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Formación reflexiva del profesorado, clave para la innovación educativa
Full text linkHace años que comenzamos a trabajar en el ámbito de la formación del profesorado,
tanto en formación inicial como permanente. Y basándonos en el resultado de
nuestras investigaciones, también hemos ofrecido asesoramiento a los centros
educativos. Eso nos ha llevado progresivamente a estrechar nuestra relación con los
centros, y, finalmente, a fomentar la colaboración entre la escuela y la universidad.
Sabemos que tradicionalmente y desde ciertas perspectivas, se ha considerado que
había una enorme distancia entre los intereses, los estilos, las demandas y las
características de la escuela y de la universidad. Se entendía que, por un lado, estaba
la academia y la investigación académica; y, por otro, la realidad, la práctica. Desde
nuestro punto de vista, sin embargo, vemos posible otro tipo de relación y de
colaboración. Nos parece necesario reducir el abismo entre la «teoría y la práctica»,
para lo que proponemos colaborar y aprender unas personas de otras, trabajar la
complicidad con el profesorado de las escuelas, enriquecer conjuntamente los
procesos de aprendizaje y de enseñanza y generar, a través del trabajo conjunto,
nuevos conocimientos pedagógicos y didácticos. Para ello, evidentemente, debemos
reconocernos mutuamente los conocimientos y responsabilidades que tenemos, y, al
mismo tiempo, crear y cuidar el contexto que propicie esa complicidad y esos
procesos. Nos enfrentamos a una sociedad cambiante e inestable, que requiere una
educación que ayude a transformarla. Por eso, deseamos formar a personas que
afronten dicha sociedad con mirada consciente y crítica, que tengan capacidad de
adaptación y que desempeñen su trabajo de manera colectiva y con espíritu
cooperativo. La colaboración entre la escuela y la universidad es fundamental para
transformar la educación y, por ende, la comunidad, la sociedad.
5
Este trabajo recoge el marco que el grupo de investigación MIKER de Mondragon Unibertsitatea ha construido, con su experiencia, en los últimos 15 años. En ese
período de tiempo, hemos trabajado con más de cien centros educativos e
instituciones, tomando como eje el tema del aprendizaje y la enseñanza de las
lenguas. Como resultado de dicho trabajo, el grupo de investigación ha creado el
modelo formativo que presentamos en este libro
Disposition toward critical thinking and creative confidence beliefs in higher education students: The mediating role of openness to diversity and challenge
Full text linkCreative thinking and critical thinking are complementary cognitive processes that are important
for dealing with complex challenges. The primary aim of this study was to examine the mediating
role of openness to diversity and challenge in the relationship between disposition toward critical
thinking and creative confidence beliefs in higher education students. Participants were 1,627
students from two universities in Spain (Mondragon Unibertsitatea and Florida Universit`aria),
ranging in age from 17 to 44 years (Mage = 20.35, SD = 2.62; 53.05% female). Results showed not
only a direct, positive relationship between critical thinking disposition and students’ creative
confidence beliefs but also that this relationship was mediated by openness to diversity and
challenge. Thus, those students more disposed toward critical thinking are also more open to
diversity and challenge and have a stronger creative self-concept. These results highlight the
importance of enhancing students’ disposition to use critical thinking so as to strengthen their
creative self-concept. Higher education institutions also need to develop teaching strategies and
contexts that promote students’ openness to diversity and challenge as a step towards their
becoming active and responsible citizens
Spectrum-based feature localization for families of systems
Full text linkIn large code bases, locating the elements that implement concrete features of a system is challenging. This information is paramount for maintenance and evolution tasks, although not always explicitly available. In this work, motivated by the needs of locating features as a first step for feature-based Software Product Line adoption, we propose a solution for improving the performance of existing approaches. For this, relying on an automatic feature localization approach to locate features in single-systems, we propose approaches to deal with feature localization in the context of families of systems, e.g., variants created through opportunistic reuse such as clone-and-own. Our feature localization approaches are built on top of Spectrum-based feature localization (SBFL) techniques, supporting both dynamic feature localization (i.e., using execution traces as input) and static feature localization (i.e., relying on the structural decomposition of the variants’ implementation). Concretely, we provide (i) a characterization of different settings for dynamic SBFL in single systems, (ii) an approach to improve accuracy of dynamic SBFL for families of systems, and (iii) an approach to use SBFL as a static feature localization technique for families of systems. The proposed approaches are evaluated using the consolidated ArgoUML SPL feature localization benchmark. The results suggest that some settings of SBFL favor precision such as using the ranking metrics Wong2, Ochiai2, or Tarantula with high threshold values, while most of the ranking metrics with low thresholds favor recall. The approach to use information from variants increase the precision of dynamic SBFL while maintaining recall even with few number of variants, namely two or three. Finally, the static SBFL approach performs equally in terms of accuracy to other state-of-the-art approaches, such as Formal Concept Analysis and Interdependent Elements
Some Seeds are Strong : Seeding Strategies for Search-based Test Case Selection
Full text linkThe time it takes software systems to be tested is usually long. Search-based test selection has been a widely investigated technique to optimize the testing process. In this paper, we propose a set of seeding strategies for the test case selection problem that generate the initial population of pareto-based multi-objective algorithms, with the goals of (1) helping to find an overall better set of solutions and (2) enhancing the convergence of the algorithms. The seeding strategies were integrated with four state-of-the-art multi-objective search algorithms and applied into two contexts where regression-testing is paramount: (1) Simulation-based testing of Cyber-Physical Systems and (2) Continuous Integration. For the first context, we evaluated our approach by using six fitness function combinations and six independent case studies, whereas in the second context we derived a total of six fitness function combinations and employed four case studies. Our evaluation suggests that some of the proposed seeding strategies are indeed helpful for solving the multi-objective test case selection problem. Specifically, the proposed seeding strategies provided a higher convergence of the algorithms towards optimal solutions in 96% of the studied scenarios and an overall cost-effectiveness with a standard search budget in 85% of the studied scenarios
Geometric Variability in Parametric 3D Models: Implications for Engineering Design
Full text linkModern manufacturing companies operate in environments characterized by increasingly shorter development cycles and the need to develop highly customizable products at competitive prices. In this paper, we examine the role of parametric 3D modeling in the product development process, and highlight the importance of robustness, flexibility, and responsiveness to geometric variations, which are particularly relevant in the context of the Model-Based Enterprise (MBE). We discuss the often-inefficient parametric 3D modeling practices used in industry, their root causes and implications, and identify the detrimental effects of low-quality models on engineering design activities, specifically design changes during development, generative design algorithms, design optimization, simulation, product/part family configuration, AI-based parametric modeling, Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE), and parametric and adaptive encryption. Finally, we present future lines of research aimed at increasing the quality of parametric models
Implementation of a holistic digital twin solution for design prototyping and virtual commissioning
Full text linkIndustry 4.0 has ushered in a new era of digital manufacturing and in this context, digital twins are considered as the next wave of simulation technologies. The development and commissioning of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is taking advantage of these technologies to improve product quality while reducing costs and time to market. However, existing practices of virtual design prototyping and commissioning require the cooperation of domain specific engineering fields. This involves considerable effort as development is mostly carried out in different departments using vendor specific simulation tools. There is still no integrated simulation environment commercially available, in which all engineering disciplines can work collaboratively. This presents a major challenge when interlinking virtual models with their physical counterparts. This paper therefore addresses these challenges by implementing a holistic and vendor agnostic digital twin solution for design prototyping and commissioning practices. The solution was tested in an industrial use case, in which the digital twin effectively prototyped cost-efficient solar assembly lines
Una aproximación conceptual para la definición de la mediación digital consensuada en edades tempranas
No full textAnte la creciente tendencia del uso de las tecnologías digitales en la primera infancia y la falta de claridad entre la comunidad científica, son cada vez más las personas, agentes e instituciones alarmadas por cómo su uso infiere tanto positiva como negativamente en el desarrollo y aprendizaje del menor. Con el fin de hallar las carencias, potencialidades o controversias sobre el uso de las pantallas de 0 a 6 años, el presente artículo realiza una primera aproximación epistemológica sobre la integración de las tecnologías digitales en edades tempranas y las tendencias de mediación digital en el contexto familiar y educativo. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de una revisión sistematizada que permite profundizar en la relación entre la primera infancia y el uso de las pantallas, y así facilitar la detección de posibles investigaciones emergentes para promover una crianza digital consensuada
Reflection through Diffraction: Interdisciplinarity in Energy Science
Full text linkTo address the complexities associated with transitioning towards sustainable energy solutions, there are increasing demands to employ interdisciplinary approaches. However, these still represent a minority of research projects. This is due to the well-known understanding that researchers’ skills and methods are largely anchored within their nested disciplines, and to be working in an interdisciplinary manner would require reading and understanding each other’s disciplinary ‘language’ in order to consider how different fields can work together towards joint solutions. This article presents a structured approach by early career researchers to learn about different disciplines’ epistemological and ontological assumptions through the material engagement of each other disciplines. It includes a joint production of an annotated bibliography, followed by a cogenerative dialogue to unpack each other’s knowledge acquired in practice through agency and not merely observation. Theoretically, the approach is underpinned by theories proposed, amongst others, by Karen Barad, who advocates diffractive readings of each other’s fields to explore the relations between the social and the scientific
Heart-brain synchronization breakdown in Parkinson’s disease
Full text linkHeart rate variability (HRV) abnormalities are potential early biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but their relationship with central autonomic network (CAN) activity is not fully understood. We analyzed the synchronization between HRV and brain activity in 31 PD patients and 21 age-matched healthy controls using blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals from resting-state functional brain MRI and HRV metrics from finger plethysmography recorded for 7.40 min. We additionally quantified autonomic symptoms (SCOPA-AUT) and objective autonomic cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) during deep breathing, Valsalva, and head-up tilt, which were used to classify the clinical severity of dysautonomia. We evaluated HRV and BOLD signals synchronization (HRV-BOLD-sync) with Pearson lagged cross-correlations and Fisher’s statistics for combining window-length-dependent HRV-BOLD-Sync Maps and assessed their association with clinical dysautonomia. HRV-BOLD-sync was lower significantly in PD than in controls in various brain regions within CAN or in networks involved in autonomic modulation. Moreover, heart-brain synchronization index (HBSI), which quantifies heart-brain synchronization at a single-subject level, showed an inverse exposure–response relationship with dysautonomia severity, finding the lowest HBSI in patients with severe dysautonomia, followed by moderate, mild, and, lastly, controls. Importantly, HBSI was associated in PD, but not in controls, with Valsalva pressure recovery time (sympathetic), deep breathing E/I ratio (cardiovagal), and SCOPA-AUT. Our findings support the existence of heart-brain de-synchronization in PD with an impact on clinically relevant autonomic outcomes
Designing for Shape Memory in Additive Manufacturing of Cu–Al–Ni Shape Memory Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Full text linkShape memory alloys (SMAs) are functional materials that are being applied in practically all industries, from aerospace to biomedical sectors, and at present the scientific and technologic communities are looking to gain the advantages offered by the new processing technologies of additive manufacturing (AM). However, the use of AM to produce functional materials, like SMAs, constitutes a real challenge due to the particularly well controlled microstructure required to exhibit the functional property of shape memory. In the present work, the design of the complete AM processing route, from powder atomization to laser powder bed fusion for AM and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), is approached for Cu–Al–Ni SMAs. The microstructure of the different processing states is characterized in relationship with the processing parameters. The thermal martensitic transformation, responsible for the functional properties, is analyzed in a comparative way for each one of the different processed samples. The present results demonstrate that a final post–processing thermal treatment to control the microstructure is crucial to obtain the expected functional properties. Finally, it is demonstrated that using the designed processing route of laser powder bed fusion followed by a post–processing HIP and a final specific thermal treatment, a satisfactory shape memory behavior can be obtained in Cu–Al–Ni SMAs, paving the road for further applications