio climático, biodiversidad, desigualdades socioeconómicas, inseguridad alimentaria, diversidad lingüístico-cultural, o demografía. Hemos intentado salpicar la mirada global con algunos datos y perspectivas más centradas en el entorno vasco. En lo que respecta a la tonalidad emotiva, hemos querido huir tanto del catastrofismo como del optimismo naïve (especialmente tecnológico), centrándonos en el rigor de los datos conocidos y la reflexión constructiv

    Higher harmonics compensation in grid-connected PWM converters for renewable energy interface and active filtering

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    The paper presents overview of high-order harmonics compensation methods applied for control of grid-connected converter. Two harmonic compensation methods are presented. One based on band-pass filers cooperating with Direct Power Control with Space Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM) is dedicated for renewable energy interface. Second method based on resonant controllers applied in Voltage Oriented Control (VOC) adds an active filtering function to PWM rectifier. Simulation and preliminary experimental results for these two methods are presented

    Lanki kuadernoak = Cuadernos Lanki ; 5

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    ¿Cómo salir del atolladero y avanzar en la dirección sostenible? ¿Cuáles son los puntos de partida fundamentales? Hoy nadie está en contra de la ecología, pocos alzarían la voz contra la equidad, todos hablan de sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, la insostenibilidad del actual modelo de desarrollo es cada día más patente, más cuantificable, y por ello más inquietante. En efecto, a pesar del creciente conocimiento científico sobre los problemas socio-ecológicos y sus graves implicaciones, del incremento de la conciencia ciudadana, y de la puesta en marcha de determinadas políticas medioambientales, las tendencias insostenibles no han empezado a invertirse. Además, la crisis económica empuja a los países a redoblar esfuerzos por aumentar sus tasas de crecimiento económico, competitividad y productividad. El mundo parece incluso más ajeno a la situación de emergencia global que enfrentamos como causa de colosales fenómenos como el cambio climático, la crisis energética, o el agotamiento progresivo de todo tipo de recursos. Después de un primer texto que lanza un breve diagnóstico sobre la actual situación planetaria, este segundo texto pretende dirigir su mirada hacia las posibles salidas. El objetivo de estas líneas es aportar algunos elementos de reflexión para la confección y divulgación del mapa básico de conocimientos, saberes y prácticas que puedan orientar a nuestras sociedades en la dirección sostenible. Es decir, en la dirección sensata y razonable. Desde la perspectiva de que hoy mantener el statu quo supone no proteger las bases de la vida en el futuro

    Analysis of different inhibitors for magnesium investment casting

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    Investment casting of magnesium is a well suited process for the production of aeronautic and automotive components. But still, this process has not been properly developed. One reason for that are the reactions between the Mg melt and the ceramics of the mould that produce a non-desired oxide layer on the part surface. These reactions can be inhibited by the use of silica-free slurries with a higher stability than conventional ones. Another way is using inhibitors, chemical compounds based in fluorides that react with the melt, creating a protective surface layer in the casting. With the aim of developing a reaction-free process, alumina moulds with a stepped geometry have been constructed. These provide different interface conditions. Conventional SF6, non-conventional KBF4 and NaBF4, and environmentally friendly FK inhibitors have been tested on. As a result, KBF4 has been identified as the most suitable inhibitor for magnesium investment casting. Furthermore, the analysis of the cooling curve of different interfaces has provided essential information about the reaction mechanism of the inhibitors

    Optimized methodology for the wear simulation of metallic materials

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    The wear simulation with finite element method (FEM) presents great advantages for the improvement of components, because of the reduction in the cost in comparison to the experimental procedure (test time, materials, tribological measurements). In the case of wire rope optimization, where one of the great problems is wear due to fretting in cylinder-cylinder contact points, this method could be efficient. Nevertheless, the wear simulation results in a complex methodology: on the one hand is needed to solve the contact problem and on the other hand the introduction of the wear model. For this reason, this methodology results in high computational time consuming. Consequently an efficient methodology for the optimization of the model, in terms of the reduction of computational time, is presented in this work for a block-on-ring system. Finally a variable wear speed factor and auto-fitting with respect to the evolution of maximum contact pressure and with respect to the maximum limit wear increment is introduced. This is necessary, in systems where high amount of wear is presented with a reduction of 87 % in computational time and an error of less than 1 %.La simulación del desgaste mediante el Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) es una técnica que presenta grandes ventajas para la mejora del diseño de componentes ya que permite reducir el coste que conlleva la experimentación (tiempo de ensayo, materiales, medidas tribológicas). En el caso concreto de la optimización de sistemas multihilo sometidos a fretting, como es el caso de los cables metálicos donde se dan contactos cilindro-cilindro, este método puede resultar especialmente eficiente. Sin embargo, la simulación del desgaste resulta una técnica compleja ya que consta de dos núcleos importantes: por un lado, la resolución del contacto y, por otro, la introducción del modelo de desgaste, requiriendo, para ello, de un coste computacional muy importante. Por ello, en este trabajo se define una metodología a seguir con el fin de optimizar el modelo, en términos de tiempo computacional, para un sistema bloque-cilindro. La metodología definida sería aplicable a todos los modelos de desgaste, de geometrías más complejas. Finalmente, se introduce una técnica que consiste en la introducción de un acelerador de desgaste variable y autoajustable, teniendo en cuenta la evolución de la presión máxima de desgaste y el incremento umbral de desgaste. Esta técnica resulta indispensable en cuerpos sometidos a grandes desgastes, reduciendo el tiempo computacional en un 87 % y un error inferior al 1 %

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