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女中儒士：清中葉徽歙才女汪嫈;
No full text[[abstract]]汪嫈，清中葉徽州歙縣才女，自小聰穎，在父輩支持下得以與弟弟一同學習四書五經，寫作尤擅經文，其留下作品有《雅安書屋文集》二卷及《雅安書屋詩集》四卷，兒子程葆為其整理出刊，時人稱許汪嫈為「女中儒士」，有極高的評價。在本研究中，筆者透過汪嫈的一生，以她的詩文集為主要史料，說明汪嫈對於儒家思想的看法與實踐情形，特別是婦道與母教。首先，筆者對於汪嫈生平做一全面性敘述；其次，著重汪嫈在婦道與母教的實踐情形；再次，論述汪嫈與家鄉徽州汪氏、程氏宗族族人的互動，並進一步看到汪嫈對於家國的憂思與社會關懷；最後，筆者以汪嫈的一生歸納出其文化特質。本研究雖不敢以汪嫈作為清中葉徽歙才女之代表，但希冀透過汪嫈的例子能更了解當時女性們的特質及生活情形。
Wang Ying, a well-talented female writer, was born in Hui state (Anhui, China today) in Qing Dynasty. She was supported by his father to study Chinese classics, Four Books and Five Classics. Her famous works are Ya An Shu Wu Wen Ji (The Collection of Yaan Study Room) and Ya An Shu Wu Wen She Ji (The Poems of Yaan Study Room), four volumes in total. All of her works were collected and published by her son, Chen Bao. In Qing Dynasty, she was well known as a “female Confucian scholar”. In this thesis, I had chosen her works as main study materials, through the perspective of her life, to explain how Wang Ying understood Confucian thinking and how she practiced these concepts, especially her understandings to female virtues and virtues of being a mother. Firstly, I make a wholescale description on her life. Secondly, I put my emphasis on her practices of female virtues and being a mother. Moreover, by interpreting her relations between her family in Hui State and her husband’s family, her social cares and worries to nation can be further analyzed. Finally, I summarize her cultural characteristic by the study of her life. Through my thesis, I expect to take Wang Ying’s lens to understand the women characteristic andlife style at that time
工業園區汙泥熱裂解機制;
No full text[[abstract]]本研究是將工業區廢水汙泥以熱裂解法進行處理，在無氧環境進行加熱後，汙泥可以分解成低分子的裂解油及不可冷凝氣體。實驗中由常溫加熱至150℃後，每隔一段時間增加100℃，逐步加熱至700℃，加熱至100℃時汙泥會開始進行水脫附，有機物質在500℃完成主要的裂解反應。過程中可取得各裂解溫度區間的液體產物，並收集最後殘餘之固體物，剩餘之固體以灰分和碳為主，可當活性碳做進一步的利用。裂解油之熱值已達到市售油品水準，可將裂解油和市售柴油混合利用，但是裂解過程中所花費之耗能成本更是決定此項裂解機制的效益是否符合市場需求。
In this study, industrial sludge was treated by pyrolysis. After heating in anaerobic environment, the sludge can be decomposed into low molecular cracking oil and non-condensable gas. In the experiment, after heating from room temperature to 150 ℃, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃, and then gradually heated to 700 ℃. When the temperature is 100 ℃, the desorption of the sludge will begin and the organic material will complete the main cracking reaction at 500 ℃. The process can be obtained in the temperature range of the pyrolysis liquid products, and collect the final residual solids, the remaining solid ash and carbon-based, can be further used when the activated carbon. The caloric value of pyrolysis oil has reached the level of commercial oil, can be used to mix pyrolysis oil and commercial diesel oil, but the cost of energy consumed in the cracking process is to determine whether the effectiveness of the cracking mechanism is in line with market demand
狀態空間矩陣法應用於立式加工機之機控整合模型;The Mechatroller Integral Model of Vertical Machine Tool by Using State Space Method
No full text[[abstract]]近年來，為了因應工具機高速化與高精度的需求，國內許多研究者利用Simulink與多體動力學軟體做協同模擬，來預估機台之動態行為，但這種方法需要擁有兩套軟體才能進行，因此本篇論文將發展出一套快速分析之結構與控制器整合模型，以進行工具機動態行為預估，並針對實際工具機台做健康診斷。 本篇研究論文發展狀態空間機控模型之相關技術，成果包含(1)將結構鑄件之彈性體效應退化到接合面上，經由敲擊實驗頻率振形比對符合一致，並且能夠使用矩陣直接計算結構頻率；(2)將此模型結合控制器模型建立機控整合模型做分析，並且與Recurdyn所建立模型做比較，皆有一定的相似度，代表使用者可直接利用單一軟體(MATLAB/ Simulink)完成機控整合分析；(3)機控整合模型動態分析之響應包含各方向之加速度訊號與彈性變形訊號，皆含有結構之自然頻率，符合實際工具機台之特性；(4)針對不同螺桿螺帽預壓會有不同之訊號特性，能夠利用此模型做健康診斷，判斷元件之狀態；(5)在矩陣中，能夠提取所感興趣之結構參數，可於矩陣中彈性地做狀態空間模型上的修正；(6)將原始結構由動力學模型轉換為線性數學模型後，可不透過分析直接取得整體系統之波德圖響應。 因此本篇研究論文貢獻在於發展一數學模型且擁有實際工具機台之特性，一方面在單一軟體中便能夠模擬分析並節省電腦運算時間，另一方面可以透過此模型進行機台特性之預估與健康診斷。
In recent year, in order to get the high-speed and high-accuracy remand of the machine tool. More researcher co-simulate between the structure and controller by using multibody software and Matlab/Simulink to predict the dynamic behavior. However, this method need to use two different software to solve. Therefore, this thesis develops one integral model included structure and controller to predict the machine tool dynamic behavior and diagonal the component for the real machine tool. This research thesis develops some related technology of state-space mechatroller included (1) Reduce the flexibility of the structure on interface to match the natural frequency and mode shape of EMA (experiment modal analysis). We can also get the structure frequency from the state-space matrix directly. (2) We can combine state-space model with control model to create the mechatroller model to simulate the dynamic motion and match with Recurdyn. It means that we can do the mechatroller integral analysis by using just one software directly. (3) The response of mechatroller dynamic analysis result included the acceleration signal of each direction and flexible deform signal, they all have the vibration of natural frequency. It matches the characteristic of real machine tool. (4) The model can show different signal behavior when we use different preload of the ball screw. We can use this method to diagonal the behavior of each component. (5) We can control the interested structure parameter flexibility in the state-space matrix. (6) After we change the dynamic model into the linear mathematical model, which is state-space model, we can get the system response to get the Bode diagram directly. To sum up, the distribution of this thesis is developing one mathematical model included the characteristic of real machine tool. On the one hand, we can simulate the dynamic analysis in one software and save the simulation time. On the other hand, we can predict the characteristic of machine and diagonal each component
走心車銑複合機實體切削模擬暨切削參數最佳化系統開發;Development of a Swiss-Type Turn-Mill Machine Tool Solid Cutting Simulation System with Cutting Parameters Optimization
No full text[[abstract]]為因應汽車、航太、醫療產業的複雜化、客製化及多樣化零組件加工，車銑複合機將在工具機產業扮演著重要角色，透過結合車削加工、銑削加工與只需一次加工前準備動作等特色，成為主要用來加工複雜零組件的工具機。車銑複合機應用在加工批量、精密且小型零件，大多以走心車銑複合機為主，其特色為具有多軸向及雙系統等；這些特色雖然能提高加工效率，但操作過程複雜且容易發生刀具與工件產生干涉現象，導致走心車銑複合機的學習時間曲線拉長，加工產業之技術人員人力資源產生斷層及技術流失的現象。因此本研究將開發一融入切削物理量的輔助教學加工模擬系統，使用OpenGL為基礎的API建構虛擬工具機及實體切削模擬模組，並以Visual Studio 2013的系統開發環境開發虛擬人機介面模組、碰撞警示模組、NC解譯及插補模組、切削力預估模組，改善切削參數模組等功能，協助技術人員了解、練習、熟悉走心車銑複合機的加工操作過程，最後經由實際教學案例之加工流程操作與模擬，透過複合的加工方法(車、銑、鑽、切斷加工)，模擬切削出加工範例工件。市面上在加工方面主要利用CAM軟體來設計產品、產生加工程式與實體切削模擬，利用整機模擬軟體如VERICUT來驗證加工程式，利用切削參數最佳化軟體如MACHPRO來改善切削參數，本研究透過整合以上軟體的整機模擬功能、常用之CNC控制器功能、實體切削模擬功能、碰撞偵測功能、以及預估切削力與穩態切削圖為主的改善切削參數功能，並且開發讓使用者操作的虛擬人機介面功能，經由上述之功能模組的整合，成功完成目前市面上沒有，但是加工應用端迫切需要的走心車銑複合機教育訓練系統，並達成改善切削參數之目的。
In order to adapt to the customization and diversification of complex parts processing in automobile, aerospace and medical industry, turn-mill machines are playing increasingly more and more important role in the machine tool industry, which has become the mainstream machine tool of machining complex parts in one set-up with combination of turning and milling machining.Swiss-Type turn-mill machines, which are capable of multi-axis machining and controlling two independent system, are widely used in machining lots of small precision parts in turn-mill machines. However, due to the complex operations and high risk of tool-workpiece collisions, learning curve of Swiss-Type turn-mill operations is comparatively very long.This research has therefore developed a 3D machining simulation system in assisting instructions with the integration of physical effects. The functions of cutting simulation and virtual machine tool movements have been developed for the simulation of actual movement and machining of machine tool by an OpenGL-based API. The developed functions include virtual human machine interface, collision detection, NC interpreter, NC interpolator, cutting force calculation and cutting parameters improvement suggestions have been implemented by Visual Studio C#.In manufacturing, CAM software such as Mastercam are widely used to design products and generate NC programs, machine simulation software such as VERICUT are generally used to verify NC path and avoid collisions, optimization of cutting parameters software such as Machpro are used to improve cutting parameters. In conclusion, this research has successfully developed a virtual human machine interface to integrating the functions of machine simulation, CNC controller, cutting simulation, collision detection, and base on cutting force and stability lobe diagram to suggest improved cutting parameters. The developed system can also be used to assist the learning and training of a complex Swiss-Type turn-mill machine
DLP積層製造軟體與切層輪廓擬合之研究;The Research on Sliced Contour Fitting and Software for DLP Additive Manufacturing
No full text[[abstract]]積層製造(Additive Manufacturing)近年來廣泛地運用於製造領域當中。設計者可以直接使用電腦建構模型，經過積層製造軟體輸出檔案，將檔案輸入至機台，就能直接生產產品，縮短了產品設計的時間。使用者對於模型設計與修改更加的便利，因此能因應各領域快速開發的需求。 本文研究重點在於發展一個積層製造軟體，適用於DLP(Digital Light Processing)形式之3D列印機。DLP技術屬於積層製造中，精度較高的一種成型模式。製造流程為，首先經由CAD(Computer Aided Design)軟體建構模型，經過積層製造軟體進行切層處理，將3D的模型轉換成2D的輪廓，再進一步轉換成光罩圖，最後輸出至DLP形式之3D列印機列印。 模型的表面是由許多三角網格構成，因此模型的網格數會影響產品的精度與表面的平滑度，當模型的網格愈密集，產品會愈接近於設計的模型，反之，產品表面會較為粗糙。研究利用切層處理的2D輪廓進行曲線擬合，使用B-Spline曲線擬合每一層的切層輪廓，使輪廓的誤差下降，並達到平滑化的效果。網格數76的圓柱模型經過擬合，平均誤差由0.0923mm下降到0.0103mm，平均誤差小於網格數236的0.0104mm，列印的誤差也由0.29mm下降至0.221mm，經由光學影像量測儀的觀測，物件的邊緣處較為平滑。
In recent years, Additive Manufacturing has been widely applied in manufacturing sector. Designers use the computer to create model. Through software, we can enter the file into the 3D printer. The machine produce product directly. Users are convenient for design and modification of the model. Therefore, Additive Manufacturing can handle requirement of rapid development in various fields.The purpose of this study develops additive manufacturing software for 3D printer (DLP). DLP (Digital Light Processing) technology has good accuracy of dimension. The first step for the production processes used CAD (Computer Aided Design) software to create model. The second step transforms the 3D model into 2D contours, through additive manufacturing software for layering. 2D contours generate masks. The final step put the masks into 3D printer.The surface of the model is composed of many triangular meshes. Therefore, the number of meshes affects dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness. The meshes are denser, the product will be closer to the design of the model, by the contrast, surface flatness will be coarse. In this research, The B-Spline curve is used to fit the contour of each layer. The contour error will be reduced and the contour will be smooth. The cylindrical model of grid number 76 is fitted, and average error is reduced from 0.0923mm to 0.0103mm .The cylindrical model of grid number 76, which average error is less than 0.0104 mm of grid number 236. The printing error also dropped from 0.29mm to 0.221mm. Through the observation of the optical instrument, the edge of the object is smoother than original model
全球正義與跨國犯罪之關係：以索馬利亞海盜為例;The Relations between Transnational Crimes and Global Justice: A case study in Somalia
No full text[[abstract]]冷戰後，國際社會討論的議題已漸趨廣泛，但跨國犯罪帶給國際社會的威脅成為了首要關注的焦點。傳統研究跨國犯罪多將焦點放在《聯合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》或區域司法互助合作上。而本文話別了傳統司法互助的研究，以濤慕斯．伯格所提出的「全球正義」理論，揭示了以正義為中心的解釋方法，透析出國際制度的不正義，造成了世界貧窮，以至於貧窮者不得不從事犯罪來生存。 國際社會對不正義國際制度的重視可以成為貧窮國家喚回正軌的一種途，透過國際社會的道德補償和改善制度，希冀可以帶給貧窮國家恢復穩定與解救貧窮國家所衍生出的跨國犯罪問題。因此，本文以全球正義為研究核心分析索馬利亞貧窮的原因，來檢視國際不正義制度的改善是否可以大幅改善索馬利亞貧窮且海盜猖獗的困境。
After the Cold War, the discussed issues have gradually hastened widely in every fields, but cross-border crime takes the threat of international society into the most concerned point. Traditional researches focus on 《United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime》and law enforcement cooperation. This thesis bids farewell to the Traditional research, using Thomas Pogge’s global justice theory, revealing justice as the central explanation and shows that injustice global institutional serve the global poverty and shows that unjust global institutional leads to global poverty. As a result, those in impoverishment have no choice but to commit crimes to survive. The international society may become the method to recall the value of global justice for poverty country, going through moral compensate and reform, hoping can make impoverished countries restore stability and find the solution to deal with the transitional crimes that impoverished countries occurred. Therefore, the study core of this article is to analyze the poverty and relation of Somalia, inspecting whether the reform of unjust global institutional can improve the poverty and piracy dilemma in Somalia
從中國對台軍事戰略探討我國推動募兵制之適切性;On the adaptability of Taiwan's Procuratorial System from the view China's Military Strategy
No full text[[abstract]]位處於亞洲的中國，自從1978年，以實用主義及乒乓球外交方式，解除「鎖國」狀態，改採「經濟改革」開放後，中國便致力於現代化發展，且動力驚人 隨著中國經濟成長，伴隨而來的事實便是年度國防預算，每年至少以佔總GDP值10％，中國的軍事經費增加速度遠遠超過其他任何大國，目前軍費支出僅次於美國；然而，兩岸政治分歧之下，中國迄今未放棄武力犯台，而我國如果沒有強力的國防作為後盾，便無穩定的國家生存發展條件。 自我國從1997年開始推動全募兵制起，成效不彰，迄今仍未能募足目標員額，相關政策未通盤檢討，造成目標志願役兵力無法獲得滿足，其中相關窒礙應確實檢討，此問題即為筆者之研究動機。 本文竊認，我國現今應仍以徵兵制為我國兵役制度為佳，盼政府應適時修正政策方向，再次恢復徵兵制，以全民皆兵之姿，並落實後備軍事訓練，方可建立強大之常備及後備部隊，使敵人不敢輕言進犯，方為我國防政策之正確方向。關鍵字：徵兵制、募兵制、少子化、兵役制度
Since 1978, the China implementation pragmatism on diplomatic, focus in economy reform, and obtain amazing effectiveness, however, with economy growing up, the China spendig more and more budget in increase development of military. Taiwan and China belong two different regime since split, and China never abandon solve Taiwan problem by military force, if Taiwan do not have enough military force to defensive, that will not have a safety area to survive and country development. Taiwan carry out the Recruiting system since 1997,it is still not success to date, the reason should to study. This study is focus to discuss the most correct Military service system to Taiwan, and conclusion that finding the Conscription system is much better to Taiwan Military service system.Key word: Conscription system、Recruiting system, The trend of fewer children, Terms of service
現狀資料下利用經驗概似比值法探討雙樣本之檢定;Empirical Likelihood Ratio Tests for Two Sample Comparison under Current Status Data
No full text[[abstract]]本篇論文主要是探討現狀資料下的雙樣本檢定。 基於 Banerjee & Wellner (2001)， 我們建構限制下與未限制下存活函數的最大概似估計。 之後建構雙樣本經驗概似比值檢定統計量來比較雙樣本存活曲線。 我們應用拔靴法的方式建構虛無假設下的分配並且計算 p-value。 利用模擬試驗檢驗我們提出來的方法，再與另一個檢定雙樣本現狀資料的方法 Groeneboom (2012) 做比較。 最後運用我們提出來的方法分析一筆真實資料。
This thesis focuses on the two sample test of the survival function of the failure time underthe current status data. Based on Banerjee & Wellner (2001), we construct the unconstrainedand the constrained maximum likelihood estimation of the survival function of the failure time.Then, we construct the empirical likelihood ratio test for two sample comparison. For the pvaluecomputation, we apply the bootstrap method to construct the null hypothesis distribution.We examine the finite-sample performance of the proposed approach by simulation studies andcompare it with the method by Groeneboom (2012) which is also a two sample test for currentstatus data. Finally, we also apply our proposed methodology to analyze a real data example
漢語議論文篇章中段序與分段現象之修辭結構理論分析;Paragraphing Patterns and Rhetorical Structure Theory:The Case of Argumentative Articles in Mandarin Chinese
No full text[[abstract]]此篇論文以Mann and Thompson （1988）的修辭結構理論（Rhetorical Structure Theory）分析漢語報章社論裡之議論文的段間關係以發現分段與段序現象。以往對於段落的研究文獻例如Christensen（1965）、Tsao（1981）、甚至大家最熟悉的起承轉合「此處引用文章段落寫作之教學書籍楊嘉敏（2012）為例」，大都無法清楚描繪出段落該如何分段以及段落間該如何銜接之架構：雖然在Tsao（1981）的研究中提出的話題鏈 （Topic Chain） 與Mo（1991）將句子功能分佈觀概念（Functional Sentence Perspective theory）套用在漢語句詞分段上能解釋部份分段現象，但仍然無法解釋文章裡段落之分段位置與段落排序問題，甚至鮮少文章之段落結構符合我們熟知的「起承轉合」；然而，段落是構成文章之重要單位，卻因為這個篇章單位沒有明確的「文法性」，段落一直以來都是篇章分析中的大哉問，故此次研究主要嘗試以修辭結構理論分析段落與段落間的關聯性來探討發現段落劃分以及段落排序的相關現象。此研究透過修辭結構理論對於段落之間關係做定性分析以探究段落現象，分析主要著重於兩大層面，段落順序與段落劃分：關於段序的修辭結構分析方法，是將文章中段落的排列順序隨機調換，例如將第一段與第三段交換，測試文章中段落與段落間的修辭結構是否將不再合理，進而導致整篇文章不通順，同時探究是否有特殊的段落現象發生；關於段落劃分，是將原本篇章之分段位置提前或延後，也就是將段末句調至後段或段首句調至前段，進而檢視其中影響篇章段落修辭結構之合理性與現象。研究至終，於段間修辭結構與段落劃分的分析中出現幾個現象，如：首段的主旨與文章標題構成修辭結構關係、關係核心限定主題延伸現象，以及因為關係核心限定主題延伸現象所造成的段群關係合成順序判斷、文末段落立場敘述等。最後綜合此次研究成果，建議未來研究方向如：跨篇章單位修辭關係、其他文體之段落現象等。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomena of paragraphing and paragraphs ordering in argumentative articles in Mandarin Chinese, by Rhetorical Structure Theory of Mann and Thompson (1988). Most of previous literatures or theories regarding paragraphs such as Christensen (1965), Tsao (1981) or even the most popular paragraphing idea in Mandarin writing, qi-cheng-zhuan-he‘initiation-continuing-transition-conclusion,’ are unable to describe the coherence among the paragraphs order or a pattern of paragraphing phenomenon. For example, Although Tsao (1981) suggested an idea “Topic Chain” and Mo (1991) improve that idea with Funtional Sentence Perspective theory to explain some paragraphing phenomena, the paragraphs order and paragraphing location. And also, qi-cheng-zhuan-he undergeneralizes. However, the paragraph is the significant unit for article structure, but little is known about that because there is no grammar of paragraphs. Thus, the intention of this paper is to survey the phenomena of paragraphing through the relations among paragraphs by Rhetorical Structure Theory.This thesis, as qualitative analysis, examines the relations between paragraphs to discover phenomena in paragraphs, focusing on two perspectives: paragraph order, and breaking. To check paragraph order, one of paragraphs will be changed by a another paragraph in order, and then the relation of those changed paragraphs will be inspected; to check paragraph breaking, is to delay or shift to an early break, that is, the first sentence of a paragraph will be moved to previous paragraph or the final sentence will be moved to the following paragraph, for observation of phenomena. The results of the study are that several phenomena were found: The Background relation of Topic and First Paragraph, The Limited Continuity of Relation Nuclear and Paragraph Main Idea, The Final Paragraph of Statement, etc. Finally, based on these results, such future development will be offered as: “Supraunit” Rhetorical Analysis (analysis of relations cross discourse unit), paragraph phenomena in other genre, etc
Affordance於任務導向機械手臂抓取行為之研究;The Study of the Effect of Affordance in Task-Oriented Robot Grasping
No full text[[abstract]]機器人主要目的就是能夠服務人類，負責從事各種的工作任務。而過去學者們因應不同情況或不同任務提出新方法或是架構，希望能滿足人類的需求。對於實行機械手臂抓取物體時，有些研究者利用控制理論來控制機械手臂或者根據影像特徵來實現抓取，前者會導致計算複雜度過高，後者雖然能夠分類出可以穩定抓取的區域或者是點，但是並沒有考量到額外的因素，使得任務失敗。為了解決上述情況，利用環境心理學提出的affordance概念應用在本研究系統的機械手臂抓取行為中，藉由此概念把感知、物體與任務知識以及行為結果之間的關係作連結，並由規劃器產生出一連串的動作，且利用OpenRAVE作為模擬環境執行，能夠展現出機械手臂對於環境的了解。在劇本中呈現出任務執行中有affordance的情況下，會比沒有affordance時完成任務的效率來的好。
Robots are responsible for carrying out various tasks to provide service to human. Researchers usually attempt to use new methods or new architecture for robot control in different situations or tasks to satisfy human needs. When implementing robot grasping, some researchers use control theory or make use of many sensory input to control robot arms to grasp objects. These approaches have introduced major problems like high complexity of computing or failed tasks relying solely on image features to classify stable area and unstable area for robot grasping. Therefore, we use affordance for robot grasping in our system. By linking the relation between perception, the knowledge of objects and task-action effects. The system produces a series of actions through the planner and uses OpenRAVE as simulation environment. The experiments show that the task execution with affordance performs more efficiently than without affordance