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Solid Dispersions as a Tool for Innovation in the Food Industry: A Path From Pharma to Food
No full textSolid dispersion (SD) is a technique used to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds by dispersing them in a solid water-friendly carrier. Current trends indicate that natural-based alternatives are increasingly replacing synthetic carriers, benefiting the pharmaceutical industry, where they were first adopted, and paving the way for broader use in nutraceuticals and food applications, as regulations and consumer preferences drive the adoption of eco-friendly alternatives. In the food industry, SDs can address key challenges, such as enhancing water compatibility and stabilizing sensitive compounds, thereby facilitating the effective use of natural-based ingredients. Exploring natural carriers enables SDs to align with food industry priorities, enabling the development of functional ingredients, stable natural colorants, products with increased flavor retention, innovative packaging materials, and healthier, structured food analogues through Pickering emulsion technology. In this context, the review examines the path of SDs from pharma to food, beginning with a detailed examination of SD systems using both synthetic and natural carriers across the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food sectors. The review concludes with an in-depth discussion of emerging applications in the food industry, highlighting the potential of SDs to address formulation challenges and to foster sustainable, consumer-oriented innovations in modern food systems. To advance SD applications in food systems, future research should integrate sensory evaluation and address technical, regulatory, and formulation-performance gaps to ensure consumer-acceptable, high-quality innovations.This work was financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P./MECI through national funds: CIMO UID/00690/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/00690/2025) and UID/PRR/00690/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/PRR/00690/2025); SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020); LSRE-LCM, UID/50020/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/50020/2025); and ALiCE,LA/P/0045/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020). Stephany Cunhade Rezende acknowledges her FCT individual research grant (DOI:10.54499/SFRH/BD/147326/2019), and Arantzazu Santamaria-Echarther institutional scientific employment program contract (DOI:10.54499/2022.00798.CEECIND/CP1733/CT0009). Financial support byPromove Programme through Fundação “La Caixa,” in collaborationwith the BPI and FCT, under the project Naturing is also acknowledged.Open access publication funding provided by FCT (b-on)
The food (r)evolution: innovations for food quality, safety, and sustainability
No full textThe growing interest in sustainable foods is driving the use of underutilized sources such as macroalgae, agri-food by-products, acorns, and edible insects, combined with advanced extraction, processing, and preservation technologies. These approaches enable the development of functional foods and innovative ingredients, improve shelf life, nutritional value, and functionality, reduce waste and environmental impact, and promote global food security.This work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO UID/00690/2025 (10.54499/UID/00690/2025) and UID/PRR/00690/2025 (10.54499/UID/PRR/00690/2025); SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Integrated experimental, process simulation, and techno-economic assessment of biogas upgrading via pressure/vacuum swing adsorption
Full text linkThis study presents an integrated approach in biogas upgrading technology through the development and optimization of a shaped MIL-160(Al)-based pressure/vacuum swing adsorption (PSA/VPSA) system. Combining detailed experimental investigations with comprehensive process modeling and techno-economic analysis, we demonstrate a complete pathway from fundamental dynamic adsorption to industrial implementation. Breakthrough tests reveal notable CO2/CH2 separation performance with shaped MIL-160(Al), while 23 cyclic PSA experiments achieved over 90 % methane purity. Advanced process modeling, validated with less than 5 % deviation from experimental data, enables successful scale-up to industrial VPSA configurations, where 38 distinct cases were evaluated to identify an optimal system producing 99.81 % pipeline-quality biomethane with 92.6 % recovery. Our holistic techno-economic assessment reveals the system's acceptable economic viability, with the total capital expenditure (CapEx) of $14.33 million. Accordingly, this work provides clear methodological insights that strengthen the understanding of MIL-160(Al)-based PSA/VPSA process and support its potential application for biogas upgrading.This work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO UID/00690/2025 (10.54499/UID/00690/2025) and UID/PRR/00690/2025 (10.54499/UID/PRR/00690/2025); SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020)10.54499/UID/00690/202510.54499/UID/PRR/00690/202510.54499/LA/P/0007/2020Authors also would like to acknowledge Christian Serre and Farid Nouar from Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, ESPCI Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France, for providing the MOF MIL-160(Al) samples
Comparison of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding approaches for the authentication of herbal infusions in the Portuguese market
Full text linkThe authentication of commercial herbal products such as herbal teas and infusions is essential to ensure consumer safety and product integrity. In this study, 100 commercial herbal infusions, including 94 single-species products and six polyherbal formulations, were analysed using DNA barcoding (matK and rbcL) and ITS2 metabarcoding. Moreover, the performance of two custom reference databases (NCBI and BOLD) was compared in ITS2 metabarcoding. DNA extraction was successful for 94 samples, while six single-species products failed to amplify any of the tested barcodes. Among the 88 remaining single-species samples, ITS2 showed the highest amplification success (100 %), outperforming the barcodes rbcL (94 %) and matK (84 %). Sanger sequencing confirmed the labelled species in 69.3 % of cases with rbcL and 48.9 % with matK. While 63 samples would be considered authentic solely based on barcoding (i.e., if either rbcL or matK matched the label), ITS2 metabarcoding revealed that many of these contained additional undeclared species, indicating that barcoding alone overestimated product authenticity. Of the 85 samples successfully analysed by ITS2 metabarcoding, only 27 (32 %) fully matched their label, while 58 (68 %) contained either additional undeclared species or complete substitutions. Several products contained undeclared species in significant proportions, indicating potential economic adulteration. Analysis of mock-mixtures demonstrated that ITS2 metabarcoding can approximate ingredient proportions, though recovery bias may occur. Overall, the results revealed (i) the importance of curated and comprehensive databases, with a higher number of species being identified by NCBI database, (ii) the superior sensitivity of ITS2 metabarcoding, and (iii) the widespread mislabelling in commercial herbal products.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through the project “POIROT: novel methods and approaches for detecting the illegal addition of Pharmaceutical drugs and bOtanIcal adulteRatiOn in plant food supplements” (PTDC/SAU-PUB/3803/2021, DOI: 10.54499/PTDC/SAU-PUB/3803/2021) and through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 0.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020). M. Honrado and A. Quaresma acknowledge the Ph.D. scholarship from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT 2021.08119.BD and 2020.05155.BD, respectively). The authors are thankful to Jardim Botânico d’Ajuda (Lisbon), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil), and Herbário da Universidade de Coimbra for supplying vouchers of plant species
Anthropogenic Barriers Limit Fish Access to Essential Habitats in the Amazon in the Face of Climate Change
Full text linkBarriers represent one of the greatest threats to river integrity and freshwater fish, as they fragment habitats and impair species dispersal, particularly in a scenario of climate change. In this context, we applied a novel framework that combined predictions of species distribution models with a river connectivity index to identify accessible and climatic‐environmental suitable habitats for frugivorous and socioeconomically important fish in the Amazon basin. We also ranked dams based on their potential for river fragmentation and blocking access to climate refuge for fish species that provide essential ecosystem functions and services in the Amazon. Our results revealed that there are still extensive areas that remain both connected and climatic‐environmentally suitable along the Amazon‐Solimões rivers, acting as core areas for fish dispersal and tracking suitable habitats. However, the planned expansion of hydropower infrastructure combined with climate change can lead to a contraction of areas that will remain simultaneously climatic‐environmental suitable and connected. By identifying and ranking the most impactful barriers, our results can provide innovative and applicable information for sustainable energy planning decisions in the Amazon. These results can inform policies and conservation actions aimed at preserving river connectivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services under rapidly changing conditions.The research was funded by the ForestFisher project: “Priority areasfor conservation and restoration of Amazonian forest-frugivorousfish interactions and associated fisheries” through the 2020–2021Biodiversa and Water Joint Programming Initiatives (JPI) joint callfor research projects, under the BiodivRestore European ResearchArea Network (ERA-NET) Cofund (GA no 101003777), with theEuropean Union and the funding organizations: Agence Nationale dela Recherche (ANR, France), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(FCT, Portugal), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany),Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM,Brazil), and Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciênciae Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT, Brazil—Process 71/001.913/2022). National funding (Portugal) was providedby FCT through a project grant of KYY. National funding (Brazil)was provided by the Fundação Araucária for the postdoctoral fellow-ship of TMCF and LFE, and by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamentode Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the postgraduate fellowshipof BHMS. This research was partially supported by national funds(Portugal) through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020(DOI:10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020(DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020)
Integrating digital technologies in education: TPACK and MITICA approaches in the context of limited resources
No full textThe integration of digital technologies into teaching is a central theme for modernizing education and promoting digital inclusion in developing country contexts. In Cape Verde, efforts have been made to incorporate technologies into secondary schools, in an effort to align teaching with the demands of the digital society. The research analyzes the integration of these technologies in the context of Cape Verde, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for teachers and students in the period from 2017 to 2026. A qualitative approach was used, with a literature review and analysis of national education plans and reports. The aim is to analyze how these technologies are being integrated into secondary education in the context of limited resources. The main results indicate that challenges such as limited infrastructure, resistance to change and gaps in teacher training jeopardize progress. However, opportunities emerge from public policies and international partnerships that foster improvements in infrastructure and teacher training. The application of the TPACK and MITICA models is discussed as a potential strategy to overcome the challenges.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Research Center in Basic Education with reference UIDB/05777/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05777/2020)
Sistemas Agroflorestais na Política Agrícola Comum: Análise das Perceções no Setor Agrário de Trás-os- Montes
No full textA silvopastorícia é uma prática ancestral de uso do território que combina produção
animal extensiva com produção florestal. Este modelo de uso do território proporciona
benefícios económicos e ambientais de elevado valor, nos quais se incluem a conservação
da biodiversidade, sequestro de carbono e redução do risco de incêndio.
No entanto, ao longo dos anos, a silvopastorícia tem perdido importância e adeptos,
ameaçando tanto sua continuidade quanto os serviços que oferece. Este estudo tem como
objetivo compreender a perceção das pessoas envolvidas no setor agrícola de Trás-os-
Montes em relação à prática silvopastoril, visando identificar e enfrentar as dificuldades
que encontram na implementação de sistemas silvopastoris e incentivar a sua adoção.
Neste trabalho realizaram-se 60 inquéritos anónimos relativos ao conhecimento da
atividade silvopastoril, a agentes do setor em vários concelhos da região de Trás-os-
Montes. O inquérito foi desenhado pela equipa coordenadora do projeto SILFORE e
aplicado às 4 regiões que integram o projeto (País Basco, Astúrias, Galiza e Trás-os-
Montes). No nosso caso os 60 inquéritos foram aplicados a 4 grupos-alvo,
Produtores/Técnicos Produção Animal, Produtores/Técnicos produção florestal,
Conservação da Natureza e Outros, inclui pessoas diversificadas da sociedade civil
Os resultados mostraram que os inquiridos destacam o interesse da silvopastorícia na
prevenção de incêndios, na conservação da biodiversidade e na promoção de uma gestão
sustentável dos recursos naturais. A sua aplicação em áreas de floresta adulta e zonas de
elevada biomassa é amplamente reconhecida pelos inquiridos, que consideram estas áreas
como as mais adequadas para a sua implementação. Por outro lado, fatores como a falta
de apoio técnico, a pouca rentabilidade económica e o desconhecimento de projetos de
investigação na área têm contribuído para o seu reduzido uso. Outro aspeto relevante que
emerge desta investigação é a valorização das raças autóctones, que estão intimamente
ligadas à prática da silvopastorícia e que, com o declínio desta prática, enfrentam
igualmente desafios de preservação. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciam, ainda a
necessidade de uma transformação no modelo de gestão dos territórios rurais, no que
respeita a criação de meios de apoio aos produtores que pratiquem a silvopastorícia. O
futuro da silvopastorícia em Trás-os-Montes, dependerá não só da sua capacidade de
adaptação aos desafios modernos, sobretudo por parte dos produtores, mas também do
reconhecimento do seu papel dos serviços, pela sociedade e, da vontade política para
desenvolver e valorizar esta atividade.Silvopastoralism is an ancestral land-use practice that combines extensive animal
production with forestry. This land-use model provides high-value economic and
environmental benefits, including biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and
wildfire risk reduction.
However, over the years, silvopastoralism has lost importance and practitioners,
threatening both its continuity and the ecosystem services it provides. This study aims to
understand the perceptions of individuals involved in the agricultural sector of Trás-os-
Montes regarding silvopastoral practices, identifying and addressing the challenges they
face in implementing silvopastoral systems and promoting their adoption.
In this study, 60 anonymous surveys were conducted to assess the knowledge of
silvopastoral activities among stakeholders from various municipalities in the Trás-os-
Montes region. The survey was designed by the coordinating team of the SILFORE
project and applied across the four regions involved in the project (Basque Country,
Asturias, Galicia, and Trás-os-Montes). In our case, the 60 surveys targeted four key
groups: Producers/Animal Production Technicians, Producers/Forestry Technicians,
Nature Conservation professionals, and others, including diverse members of civil
society.
The results showed that respondents emphasized the relevance of silvopastoralism in
wildfire prevention, biodiversity conservation, and the promotion of sustainable natural
resource management. Its application in mature forest areas and regions with high
biomass is widely recognized by respondents, who consider these areas the most suitable
for its implementation. On the other hand, factors such as the lack of technical support,
low economic profitability, and limited awareness of research projects in the field have
contributed to its reduced use. Another significant aspect that emerged from this research
is the valorization of autochthonous breeds, which are closely tied to silvopastoral
practices and face preservation challenges as these practices decline.
The findings of this study also highlight the need for a transformation in rural territory
management models, particularly through the creation of support mechanisms for
producers practicing silvopastoralism. The future of silvopastoralism in Trás-os-Montes
will depend not only on its ability to adapt to modern challenges, particularly by
producers, but also on societal recognition of its ecosystem services and the political will
to develop and enhance this activity.Esta investigação foi financiada por fundos europeus através do programa Life, no âmbito
do projeto SILFORE — Towards the conservation and management of resilient
agroforestry systems through silvopastoralism (Project 101074445 — LIFE21-CCA-ES-
LIFE SILFORE
Otimização de parâmetros para o processo de fabrico FDM
No full textMestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais – CEFETO processo de impressão 3D, atualmente, vem sendo muito utilizada, pois sua versatilidade permite que essa tecnologia seja aplicada em diversos setores. A correta seleção dos parâmetros de impressão 3D é muito importante para que se tenha uma boa qualidade no produto final, garantindo uma boa eficiência no processo. O objetivo deste trabalho é otimizar os parâmetros de impressão 3D, de dois materiais, PLA e PETG, para uma determinada qualidade final. Neste trabalho os parâmetros analisados foram a porcentagem de preenchimento, a espessura de camada, a temperatura de impressão e o tipo de preenchimento. As características estudadas foram as tensões de tração e de flexão. Para esta otimização foram utilizados três métodos. O método de Taguchi para a seleção das matrizes ortogonais que
possibilitam o estudo dos fatores escolhidos com um número reduzido de experimentos, diminuindo tanto o custo quanto o tempo necessário para a realização dos testes. Para este trabalho, foi utilizada a matriz L16, com quatro parâmetros de dois níveis cada. O segundo método utilizado foi a Análise Relacional de Grey, que combina o resultado de várias respostas, neste caso, foram as respostas para os ensaios de tração e de flexão, em apenas um único valor, que é o Grau Relacional de Grey. Por último, foi utilizado o método de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) para avaliar a porcentagem de influência de cada parâmetro nos resultados. A
combinação ideal obtida para as análises realizadas foi: porcentagem de preenchimento 100%, temperatura de impressão 215 ºC, espessura de camada de 0,1 mm e tipo de preenchimento zigue-zague para o PLA, e para o PETG a combinação foi a de porcentagem de preenchimento 100%, temperatura de impressão 235 ºC, espessura de camada de 0,1 mm e tipo de preenchimento zigue-zague. As amostras que possuíam essa combinação de parâmetros possuíam o valor de Grau Relacional de Grey 54,84% maior do que a média, para o PLA, e 66,75%, para o PETG.The 3D printing process, currently, has been widely used, because its versatility allows this technology to be applied in several sectors. The correct selection of 3D printing parameters is very important to have a good quality in the final product, ensuring good efficiency in the process. The objective of this work is to optimize the 3D printing parameters of two materials, PLA and PETG, for a certain final quality. In this work the parameters analyzed were the percentage of filling, the layer thickness, the printing temperature and the type of filling. The characteristics studied were the tensile and bending stresses. For this optimization, three
methods were used. The Taguchi method for the selection of orthogonal matrices that allow the study of the factors chosen with a reduced number of experiments, reducing both the cost and the time required to perform the tests. For this work, the matrix L16 was used, with four parameters of two levels each. The second method used was the Grey Relational Analysis, which combines the result of several responses, in this case were the responses to the tensile and bending tests, in only one value, which is the Grey Relational Degree. Finally, the method of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the percentage of influence of each parameter in the results. The ideal combination obtained for the analyzes was: percentage of 100% filling, printing temperature 215 ºC, layer thickness of 0.1 mm and type of zig-zag filling
for the PLA, and for the PETG the combination was the percentage of 100% filling, Printing temperature 235 ºC, layer thickness of 0.1 mm and type of zig-zag filling. The samples that had this combination of parameters had the value of Relational Degree of Grey 54.84% higher than the average for PLA and 66.75% for PETG
Separation of methane and hydrogen in a 3D-printed porous carbon monolith
No full textMestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais – CEFET-MGThe efficient separation of methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) is a key challenge in industrial processes such as steam methane reforming (SMR), which is the primary technology used for hydrogen production; however, the generated gas contains impurities such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and unreacted methane, which must be removed to ensure high-purity H2. The separation of these gases is commonly performed through pressure swing adsorption (PSA) using adsorbent materials such as zeolites (e.g., zeolite 13X) and activated carbons. However, these adsorbents often present challenges, including high pressure drop and limited control over pore structure.
In this context, this study investigates a 3D-printed porous carbon monolith with tetragonal cubic centred unit cells, designed to maximize CH4 selectivity over H2 while reducing pressure drop due to its highly controllable structural design. The material was characterized using fixed-bed adsorption experiments analyzed via flow gas chromatography, including single-component (H2 and CH4) and binary adsorption (CH4/H2 mixtures)
at 303 K, 313 K, and 343 K, with pressures up to 30 bar. Adsorption equilibrium modelling was conducted using the Dual-Site Langmuir (DSL) isotherm, accurately describing an experimental 76/24 (% vol.) CH4/H2 mixture, reinforcing the material’s selectivity, closely matching the values predicted by the isotherm from single component experiments.
These findings highlight the potential of 3D-printed porous carbon monoliths for selective CH4 separation in PSA processes applied to SMR, offering a promising alternative with lower pressure drop and greater structural control compared to conventional adsorbents.
the gas-monolith interactions.
Results showed that H2 adsorption was negligible under all tested conditions. For CH4, the maximum adsorption experimental capacity was 3.25 mol.kg−1 at 303 K and 30 bar. Equilibrium isotherms confirmed material heterogeneity, with two distinct adsorption sites, each with its own adsorption capacity. The isosteric heat of adsorption ranged from 17.5 to 17.1 kJ.mol−1, indicating a moderate physisorption mechanism. In binary
adsorption experiments at 303 K and 5 bar, CH4 adsorption reached 2.10 mol.kg−1 for an experimental 76/24 (% vol.) CH4/H2 mixture, reinforcing the material’s selectivity, closely matching the values predicted by the isotherm from single component experiments.
These findings highlight the potential of 3D-printed porous carbon monoliths for selective CH4 separation in PSA processes applied to SMR, offering a promising alternative with lower pressure drop and greater structural control compared to conventional adsorbents.A separação eficiente de metano (CH4) e hidrogênio (H2) é um desafio fundamental em processos industriais, como a reforma do metano a vapor (SMR), que é a principal tecnologia utilizada para a produção de hidrogênio. No entanto, o gás gerado contém impurezas, como monóxido de carbono (CO), dióxido de carbono (CO2) e metano não reagido, que devem ser removidas para garantir um H2 de alta pureza. A separação desses
gases é geralmente realizada por adsorção com oscilação de pressão (PSA), utilizando materiais adsorventes como zeólitos (por exemplo, zeólito 13X) e carvões ativados. No entanto, esses adsorventes frequentemente apresentam desafios, incluindo elevada queda de pressão e controle limitado sobre a estrutura porosa.
Neste contexto, este estudo investiga um monólito de carbono poroso impresso em 3D com células unitárias cúbicas tetragonais centradas, projetado para maximizar a seletividade do CH4 sobre o H2, ao mesmo tempo que reduz a queda de pressão devido ao seu design estrutural altamente controlável. O material foi caracterizado por meio de experimentos de adsorção em leito fixo, analisados por cromatografia gasosa de fluxo, incluindo adsorção de componente único (H2 e CH4) e adsorção binária (misturas CH4/H2), em temperaturas de 303 K, 313 K e 343 K e pressões de até 30 bar. A modelagem do equilíbrio de adsorção foi realizada utilizando a isoterma de Langmuir de sítio duplo (DSL),
descrevendo com precisão as interações entre os gases e o monólito.
Os resultados mostraram que a adsorção de H2 foi insignificante em todas as condições testadas. Para o CH4, a capacidade máxima experimental de adsorção foi de 3.25 mol.kg−1 a 303 K e 30 bar. As isotermas de equilíbrio confirmaram a heterogeneidade do material, com dois sítios de adsorção distintos, cada um com a sua própria capacidade de adsorção. O calor isostérico de adsorção variou entre 17.5 e 17.1 kJ.mol−1, indicando um mecanismo de fisisorção moderada. Nos experimentos de adsorção binária a 303 K e 5 bar, a adsorção de CH4 atingiu 2.10 mol.kg−1 para uma mistura experimental de 76/24 (% vol.) CH4/H2, reforçando a seletividade do material e apresentando valores próximos aos previstos pela isoterma nos experimentos de componente único.
Essas descobertas destacam o potencial dos monólitos de carbono poroso impressos em 3D para a separação seletiva de CH4 em processos de PSA aplicados ao SMR, oferecendo uma alternativa promissora com menor queda de pressão e maior controle estrutural em
comparação com adsorventes convencionais
Adherence to the mediterranean diet and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a preliminary study
Full text linkThe aging population is
facing an increase in
chronic diseases,
particularly Metabolic
Syndrome (MetS),
which raises the risk of
cardiovascular disease
and diabetes1,2.
Effective prevention
strategies are essential.
The Mediterranean
diet, rich in vegetables,
fruits, whole grains,
and healthy fats, has
been shown to
improve metabolic
health and reduce
these risks, especially
among older adults3,