Publikationsserver der Fachhochschule Potsdam
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Modeling the Culture of Online Collaborative Groups with Affect Control Theory
No full textWe review Affect Control Theory (ACT) as a promising basis for equipping computational agents in social simulations with a sense of sociality. ACT is a computational theory that integrates sociological insights about the symbolic construction of the social order with psychological knowledge about cognitive-affective mechanisms. After explaining the theoretical foundations of ACT and applications of the theory at the dyadic and group level, we describe a case study applying the theory from an ongoing research project examining self-organized online collaboration in software development
Information and knowledge assessment
No full textThis article reports the results from an information and knowledge assessment (IKA) to identify information and knowledge needs and, their coverage by information resources to derive recommendations for improvement and proposes a contingeny framework. The approach is based on a review of audit methods from information sciences and management, knowledge management and the engineering discipline and tested with data (N = 580) collected from the engineering domain within an automotive supplier over six European sites. The integrated assessment uses content needs profiles from two complementary perspectives, the coverage of needs by various internal information sources and data on awareness and usage of these information sources. The employment of content categories on a more granular analytical level than information systems sources opens up new possibilities to derive improvement measures and requirements for the design of information systems within an organization. The brief data-gathering instrument also reduces the required resources to implement this approach considerably overcoming weaknesses previously identified in case studies and the IA literature. It makes a contribution to research bridging the gap between research and practice and opens up options to design contingency frameworks for a specific domain
Emotion-specific vocabulary and its contribution to emotion understanding in 4- to 9-year-old children
No full textPositive associations between children’s general language skills and emotion understanding are well documented. Concurrently, research from other domains highlights the importance of domain-specific language skills for conceptual development. The current study examined the relative contributions of emotion-specific and general vocabulary to individual differences in multiple early-acquired components of emotion understanding (e.g., facial emotion recognition) and later-acquired components (e.g., knowledge of emotion regulation strategies) in 4- to 9-year-old children (N = 86). Emotion-specific vocabulary was measured by size (i.e., number of emotion words children use) and depth (i.e., adult-like use of emotion words). Findings emphasize the role of children’s emotion-specific vocabulary rather than general vocabulary for early-acquired and later-acquired components of emotion understanding, especially when measured by expressive tasks. At preschool age, the size of emotion-specific vocabulary explains children’s knowledge of emotion regulation strategies. In primary school, however, the depth of emotion-specific vocabulary becomes relevant for individual differences in emotion understanding
Eine kurze Geschichte der Rahmenbrücken in Deutschland
No full textStählerne Rahmenbrücken kommen in Deutschland bereits seit Anfang des letzten Jahrhunderts zum Einsatz. Wurden die ersten stählernen Rahmen noch genietet, konnten Anfang der 1940er-Jahre mit geschweißten, vollwandigen Zweigelenkrahmenbrücken bereits Spannweiten bis 50 m realisiert werden. Mit ihrer Schlankheit kamen sie u. a. dann zum Einsatz, wenn gestiegene Anforderungen an die Verkehrslasten einen Ersatzneubau erforderten. Waren die Lagerungsbedingungen von den zunächst errichteten Zweigelenkrahmenbrücken noch klar definiert, so erforderte der Bau von Brücken mit integralen Widerlagern die Entwicklung neuer Ansätze zur Berücksichtigung der Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion. Heute sind Rahmenbrücken wegen der großen realisierbaren Spannweite, welche den Mittelpfeiler bei Autobahnüberführungen überflüssig macht, sowie ihrer geringen Lebenszykluskosten zu einer wirtschaftlichen Alternative geworden. Die hier vorgestellte kurze Geschichte der Rahmenbrücken erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, soll jedoch an ausgewählten Beispielen die Entwicklung in den letzten 100 Jahren anschaulich nachzeichnen
Co-Designing Visualizations for Information Seeking and Knowledge Management
No full textCreativity is a crucial factor in finding novel and useful visualization and interaction techniques, but its emergence is contingent on the right conditions. The focus of visualization research has traditionally been on techniques, and to a lesser degree on the process of creating them with domain experts and end users. This paper focuses on the collaborative design of visualizations for information seeking and knowledge management. The difficult, yet common challenge in any visualization project is to find meaningful visual representations and useful interaction techniques to carry out complex analysis tasks. The unique difficulty for preparing co-design activities for visualization lies in the gap between the abstract nature of data and the concrete form of visual representations. To bridge this gap, our co-design framework for visualization places particular emphasis on actors, activities, and artifacts as categories that expand the focus of visualization design beyond the traditional triad of users, tasks, and data. Drawing from general co-design principles, the framework is developed and validated during the course of two case studies in the context of information management systems and library collection databases. Based on observed patterns during the case studies, practical tactics provide advice on carrying out co-design in information visualization
Governing 'Sustainable Urban Development' Through Self-Build Groups and Co-Housing
No full textThis article critically examines the governing of ‘sustainable urban development’ through self-build cohousing groups in Gothenburg and Hamburg. The two case cities have been selected because both are currently involved in major urban restructuring, and have launched programmes to support self-build groups and cohousing as part of their emphasis on promoting urban sustainable development through this process. Departing from a theoretical discussion on advanced liberal urban governance, focusing in particular on the contemporary discourse on sustainable urban development, we examine the interaction between political institutions, civil society and private actors in the construction of cohousing as a perceived novel and alternative form of housing that may contribute to fulfilling certain sustainability goals. Questions centre on the socio-political contextualization of cohousing; concepts of sustainability; strategies of, and relations between, different actors in promoting cohousing; gentrification and segregation; and inclusion and exclusion. In conclusion we argue that, while self-build groups can provide pockets of cohousing as an alternative to dominant forms of housing, the economic and political logics of advanced liberal urban development make even such a modest target difficult, particularly when it comes to making such housing affordable
An exploratory study into the use of an emotionally aware cognitive assistant
No full textThis paper presents an exploratory study conducted to understand how audio-visual prompts are understood by people on an emotional level as a first step towards the more challenging task of designing emotionally aligned prompts for persons with cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Persons with ADRD often need assistance from a caregiver to complete daily living activities such as washing hands, making food, or getting dressed. Artificially intelligent systems have been developed that can assist in such situations. This paper presents a set of prompt videos of a virtual human ‘Rachel’, wherein she expressively communicates prompts at each step of a simple hand washing task, with various human-like emotions and behaviors. A user study was conducted for 30 such videos with respect to three basic and important dimensions of emotional experience: evaluation, potency, and activity. The results show that, while people generally agree on the evaluation (valence: good/bad) of a prompt, consensus about power and activity is not as socially homogeneous. Our long term aim is to enhance such systems by delivering automated prompts that are emotionally aligned with individuals in order to help with prompt adherence and with long-term adoption
3rd workshop on context-awareness in retrieval and recommendation
No full textContext-aware information is widely available in various ways and is becoming more and more important for enhancing retrieval performance and recommendation results. The current main issue to cope with is not only recommending or retrieving the most relevant items and content, but defining them ad hoc. Other relevant issues include personalizing and adapting the information and the way it is displayed to the user's current situation and interests. Ubiquitous computing further provides new means for capturing user feedback on items and providing information
Hypotheses in adult-child interactions stimulate children's reasoning and verbalizations
No full textAdult-child interactions can support children's development and are established as predictors of program quality in early childhood settings. However, the linguistic components that constitute positive interactions have not yet been studied in detail. This study investigates the effects of hypotheses proposed by adults on children's responses in a dyadic picture-book viewing situation. In 2 experiments, adults’ use of hypotheses (e.g., “Maybe this is a dwarf's door”) was tested against the use of instructive statements (“This is a dwarf's door”) and in combination with open questions (“What do you think, why is the door so small?”). In Experiment 1, hypotheses differed from instructions only by the modal marker “maybe”. Children's responses to hypotheses were longer and contained more self-generated explanations as compared to responses to instructions. The use of hypotheses also seemed to encourage children to attach more importance to their own explanations. In Experiment 2, combining hypotheses with open-ended why questions elicited longer responses but no more self-generated explanations in children than open-ended questions alone. Results indicate that subtle differences in adults’ utterances can directly influence children's reasoning and children's contributions to dialogues
Brandenburg.digital
No full textIm Land Brandenburg liegt die Überlieferung des kulturellen Erbes zum wesentlichen Teil im Aufgabenbereich von mehr als 80 Archiven1, 140 Bibliotheken und 150 Museen. Diese Zahlen beziehen sich zumeist auf Einrichtungen mit fest angestelltem Personal. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Vielzahl von ehrenamtlich betriebenen Einrichtungen. Beispielgebend hierfür nennt der Museumsverband des Landes Brandenburg e.V. (MVB) eine Gesamtzahl von 400 Museen für das Jahr 2009.
Auf der Denkmalliste des Landes Brandenburg befinden sich über 24000 Objekte. Größere zusammenhängende Bestände bzw. Sammlungen sind in relativ wenigen Institutionen vorhanden, wie dem Brandenburgischen Landeshauptarchiv, dem Kunstmuseum Dieselkraftwerk Cottbus (dkw.), der Stadt- und Landesbibliothek Potsdam (SLB) oder der Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg (SPSG). Diese Situation resultiert aus den politischen Neuordnungen nach 1945 und 1990 mit der Ausgliederung Berlins und damit vieler historischer Bestände aus Brandenburg.
Vor diesem Hintergrund und mit Blick auf das Subsidiaritätsprinzip können der Landtag und das Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur (MWFK) des Landes Brandenburg nur für die landeshoheitlichen Teile am Kulturerbe politische Rahmenvorgaben oder Zielsetzungen für die Digitalisierung festlegen. In der „Kulturpolitischen Strategie 2012“ finden sich daher grundsätzliche Aussagen zur Digitalisierung, wie die Förderung der kulturellen Teilhabe der Brandenburgerinnen und Brandenburger oder die Sicherung und Stär-kung der kulturellen Infrastruktur.
Da das Land Brandenburg als Kulturland insbesondere durch die Diversität der im Land verteilten Einrichtungen und Kulturgüter gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die digitale Präsentation dieser Diversität auch im Interesse des Landes