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IP多媒體子系統中高效擴增之虛擬化CSCFs;Efficient-Scaled Virtualized CSCFs in IP Multimedia Subsystem
No full text[[abstract]]Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)是一個佈署在核心網路的框架，IMS使得行動網路供應商或者服務供應商可以提供他們的使用者多媒體服務。在最近幾年中，行動網路(4G and beyond)的成熟已經帶來了可觀的頻寬、低延遲和其他嚴格的要求。因此，IMS有需要被改進，藉以滿足4G及以後網路的所有需求。透過Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)的概念擴增虛擬網路功能是一個簡單直覺的方法來提升效能，然而，擴增粒度大的網路功能會導致低的資源使用率和高的建置成本。因此，我們為了IMS refactoring量化得分析IMS功能模組，我們切割IMS元件的功能模組並根據IMS流程列出corresponding strings，藉以找到可能的方法來合併這些被分割的功能模組。另外，我們透過queuing theory的概念來設計三個指標，藉以評估這些重構IMS的可能方法。於是我們透過這些corresponding strings和三個指標來提出四個候選的vIMS架構。此外，我們為了這些架構設計了註冊流程和打電話流程，藉以證明這些架構的可行性。我們透過M/M/K queuing模型來導出queuing delay time公式，藉以分析每個架構的效能。我們透過這些queuing公式來計算每個架構中註冊和打電話流程的queuing delay時間，數值的結果顯示經過我們適當重構的架構的效能高於其他架構的效能。除此之外，我們也使用OMNeT++來進行模擬測試，藉以證明推導出的queuing公式的正確性，模擬的結果和從queuing公式得到的結果非常接近，因此驗證了推導出的queuing公式的正確性。
Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a framework deployed in core network; IMS enables mobile network operators or service operators to offer their subscribers multimedia services. In recent years, the maturity of mobile networks, 4G and beyond, has given rise to considerable bandwidth, low latency, and other stringent requirements. IMS, therefore, is necessary to be improved to meet all of the requirements of 4G and beyond.Scaling out virtualized network functionalities with the concept of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a straightforward method to improve performance. However, scaling out coarse-grain network functionalities leads to inefficient resource utilization and high capital expenditures (CAPEX). We, consequently, quantitatively analyzed IMS function modules for IMS refactoring; we split function modules in IMS entities and listed corresponding strings according to IMS procedures in order to find possible ways to merge these split functions modules. Moreover, we designed three indicators with the concept of queuing theory to evaluate the possible ways to refactor IMS. We, accordingly, proposed four candidate vIMS architectures through the corresponding strings and three indicators. We, additionally, designed the registration procedures and call setup procedures for these architectures to verify the feasibility of the architectures.We derived queuing delay time formulas with M/M/K queuing model in order to analyze the performance of each architecture. With the queuing formulas, we calculated the queuing delay time of registration procedure and call setup procedure in each architecture; the numerical results showed that the performances of architectures which we refactored in appropriate ways were higher than those of the other architectures. Furthermore, we conducted a simulation test with OMNeT++ to prove the correctness of queuing formulas; the results from the simulation test and queuing formulas were quite close, thereby verifying the correctness of queuing formulas
為下一代移動網路以定量分析來重構EPC;Refactoring EPC with Quantitative Analysis for Next Generation Mobile Network
No full text[[abstract]]當今，我們認為行動通訊網路必須服務於各種移動設備。然而，Long Term Evolution/ Evolved Packet Core (LTE/EPC)的網路功能大多是作為特定實體功能來設計的，這些實體具有較差的靈活性來改變和移動網路功能，使當前的LTE網路無法滿足未來移動網路的需求。網路功能虛擬化(NFV)被提出來解決上述問題。此外還進行了EPC節點的控制與用戶平面分離(CUPS)，藉著擴增user plane數量而不影響control plane的數量來應付數據流量的增加。在論文中，我們重構了基於CUPS的EPC的控制平面，以提高基於NFV的核心網路架構的效能和擴展時候的效率。我們提出了一種定量分析方法，用於重構基於CUPS的EPC元件。首先，我們列出了基於CUPS的EPC中我們認為可以分解的元件的功能。然後，我們根據基於CUPS的EPC的基本流程將該架構元件的功能排列成字串。我們根據上述的字串使用三個指標來對功能進行合併，即訊息交換的減少量，處理的訊息的數量，以及擴展元件的副作用的量。在執行該方法之後，我們提出了Refactoring EPC (R-EPC)的架構。R-EPC和基於CUPS的EPC之間的區別在於，Mobility Management Entity (MME)和Serving/Packet Data Network Gateway Control Plane (S / P-GW-C)被重構為處理註冊和位置更新的訊息的Authentication Registration Mobility Entity (ARM)，以及處理會話管理的訊息的Session Management Control Entity (SMC)。因為R-EPC中的SMC把MME部分功能與S / P-GW-C合併，使得MME與/ P-GW-C的交換訊息減少了。我們設計了R-EPC中基本流程的流程圖，以驗證其可行性。為了比較提出的架構與4G EPC，基於CUPS的EPC和5G核心網絡的效能，我們使用signaling cost與queuing delay來對它們進行了評估。在比較中，R-EPC具有最低的signaling成本。然後R-EPC的queuing delay低於基於CUPS的EPC。然後，當我們將這些架構應用於NFV時，我們使用限制queuing delay下的scaling cost和有限資源條件下的queuing delay來評估它們。在比較中，R-EPC在限制queuing dealy下的scaling cost與限制資源下的queuing delay是最低的。因此，我們可以看到我們設計的定量分析方法可以針對NFV來推導出提升效能的結構。
Nowadays, we expect that mobile networks have to serve a wide range of mobile devices. However, the network functionalities of Long Term Evolution/ Evolved Packet Core (LTE/EPC) are mostly implemented as dedicated entities, which have poor flexibility to change and move network functions, make current LTE/EPC networks unable to meet the requirements of future mobile networks. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is proposed to solve the problem above. Besides, Control and User plane separation of EPC nodes (CUPS) is carried out to support increasing of data traffic, by enabling to add user plane nodes without changing the number control plane nodes in the network. In this paper, we refactored the control plane of the CUPS-based EPC to improve the performance and scaling efficiency for NFV-based mobile core network architecture.We proposed a method with quantitative analysis for refactoring the CUPS-based EPC’s entities. First, we list the functionalities of the entities, which we considered to decompose, in CUPS-based EPC. Then, we arranged the CUPS-based EPC’s entities functionalities into strings according to the architecture’s basic procedures. We used three indicators which were the number of reduction of message exchanges, the number of messages handling, and the number of side effect of scaling entities to merge the functionalities according to the strings above. After performing the method, we proposed the Refactoring EPC (R-EPC) architecture. The difference between R-EPC and CUPS-based EPC was that Mobility Management Entity (MME) and Serving/Packet Data Network Gateway Control Plane (S/P-GW-C) were refactored to Authentication Registration Mobility Entity (ARM) which handled the registration and location update messages, and Session Management Control Entity (SMC) which handled the session management messages. Because we merged the part of functionalities of MME and S/P-GW-C into SMC in R-EPC, the message exchanges between MME and S/P-GW-C is reduced.We designed the flow diagram of the procedures in R-EPC to verify the feasibility of it. To compare the performance of proposed architecture with 4G EPC, CUPS-based EPC, and 5G core network, we evaluated them in terms of signaling cost, queuing delay. In the comparison, R-EPC had the lowest signaling cost, and the queuing delay was lower than that of the CUPS-based EPC. Then we evaluated them in terms of scaling cost under limited queuing delay time and queuing delay under limited-resource condition when we applied them to NFV. In the comparison, the R-EPC’s scaling cost under limited queuing delay time and queuing delay under limited-resource condition were the lowest. Therefore, we can see the method with quantitative analysis can derive the architecture which improved the performance for NFV-based mobile core network architecture
具軟體定義網路之邊緣佈署重構EPC;SDN-enabled Edge-based Refactored EPC
No full text[[abstract]]隨著網際網路、行動裝置和物聯網不斷的發展，網路上傳送的資料量快速的增加、傳送資料要求的品質上升，導致目前的行動網路服務技術漸漸無法支援如此大量的資料量。電信營運商為了使電信網路更有效率得處理龐大的資料量，增加許多的網路元件來提升網路服務的品質，為了降低管理網路元件的難度，能夠透過SDN技術來管理整體網路的狀態，及時應付網路元件的異常狀況。在這篇論文當中，我們提出一個SDN-enabled edge-based EPC架構稱為SDN-enabled Edge-based Refactored EPC (abbreviated to S-E-R EPC)。首先我們針對每個網路元件進行拆解與分析後得到所有的functions，再以functions產生七種procedures的corresponding string，再來利用三個指標MER (Message exchange reduction)、MHN (Message handling number)和SSE (Scaling side effect)來評估各種functions merging後的效能，藉以提出一個新的架構Refactoring EPC (R-EPC)。但是在傳統的架構中，所有的封包都需要傳送至在核心網路中的網路元件，才能夠將封包傳送至目的地。所以我們考慮將部分網路元件移動至離UE較近的edge network中，藉以縮短UE與傳統EPC網路元件之間封包傳送的距離。我們在edge network中加入SDN以及MPLS的技術，在edge network中透過SDN Controller為封包預設MPLS傳送路徑，藉以提升封包的傳輸效率。在我們設計的網路中，SDN Controller會分別透過OpenFlow protocol與Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)來向OpenFlow switches與MPLS switches溝通，取代了傳統EPC使用GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP)傳送封包的方式。在我們的edge network中，所有封包藉由OpenFlow switches進入edge network，同時藉由OpenFlow switches封裝(encapsulate)上SDN Controller為該封包所規劃在edge network中繞送時的MPLS最佳路徑。比起過去使用GTP傳送方式，我們採用MPLS的方式，封包只須要在OSI第二層（資料鏈結層）進行遶送，取代GTP使用第三層（網路層）的routing方式，使封包傳送的延遲時間減短，增加網路傳輸的速度，更適合多媒體訊息的傳送。此外由於我們將標準EPC中的S/P-GW移動至edge network中，所以會導致UE會有更換Session Anchor Point的問題。為了解決以上的問題，我們設計了當UE移動至另一個edge network的範圍後，UE能夠持續接收原本session的封包的機制，以達到session不中斷的問題。在理論分析上透過signaling cost與M/M/1 queuing model來評估S-E-R EPC的效能。數值的結果呈現S-E-R EPC比起SDN enabled Full edge EPC與SDN enabled Partial edge EPC兩個架構，S-E-R EPC的signaling cost和在七個procedure中的queuing delay time都是最小，效能是最高的，另外還比較了S-E-R EPC與E-R-EPC兩者在user plane的latency的比較，證明加入了SDN架構以及透過MPLS方式傳送封包會提升user plane封包傳輸效率。
As the Internet, mobile devices, and the Internet of Things develop, the number of Internet data transmitted rapidly rises, and the demand for high-quality data transmission increases. Current mobile network service technology is no longer able to support an increasing number of network packet. In order to make the telecommunication network more efficient in handling the huge amount of data, telecom operators have increased many network components to improve the quality of network services. However, in order to reduce the difficulty of managing network components, it is possible to manage the state of the overall network through SDN technology, which can deal with the abnormal conditions of the network components in time.In this thesis, we proposed a Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-enabled edge-based EPC structure called the "SDN-enabled edge-based refactored EPC" (S-E-R EPC). Firstly, we separated and analyzed each network component to obtain all the functions, and then used the functions to produce the corresponding strings of the seven procedures. Secondly, we used three indicators (i.e., Message Exchange Reduction (MER), Message Handling Number (MHN), and Scaling Side Effect (SSE)) to evaluate the performance of the various functions merging, on the basis of which a novel structure (i.e., refactoring EPC) was derived. Because all packets in a traditional architecture must be transmitted to CN components to enable the packets to be sent to their destinations. In this thesis we moved some network components to edge networks closer to user equipment (UE) to shorten the packet transmission distance between UEs and standard EPC network components. Additionally, we applied SDN and MPLS technology to edge networks, SDN Controller to configure MPLS routing path of packets in the edge networks to further elevate packet transmission speed. For the network architecture designed in this thesis, SDN Controllers communicated with OpenFlow switches and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) switches through OpenFlow protocols and a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), replacing the GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) used by standard EPC to transmit packets. In the edge networks, all packets entered edge networks through OpenFlow switches, and OpenFlow switches encapsulate the optimal MPLS routing paths on packets when the SDN Controller was plan the routing paths in the edge networks. Contrary to previous GTP transmission methods, where packets transmitted needed to route in the third layer (i.e., network layer) of internet, packets transmitted using the MPLS method only needed to route in the second layer (i.e., data link layer). This decreased packet transmission delay, increased network transmission speed, and was more suitable for transmitting multimedia information. Because moving the S/PGW of standard EPC to edge networks caused the session anchor points of UEs to change, this study design a mechanism that enabled UEs to continue to receive packets from the original sessions when UEs moved to other edge networks. This mechanism solved the problem of session interruption.In the theoretical analysis, we evaluate the performance of the S-E-R EPC by using signaling cost and the M/M/1 queuing model, where the numerical results showed that compared with SDN enabled Full edge EPC and SDN enabled Partial edge EPC, the signaling cost and queuing delay times of the seven procedures were the lowest, and the performance is the highest, confirming that the S-E-R EPC showed the most favorable performance.In addition, the comparison between the S-E-R EPC and the E-R-EPC in the user plane is compared. It is proved that the addition of the SDN architecture and the transmission of packets through the MPLS method will improve the packet transmission efficiency of the user plane
電動式磁浮軸承設計與應用;Design and Application of Electrodynamic Bearing
No full text[[abstract]]本論文探討電動式磁浮軸承(Electrodynamic Bearing)的相關設計與分析方法，進而應用於飛輪儲能系統之中。飛輪儲能系統含有被動式磁浮軸承，混合式磁浮軸承，電動式磁浮軸承與內藏感應式馬達。被動式磁浮軸承與混合式磁浮軸承與電動式磁浮軸承中永久磁鐵皆以海爾貝克排列，混合式磁浮軸承採用空心線圈，可以改變電流方向產生吸力或推力，優點為消除負剛性影響。電動式磁浮軸承需要極高轉速以產生足夠的磁浮力，本論文探討之飛輪儲能系統額定轉速下普通的電動式磁浮軸承作用非常微小，故本論文欲探討使用海爾貝克排列之電動式磁浮軸承並進行尺寸最佳化以期在額定轉速下電動式磁浮軸承能對飛輪系統產生幫助。
This study focus on analysis method and design of Electrodynamic Bearing, for combining electrodynamic bearing with ring type flywheel energy storage system now under study. This flywheel energy storage system equipped with axial passive magnetic bearing, hybrid active magnetic bearing, build-in induction motor and electrodynamic bearing. This study use halbach array on axial passive magnetic bearing, hybrid active magnetic bearing and electrodynamic bearing. Air coil is used in hybrid active magnetic bearing. We can change the direction of current in the coil to create either attraction force or repulsive force. The benefit of this design is cancelation of negative stiffness.General speaking, electrodynamic bearing need extreme high rotation speed to generate sufficient levitation force. The rated rotation speed of flywheel energy storage system now under study is too low for electrodynamic bearing to operate. This study try to replace normal permanent magnet arrangement into size optimized halbach array. Expect the halbach array electrodynamic bearing can provide sufficient levitation force under rated rotation speed of flywheel energy storage system
應用刀具疊圖技術之磨耗檢測;
No full text[[abstract]]現今工業都朝向自動化發展，各家工具機廠商亦致力於提升產品的品質及自動化生產的目標，刀具磨耗的情況常常會對產品的品質與自動化生產的效率產生重大影響。針對銑床的端銑刀磨耗檢測的需求，本研究希望研發一套機械視覺為基礎的線上刀具磨耗檢測方法。由於端銑刀的複數刀刃與螺旋形刀具形狀不同於一般車刀，加上金屬的反光的效應，增加的端銑刀在影像拍攝困難，本研究利用刀具影像疊圖的技術將立體的端銑刀展開成平面圖面，並使用影像處理的方法對展開後的刀具圖片進行磨耗檢測。實際以工具機機台進行切削加工，定時進行刀具影像疊圖並檢測刀具磨耗狀態，可驗證本研究發展機械視覺系統應用銑床的端銑刀於線上刀具磨耗檢測的可行性。
In recent years, the industry is developing towards automation. Various machine tool manufacturers have devoted to improving the quality of products and reaching the goal of automated production. Tool wear has a significant impact to the quality of products and automated production. Because the demand of automatic online inspection system of tool wear increases, this study try to develop a method for automatic online inspection system of tool wear based on machine vision. Since the number of teeth and the geometric shape of the end mills are different from the turning tool, end mills are more difficult to shoot in images. This study develops a method of tool stitching to expand the three-dimensional end mill into a plan view and uses the image processing method to perform wear detection on the expanded tool image. The experiment results based on the practical milling in machine tool monitor the tool wear condition at regular time. The thesis verifies the feasibility that machine vision system can be applied on the automatic online inspection of end mill
第二代鐵鋁合金摩擦攪拌扣件製程之破裂與疲勞行為分析;
No full text[[abstract]]本研究是以第二代鐵鋁合金摩擦攪拌扣件製程為基礎，針對扣件鋁料會穿透下試片鋼板的外觀缺陷進行參數改善。首先，採用6061-T6鋁合金及熱浸鍍鋅低碳鋼製作扣件試片，參數改善完成後，製作剪力及十字試片進行疲勞測試，並以光學及掃描式電子顯微鏡分析扣件在周次負載下的疲勞行為，觀察結果為有三種剪力試片破壞模式，而十字試片僅有一種。參考試片破壞模式，本研究使用兩種方法進行壽命預測。首先是結構應力法，此法採用剪力及十字試片的結構應力理論解，配合材料之應力-壽命曲線圖，進行壽命預測。其次是應力強度因子法，此法依據主導疲勞裂縫的路徑，取得裂縫的異材不等厚度的局部應力強度因子解，結合Paris Law，完成壽命預測。最後，本研究以韋伯分析這種統計手法取得各信心水準下的疲勞壽命曲線，將可對複雜受力狀態的扣件，進行精確的疲勞壽命預測。
This research is based on the second generation friction stir clinching (FSC) process. A flaw is occured that aluminum pierces through lower sheet, low carbon steel. The appearace is improved via parameter optimization. 6061-T6 Al sheets and hot dip galvamized low carbon steel sheets were used for the FSC process. After acomplishin the optimization, we made FSC LP and CT specimens. Conducting fatigue tests and investigated their failure behavior under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions through optical and scanning electron microscope. Experimental results indicated that LP specimens have three failure modes, while CT specimens have only one failure mode.According to the failure modes of FSC joints, two life prediction methods were used. First was the structural stress (SS) method, which predicted lives by using the SS solutions of LP and CT specimens, associated with S-N curves of sheet materials. Second was the stress intensity factor (SIF) method, which predicted lives by using the different-material-and-unequal-thickness local SIFs for the paths of dominant fatigue cracks, associated with the Paris Law. Finally, Via a statistical technique, Weibull analysis, to obtain load range- life curve for LP and CT specimens .These methods make predicting fatigue lives of FSC joints under complex loading conditions more accurately
應用PSO最佳化演算法鑑別機械手臂之轉動慣量與避障路徑規劃;
No full text[[abstract]]本研究針對六軸機械手臂進行避障路徑規劃，首先建立機械手臂之各軸的座標系統並進行位置分析，由此座標系統推算各軸的轉換矩陣，以得知各軸末端點位置及方位，而畫出機械手臂各軸末端點的軌跡，且根據各軸末端點位置建立線方程式以標示機械手臂桿件，並以面的的方程式來表示障礙物，最後以線與面的關係式進行碰撞偵測，如有碰撞會由碰撞點的位置進行偏移至障礙物外，同時設置避障點以進行避障的路徑規劃，並重新判斷是否有碰撞，如沒有即完成本研究避障路徑規劃。然而，當機械手臂因自重或負載將造成軌跡估測不精確，將使得碰撞偵測結果不正確，因此本研究需再針對機械手臂之實體參數進行鑑別，包含質心位置與慣量等與結構剛性相關之參數，以達成精準之位置分析。本研究提出應用粒子群最佳化演算法進行六軸機械手臂之參數鑑別，透過粒子群最佳化演算法設定較少的參數，並可快速疊代收斂出最佳解，運用此演算法結合機械手臂的動態方程式(Newton-Euler equation)，粒子群最佳化法會將轉動慣量設為粒子群個體，並代入牛頓尤拉的動態方程式計算出各軸的扭力值，接著與實驗量測所得之各軸扭力值進行比對，如不符合量測的扭力值，將會重新在空間範圍內亂數設定新的粒子群個體，再代入動態方程式進行比對，如符合量測的扭力值，將為粒子群個體最佳解，之後透過每個粒子群個體的疊代收斂得到粒子群體的最佳解，即是本研究所鑑別所得的機械手臂的參數最佳解。
This study is devoted into the obstacle avoidance path planning of the six-axis robot manipulators, and the position analysis of the robot manipulator is establishes based on the definition of coordinate system of each axis. The position and orientation of each link is modeled as the line equation, and the obstacle is represented as the equation of the surface. The relationship between the line and the surface is used to collision detection. Then, the obstacle avoidance point is set to avoid the obstacle, and the obstacle avoidance trajectory can be re-planned accordance with the obstacle avoidance point. The collision detection is re-estimated. If the re-planning trajectory has no collision occurrence, the obstacle avoidance trajectory planning is completed.However, the inaccuracy of the structure parameters causes the position/posture error while the robot manipulators under loading condition. The position/posture error will cause the collision detection fail. So that, it is necessary that identifying the structure parameters to increase the precision of the position analysis. This study proposes a particle swarm optimization algorithm to identify the structure parameters of a six-axis robotic manipulator. The particle swarm optimization algorithm sets fewer parameters and can quickly converge to converge the optimal solution. Using this algorithm combined with the Newton-Euler equation, the particle swarm optimization method sets the moment of inertia as the individual particle group and substitutes the dynamic equation of Newton's Euler to calculate the torque value of each axis. Then, the torque value of each axis is compared with the measured torque value. If the torque value does not meet the measured torque value, the new particle group will be set again in the solution space random range, and then substituted into the dynamic equation. The comparison, such as the measured torque value, will be the best solution for the individual particle group, and then the optimal solution of the particle group is obtained by the iterative convergence of each particle group individual, which is the mechanical arm identified in this study. The best solution of moment of inertia and centroid
C型工具機溫升熱變形特性研究;A study on the thermal deformation and temperature rise characteristics of C-type machine tool center
No full text[[abstract]]熱誤差一直是工具機的一大致命傷，隨著精密科技的發展工具機趨向高速高精度的加工需求，使得此問題更加之明顯，本研究有別於以往只單獨探討整機之效應分析，建立出一套量測整機及其元件特性探討的系統。首先本研究量測工具機及其各別元件(主軸滑台、立柱及基座)溫升及熱變形，並且透過本實驗室建立之恆溫室來改變環境溫度，以瞭解在不同操作條件(改變轉速、改變發熱量、改變環溫)下對工具機溫升與熱變形之影響，量測系統中特別獨立出工具機的主軸滑台、立柱及基座，模擬一個熱傳實驗，在溫度量測系統中，量測整機主軸內部溫升、主軸滑台表面溫升、立柱及基座表面溫升。在熱變形量測系統中，使用渦電流式位移計量測了整機主軸XYZ三軸向熱變形以及利用電容式位移計量測各元件之熱變形量的變化。本研究亦在整機中發現了因為受熱的效應導致主軸呈現點頭之效應，隨著環溫的改變對於整機及其元件的特性有了很大之影響。
Thermal error has always been a fatal injury to the machine tool. As precision technology advances, the machining requirements of machine tool tends to high-speed and high-accuracy, that makes the problem more evident. This study is different from that only alone explored the effect analysis of the whole machine in past, established a set of gauging system for the whole machine and exploring the characteristics of its components. First of all, this study measured the temperature rise and thermal deformation of whole machine and its components(headstock, column and base), and through to establish the thermostatic chamber to change the ambient temperature. In order to understand the different operating conditions (variable speed, variable power, and variable ambient temperature) impact on temperature rise and thermal deformation of machine tool. In the measurement systems particularly independent out the headstock, column and base of machine tool to simulate a heat transfer experiment. In the temperature measurement system, measured the temperature rise of spindle on machine, the temperature rise of headstock surface, and the temperature rise of column and base surface. In the thermal deformation system, used eddy current displacement to measure the thermal deformation of spindle's XYZ triaxial and used capacitive displacement to measure the thermal deformation of each components. This study also found in the whole machine that the spindle has a nodding effect due to the effect of heat, as the ambient temperature change it has a great influence on the characteristics of the whole machine and its components
端銑刀磨耗線上量測;End Mill Tool Wear On-Line Measurement
No full text[[abstract]]近年來科技進步自動化生產是未來的潮流，但是目前的工件做誤差量測還是無法即時進行線上量測，因此如果能建立一套刀具檢測系統包含線上刀具規格辨識和刀具磨耗補償，將能夠幫助提早掌握刀具狀況，大幅提升加工效率。目前針對刀具磨耗量補償的方法，都是直接測量工件尺寸誤差，再輸入NC碼做補償，然而接觸式的人工量測需拆解工件做量測無法線上完成，雖然刀具尺寸有測量儀器但是無法在機台上即時線上量測，因此本研究希望能以非接觸式的量測，搭配機器視覺開發線上即時量測之技術，發展出一套完整的自動化刀具檢測系統安裝於CNC機台內部，使量測過程中不需拆卸刀具或工件，並可以將量測過程設定為加工步驟，達到自動量測尺寸、磨耗並補償的效果，實驗結果顯示尺寸量測數據與刀具規格的誤差皆在2%之內，磨耗補償後與磨耗補償前的精度改善平均在50%以上，可以有效改善工件因為刀具磨耗而產生精度誤差的問題。
In recent years, digital machines controlled by technological advances have replaced traditional machine tools, and automated production is the trend of the future. This study mainly focused on milling cutter condition montioring .Cutter wear online monitoring and cutter size measurement play an important role in automation of manufacturing processes. Worn tools can affect the quality of workpiece and can damage the machine.To avoid these problems, it is necessary to understand the size of the tool and wear of the tool. The condition of the milling cutter was monitored and extensive research was performed such as acoustic emission, tool temperature, cutting force and vibration characteristics. These studies claim that these process parameters in a milling environment can be excavated and associated with tool wear. Although these methods can be used during milling, the measured values do not directly imply the state of the milling cutter. Recent advances in image processing technology have led to the development of various visual sensors that can provide direct measurements of the state of the tool. Therefore, the lateral wear of the tool was measured using a CCD camera in this study.The experimental results show that the wear of the tool will affect the size of the workpiece, and the result of the compensation experiment greatly improves the accuracy of the workpiece.and the measurement results also meet the precision instrument
高玉樹與臺北市－－以競選與市政建設為中心（1951-1972）;
No full text[[abstract]]本篇論文以高玉樹先生為研究對象，在眾人的歷史記憶裡面──尤其非臺北市市民、年輕族群──高玉樹先生是位比較陌生的對象，而高玉樹在1950-1970年代所處的社會氛圍跟政治環境，對於非國民黨籍的政治人物，其政治生涯是相當嚴峻的，能夠以無黨籍身分當選如此重要的首都民選市長，這一點值得我們爬梳。高玉樹競選臺北市市長五次，又分別在1954 年、1964 年當選，兩次當選中間相隔10 年，透過報紙的報導與個人回憶錄的蛛絲馬跡，來看這段日子的沉潛對於高玉樹的政治生涯有什麼影響，高玉樹又是如何再次吸引選民支持，或者是在何種時空背景下能夠在首都臺北市打敗執政黨所推出的候選人。本文希望能將高玉樹從競選到當選的過程作一回顧，整理出高玉樹與執政高層、國民黨部以及市議會的斡旋跟溝通；還有高玉樹對臺北市整體的規劃是怎樣進行，作出一個合理、有時間感的分析，同時檢視高玉樹任內政績對往後的臺北市有什麼影響，在形塑臺北市面貌時所選取的眾多方案是怎麼形成的，又是與怎樣的國家政策相輔相成，藉由高玉樹的例子，回顧臺灣地方自治是如何凝聚臺灣人對土地的認同、對於臺灣民主政治的發展呈現怎樣的意義，得以解答自己心中疑惑，提供閱讀者一些新的啟發。本文寫作方法主要參考高玉樹等人的回憶錄或自傳為背景，同時運用新聞報紙、雜誌的報導：國內部份使用《中央日報》、《聯合報》、《自立晚報》、《徵信新聞》（《中國時報》前身），以及香港出版的《新聞週刊》，研究報刊記者如何解讀中央當局釋放出來的風向球，檢視高玉樹的市政建設與政績是否能跟臺北市民的感受產生共鳴；除了補充官報可能不會出現的內容，也能將官方與微弱民意作個比較