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台灣獨立運動所面臨內外部阻礙因素之研究;The Study on the Internal and External Hindrances of Taiwan’s Independent Movement
No full text[[abstract]]台灣獨立運動至今已過70年，在國民黨重新執政後，各項錯誤施政的交互影響，導致民眾對於政府的不滿日與遽增，而台獨政治主張在當前的社會情勢下，結合了民生、社會、經濟的政策論述，使原先早已褪色的台獨理念有了新的內涵和價值，民眾在意識形態的選擇上也逐漸偏向台灣獨立，然而台灣獨立事實上卻面臨了國內政治和國際政治雙重層面的阻礙。 本研究採取了文獻分析法和歷史研究法，在內容方面分為三個部份，首先從歷史層面切入，回顧了台獨運動從二二八事件後至今的發展，並以《台獨黨綱》作為台獨定義的依據。其次，探究了民進黨因現實考量逐漸偏離台獨路線，黨內反對台獨或要求廢除《台獨黨綱》的聲音也正在發酵。同時反台獨政黨本身國家主權觀與《台獨黨綱》相衝突，在國內所擁有的民意基礎也對實現台獨造成不利影響。此外，民眾主張台獨的比例甚高，但經由各項民調交叉比對分析可見，民眾實際上並未釐清統獨概念。最後，中美兩國在對台政策的引導下，首先，中國透過軍事和經濟阻礙台獨的進程。美國方面則基於本身的安全利益和經濟利益對於台獨抱持不支持的態度。 台灣獨立作為人民意識形態的選擇，在實踐的道路上，絕非只是透過情感的驅使以及回顧歷史的過錯就可達成，如何面對眼前的現實，並透過策略和規劃，促使台獨運動能夠向前邁進，乃支持台獨的民眾及主張台獨的政黨所必須嚴肅面對的課題。
The Taiwan independence movement has been seventy years. After the KMT returned to power, the interaction of various wrong governances has led to a sharp rise in public’s dissatisfaction with the government. However, the political view of Taiwan independence combines the policies of the people’s livelihood, the society and the economy under the current social situation. It brings new meaning and value to the original concept of Taiwan independence. Although public tend to favor Taiwan independence, the Taiwan independence claim is facing obstructions from both domestic politics and international politics.This study adopts the literature analysis method and the historical research method, and it is divided into three parts in terms of the content. First of all, from the historical perspective, this study reviewed the development of the Taiwan independence movement since the February 28 Incident, and took Taiwan Independence Party Platform as a basis of the definition of Taiwan independence. Secondly, we studied how the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) starry from Taiwan independence due to practical considerations. Also, the voice from DPP that against Taiwan independence or the abolition of the "Taiwan independence party Platform" was rising. At the same time, the anti-independence party's own national sovereignty view is against the Taiwan Independence Party Platform, and the public opinion of anti-independence party also has a negative impact on the achievement of Taiwan independence. In addition, the percentage of people advocating Taiwan independence are very high. However, through the cross-comparison analysis of various polls, it shows that the people do not actually understand the concept of independence and unification. Finally, due to the direction of Taiwan policy, China is impeding the process of Taiwan independence through military and economic activities. The United States has an unsupported attitude toward Taiwan independence based on its own security interests and economic interests.On the road to achieving Taiwan Independence as a choice of people’s ideology, just an emotional drive and a retrospective of history are not enough. Learning how to face the reality, and through the strategy and planning, we can push the Taiwan independence movement to move forward. These are the subjects that people and parties who favor Taiwan Independence have to face seriously
美—日—韓三方安全同盟之可行性與有限性之研究： 一個結構現實主義與建構主義的互動觀點;A Study on the Feasibility and Limitation of the U.S.-Japan-South Korea Trilateral Alliance: An Interactive Perspective of Structural Realism and Constructivism
No full text[[abstract]]有鑑於東亞日益嚴峻之安全挑戰，美國、日本，和韓國之間的三方同盟合作備受期待，卻也同時面臨難以解決之阻礙。無論是在南海，中國持續性的相關侵略行動及建設，或是在東北亞的北韓導彈及核威脅，美、日、韓三國在面臨共同威脅的同時，在促進共同利益的基礎上，一個更為一致且具體的應對政策顯得至關重要，三方同盟的可行性乍看下也似乎相當高。然而，由於日本和韓國之間的歷史問題懸而未決，雙方長期缺乏互信基礎，因此日韓關係的改善並不順遂，也造成三方安全同盟於一定程度上之窒礙難行。本文期冀能藉由結構現實主義分析國際層次面之結構因素，以及建構主義探究國家內部之歷史認同與領導人理念，以結合此兩種途徑，因此將嘗試琢研兩大理論間之互動觀點以探討美—日—韓三方安全同盟的可行性與有限性。
In view of the increasingly severe security challenges in East Asia, the trilateral alliance among the United States, Japan, and South Korea is highly anticipated, but it also faces impenetrable barriers, challenges and obstacles to embrace and overcome. Whether in the South China Sea, China’s continuing aggressive actions, or North Korea’s missiles and nuclear threat, the United States, Japan, and South Korea face common threats while promoting common interests. In this regard, the viability of the three-party alliances seems quite high. Nevertheless, due to the unresolved historical issues between Japan and South Korea, and the long-term lack of mutual trust between the two sides, the improvement of relation between Japan and South Korea is not smooth, and it has also caused the trilateral alliance to hamper the development to a certain extent. Owing to that, I try to study the interactive perspectives between the two theories by analyzing structural factors at the international level through structural realism and constructivism to explore the colloective identities and ideas within South Korea to combine these two approaches and thus exploring the feasibility and limitations of the U.S.-Japan-South Korea trilateral alliance
兩岸政治差異對臺灣人民之中國認同影響;The influence of cross-strait political differences on the Chinese identity of the Taiwanese people
No full text[[abstract]]近年臺灣與中國往來密切，涉及經濟、政治、文化等層面，而臺灣政府經過三次政黨輪替，不論國、民兩黨勢必都會面對兩岸政策、與中國互動的問題，但是臺灣人民在國家認同問題上，目前不僅沒有共識，甚至還存在相當的分歧，乃至對立。其中主要的爭議焦點，是在臺灣與中國的定位上。基本上，透過政府官方或是政治大學選研中心的民調， 可以發現臺灣人民認同的比例，遠遠超過所謂中國人認同的比例。但是為什麼在兩岸日益緊密的當代，反而在大數據是呈現這樣一個反向成長呢？因此，本論文將探究中國大陸對臺等舉措之相關關係令臺灣人民對中國認同之轉變，並藉此檢視兩岸當代之困境，並期待以此可做未來兩岸政府政策研擬之參考，本論文欲探討目的有以下三點。一、 為何當代臺灣人民對於中國認同低弱。二、 檢視兩岸政治差異下的發展，並探討之。三、 探討兩岸政治差異將如何影響著臺灣人民對於中國認同之變化，並給予研究建議。希望能就此議題提供相關建議，並能嘗試回答此現象之意義。關鍵詞：認同、民主化、兩岸政策、政治差異
Taiwan and China have intensive interacted economically, politically, and culturally recently. After the third rotation in Taiwan, both KMT and DPP have to face the issues of cross-strait policies and how to interact with China. Nonetheless, there is still no consensus on national identity instead of there are great gaps and even oppositional ideas in Taiwan. The main controversy is on the positioning of Taiwan and China. Basically the poll by Election Study Center, National Chengchi University showed that the Taiwanese identity trumped the Chinese identity overwhelmingly in Taiwan.What is the reason for such big data demonstration in this intensively interacting time across the strait? The study attempts to discuss the impacts of Taiwan policies of Chinese government on the alternations of Chinese identity of people in Taiwan and to examine the predicament of both sides in expected to serve as the references for future policymakers. The questions rose in this study are:1. How people in Taiwan have low Chinese identity?2. What are the differences between the political developments of Taiwan and China?3. How would the political differences influence on the alternation of Chinese identity in Taiwan.Conclusions and suggestions for future studies will be proposed
非線性常微分方程數值爆炸時間的收斂性;Convergence for the numerical blow up time of a nonlinear ODE problem
No full text盧漢在雲南（1927-1950）;Lu Han in Yunnan(1927-1950)
No full text[[abstract]]雲南一省地處西南，不論抗戰或國共內戰時期都是中央政府的重要後方基地，而特殊地理位置也使中央勢力甚難進入省內。雲南省自民國建立以來僅有五位主政者(蔡鍔、唐繼堯、顧品珍、龍雲、盧漢)，在紛擾不斷的民國時期是為一特例，而盧漢為末任省主席，其任期涵蓋為民國與中共階段（1945-1950），亦甚為特殊。盧漢係滇軍重要將領，也於戰後主政雲南，其前半生兵馬倥傯，戰場表現甚佳，故能震懾各部，其後遂捲入政治洪流中。 雲南在民國初年內部紛爭不斷，最終由龍雲渝1930年後取得主政權。盧漢初於此時嶄露頭角後，旋因發動倒龍政變而遭革職，但龍雲又在抗戰爆發前夕上文蔣中正，請求重用盧漢。盧漢率部投入抗戰使其與中央真正發生關聯，戰場表現使蔣對盧漢甚有印象，也讓蔣尋得能取代龍雲在雲南的人物，在戰後發動昆明事變解決龍雲後，也由盧漢繼位雲南省主席。蔣重用盧漢，即大原因除因為信賴盧漢之外，也係想透過控制盧漢進而控制雲南，但戰後國共兩黨局勢詭變，中央勢力仍舊無法有效進入雲南，即便到了1949年蔣下野後積極於雲南佈局，仍舊無法挽回國民黨的頹勢。由於控制雲南及握有為數不少的軍力，使中央和中共都無法輕易忽略盧漢，此時中央、中共兩者與盧漢分別的互動，即係代表盧漢身處重要位置，亦代表盧漢在不小程度上影響了國共權力鬥爭的過程與結果
拓跋鮮卑早期對外關係之研究（261年～376年）;
No full text[[abstract]]3世紀時，拓跋鮮卑便已活動於河套、陰山一帶，而當時拓跋大人──力微首次帶領族人主動與中原政權──曹魏、西晉接觸，致使拓跋鮮卑的對外關係有重大變化。拓跋力微在與曹魏、西晉交涉期間，逐漸提升或維持自身權威，卻引起西晉不安，導致西晉離間拓跋內部與拓跋部另一盟友──烏桓王庫賢，進而使拓跋內部衰敗、力微憂死。力微逝世後，後繼的拓跋大人──拓跋綽、祿官藉由和宇文部聯姻，恢復拓跋部勢力。拓跋祿官在位大人時，拓跋鮮卑分為三部，而西晉內部爆發八王之亂，並使西晉諸王與并州刺史為了對抗敵對宗族勢力，以及趁勢而起的匈奴劉淵勢力，各自主動拉攏拓跋鮮卑。至此，拓跋鮮卑的國際地位大幅提升，而後的拓跋大人──猗盧透過出兵援助西晉并州刺史，對抗劉淵、劉聰一族建立的漢國，向西晉朝廷索得代公、代王之位，並逐漸將自身勢力版圖向南推進。猗盧索得代公、代王後，也對國內造成隱憂，甚至在猗盧意外死亡後爆發，並再次使拓跋內部衰敗。同時，拓跋內部逐漸出現兩支派系爭奪代王之位，而此兩支派系各自在慕容、鐵弗、宇文、賀蘭與後趙之間周旋，並影響兩支派系之間消長。取得最終勝利的派系於拓跋什翼犍在位代王時，雖然與周圍的後趙、慕容與鐵弗有過衝突，但是什翼犍不計前嫌與此三個政權和好，又向慕容、鐵弗建立聯姻關係。不過鐵弗最終接受前秦扶植，改與什翼犍為敵，並導致前秦出動大軍消滅什翼犍與代國。綜觀拓跋鮮卑早期對外關係，始終與拓跋鮮卑為敵的政權只有劉淵建立的漢國，而拓跋鮮卑與其他接觸過的政權皆曾有同盟、聯姻、依附等和好關係，但其和好關係有高低、平等之分。尤其拓跋鮮卑曾經成為曹魏、西晉、宇文、賀蘭、後趙、慕容此六個政權的附庸，又始終無法消滅或兼併曾經成為底下附庸勢力的鐵弗，顯示拓跋早期勢力發展受限。然而，拓跋早期歷代首領也透過各類和好關係，鞏固自身權力與壯大整個政權
胸腔採樣輔助定位機械手臂之設計與分析;Design and Analysis of Assist Surgical Positioning for Transthoracic Biopsy
No full text[[abstract]]本研究提出一整合醫療輔助機械手臂與採樣路徑規劃系統，並將此應用於胸腔採樣手術，應用時是根據電腦斷層掃瞄之醫學影像資料，則設計與建構出能避開受肋骨遮蔽到達採樣目標之路徑規劃供醫師與醫療輔助機械手臂使用，而醫療輔助機械手臂便運用此路徑，輔助醫師進行胸腔內的採樣手術。在研究中，假設需取樣的細胞在活體胸腔中，而必須考慮採樣目標可能受肋骨遮蔽之情況，增加採樣手術之難度與手術風險，因此須建構採樣路徑規劃系統。首先，藉由醫學影像資料，如電腦斷層掃瞄，利用程式取得採樣點在胸腔內的位置，建構出避開肋骨的採樣路徑；接著使用此採樣路徑，匯入醫療輔助機械手臂系統中，此系統是整合Delta機械手臂與遠程運動中心機構中的平行四邊形機構兩部分，是以Delta機械手臂做為移動載具，移動並定位至胸腔上的插入位置，再使用平行四邊形機構兩個旋轉自由度，去貼合採樣路徑，輔助醫師進行採樣手術。最後，利用假人模型的電腦斷層掃描，驗證採樣路徑規劃系統的可行性與醫療輔助械手臂之精度。經由實驗驗證，本研究所架構之即時追蹤系統可建立路徑，而醫療輔助機械手臂中的Delta機械手臂重覆精度可達1.5mm，平行四邊形機構旋轉精度為2度，符合胸腔採樣手術之需求。
This study proposes an assist surgical positioning system for transthoracic biopsy. Since the biopsy target in the thoracic would be sheltered by rib, the transthoracic biopsy become difficult for expperienceless surgeon. So that, this system can provide surgeon with the preoperative planning and robot-guided positioning of biopsy needle. The system composes of two subsystems: CAS system and 5DOF robot guidance system. The end effector of the 5DOF robot would be automatically positioned correctly to assist surgeon place the biopsy needle while obtaining the data of the needle placement planed in CAS system. The reference marks need to be set on the patient during CT scan, and the image system is set up to establish the transformation between the two coordinates of the CAS system and 5DOF robot system. Furthermore, the markers need to be captured in CT scan and image system no matter what position the patient lie on the operation table. In addition, the 5DOF robot system composes of the Delta robot with three translational DOF and RCM mechanism with two rotational DOF, and the RCM mechanism is installed on the end effector of the Delta robot. Finally, the feasibility of the assist surgical positioning system for transthoracic biopsy has been confirmed via the experiment applied the dummy
第二代摩擦攪拌扣件製程開發;Second Generation Friction Clinching Process Development
No full text[[abstract]]本研究結合傳統摩擦攪拌點銲(Friction Stir Spot Welding)及擠壓扣件(Clinching)技術，建立新一代摩擦攪拌扣件(Friction Stir Clinching)技術應用於鋁合金6061-T6及熱浸鋅低碳鋼板SGCC的點接合。本製程使用兩把刀具(擴孔刀及回填刀)及一座底板模具。擴孔刀用於下試片擴孔成型，回填刀用於上試片材料回填，底板模具用於控制扣件形狀。研究工作分成三部份，首先完成擴孔刀及底板模具設計，再利用田口法及金相觀察，找出合適的擴孔製程參數組合；接著完成回填刀設計，同樣利用田口法及金相觀察，找出合適的回填製程參數組合；最後根據最佳刀具設計及參數組合，完成剪力試片製作，進行靜態拉伸、疲勞測試及金相觀察。研究結果顯示摩擦攪拌扣件的力學特性、顯微組織及破壞模式皆在水準以上，在工業應用上具有可行性。
A new friction stir clinching (FSC) process which combines the "traditional" friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process and the clinching process is used to join aluminum 6061-T6 and hot dip galvanized steel (SGCC) sheets. Two tools, an enlarging tool and a refilling tool, and a die are used in this process. The enlarging tool can deform the lower sheet as a button structure, the refilling tool can push the upper sheet materials back to the button structure, and the die can control the button shape. The research works for the FSC process can be divided into three parts. First, the design of the enlarging tool and die is accomplished. The appropriate processing parameters for enlarging are obtained by the Taguchi method and metallurgical analyses. Next, the design of the refilling tool is accomplished and the appropriate processing parameters for refilling are obtained by the same way. Finally, based on the appropriate processing parameters, the FSC lap-shear specimens are made for the quasi-static tensile tests, fatigue tests, and metallurgical analyses. The experimental results show that the quality of FSC joints, including mechanical performance, microstructure, and failure mode, is above average. The FSC process is feasible for the industry
應用類神經演算法預測發泡材料特性與超薄晶圓針測參數;Applying Artificial Neural Network to Predict the Material Property of Foam and Probe Shape in Thin-Wafer Probing Test.
No full text[[abstract]]本研究在於探討如何利用類神經演算法以配合材料數值模型分析之需求，來分析出未來產品設計所需之關鍵材料參數或製程參數，如超薄晶圓(25 μm – 75 μm)於針測時之可靠度設計準則，以及發泡材料於中高速率下中高應變率(100 and 102 s?1)之應力-應變參數。 在晶圓針測上，超薄晶圓針測可靠度一直只能依靠實際針測測試，才能評估出可靠之製程參數，本研究運用舊有之實際針測行程，搭配發展之超薄晶圓強度機械性質測試，進而使用數值分析模型獲取於針測行程中相關參數對晶圓破裂強度所帶來的影響，之後並針對不同超薄厚度晶圓強度與多層針型參數，使用類神經演算法以得到一針測製程參數預測模式，使其加快針測工程師快速設計針測參數與針型之依據。 在發泡材料中高速率衝擊測試上多是使用落下測試(Drop Test)，然而落下測試僅僅只能獲取材料之回彈高度等參數，尤其當材料外型幾何變得複雜時，便無法確認材料之緩衝能力，故本研究基於舊有落下測試下運用高速攝影機搭配低密度發泡材料數值模型，以及類神經演算法，建立起新的一套能夠測試出發泡材料在中高速應變率下之各應力-應變參數的方法。 由兩項研究實驗與模擬驗證結果可知，基於舊實驗方式再配合開發出之新式實驗技術，以及數值模型搭配類神經演算法的分析下，可得到以往實驗中無法獲取之關鍵材料與製程可靠度設計參數，進而提供設計者或工程師有效之產品設計。
In this paper, the finite element method is employed in conjunction with the neural network to predict the thin wafer probing needle shape parameter and EVA foam material stress-strain curve at different specific strain rates.Mechanical contact caused by using excessive probe force produces an oversized scrubbing mark that may result in damage to the die pad and the silicon chip breaking for thin wafer. Therefore, investigating the relationship between the wafer thickness and the limited breaking stress of the wafer, and applying this relationship as a basis for establishing suitable design rules for a multilayer needle layout are crucial. In this paper, two experimental techniques, Three-Point-Bending (TPB) test and Ball-On-Ring (BOR), were set up and carried out to measure the force-displacement relation of various wafer thickness (100 ?m – 25 ?m). The results from the testing then coupled with finite element analysis to reverse finding the breaking stress/strain as a function of wafer thickness. In addition, experimental set up with a single tungsten needle probe contact with Al pad were employed to investigate the relations between the overdrive, beam length and scrub mark length. An Neural Network inverse analysis technique combined with a finite element model for probing process parameter identification was developed to determine the multilayer needle shape.EVA foams, like all other polymers, also exhibit strain-rate effects and hysteresis. However, currently available approaches for predicting the mechanical response of polymeric foam subjected to an arbitrarily imposed loading history and strain-rate effect are highly limited. Especially, the strain rates in the intermediate rate domain (between 100 and 102 s?1) are extremely dif?cult to study. The use of data generated through the drop tower technique for implementation in constitutive equations or numerical models has not been considered in past studies. In this study, an experiment including a quasi-static compression test and drop impact tests with a high speed camera was conducted. An Neural Network inverse analysis technique combined with a finite element model for material parameter identification was developed to determine the stress–strain behavior of foam at different specific strain rates
不同離子強度緩衝液下利用奈米間隙濃縮蛋白質之研究;Protein Preconcentration Utilizing Nano-insterstices between Self-Assembled gold nanoparticles under different Buffer concentrations
No full text[[abstract]]人體內微量的蛋白質配合奈微米尺度的流道設計，可利用電壓的施加使的微米流道內產生蛋白質濃縮的現象，藉由預濃縮能夠提升蛋白免疫檢測的靈敏度，應用於癌症的早期診斷，且可更快速的對人類血液進行分析，並減少生物樣本的消耗；利用設計的濃縮晶片能夠將樣本蛋白經濃縮後藉由濃度的提高而增加免疫反應中抗原抗體鍵結反應的靈敏度。本研究設計並製造出能濃縮蛋白質之檢測微晶片，流道是以低成本的聚二甲基矽氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)轉印經由黃光微影製程的晶片圖形，利用自組裝金奈米粒子(AuNPs)在施加電場時會產生奈米裂縫，這時會有濃度極化現象發生，離子損耗區會有電雙層的堆疊，堆疊的厚度與金奈米粒子一致，來進行蛋白質濃縮，本研究使用市售螢光胎牛血清蛋白來進行濃縮實驗，本研究成果顯示，探討不同的緩衝液的濃度下進行濃縮蛋白實驗，實驗結果顯示4 mM 濃度為較適當濃度進行蛋白質濃縮。
In this study, the preconcentration chip for proteins was fabricated using simple standard soft lithography with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replica.Surface modification with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) and of gold nanoparticles were done on the surface of the present chip. When an electric field was applied the preconcentration chip, it generated Nano-insterstices. Self-assembled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) had the exclusion-enrichment effect at this time. Ion stacked thickness as the same as Self-assembled gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) in ion depletion region.At this moment, protein could be concentrated because it had enough electric double layer thickness.In this study, different Phosphate buffer concentration had different electric double layer thickness,According the experimental results, 4 mM concentration was suitable concentration