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中底發泡成型模內溫度分析與異型水路設計;Experimental Analysis of The Temperature Distribution and Conformal Cooling Design in the midsoles manufacturing process
No full text[[abstract]]在鞋業中底發泡製程中，所使用之高分子原料的種類繁多，故針對不同材料特性之掌握不易。在實際製程上也因此普遍存在產品尺寸誤差與製程設定條件變異大的問題。本研究主要目的係在射出發泡成型系統上建立一個塑料升溫歷程的量測方法，進一步將其量測數據結合由實驗取得的同類型發泡材料之熱傳導係數，兩者數據代入類神經訓練法後，並取得較佳之溫度變化的熱傳導係數。最終將較佳之材料參數導入實際鞋型模具，使有限元素法進行鞋型塑料升溫歷程之分析。取得發泡鞋型中底塑料溫度分佈之數據，將有助於塑料成型尺寸的估算與發泡成品品質之提升。
Various types of polymer materials are used in manufacture of midsoles in the footwear industry. The variety of those materials as well as their diverse properties pose difficulties in the midsoles manufacturing process. This often causes an instability in manufacturing configurations and a large tolerance in molding sizes. In this study, we create and implement a material temperature tracking method for a foam molding system used in the shoe manufacturing process. A model of temperature-to-thermal-conductivity-coefficient mapping is obtained by using a self-trained neural network. This model is then used by Finite Element Method to carry out analysis of heat distribution. This improves the accuracy in the estimation of the molding size and helps with the quality of the final products
非真空高分子曲狀光波導式生物感測器;Development of vacuum-less polymer curved optical waveguide biosensors
No full text[[abstract]]本論文以SU-8高分子作為波導材料，開發出具有錐狀及彎曲波導之低成本生物感測器及其量測系統，此感測器的特點為利用波導之彎曲能量損失作為量測機制，不但製程簡單，具有不錯的折射率解析度，且感測器具有快速檢測及免標定的特點，未來能與表面電漿共振(SPR)或粒子電漿共振(PPR)等機機制作結合，進一步提升感測器性能。 本研究首先探討彎曲波導之結構對感測器靈敏度之影響，我們以有限元素法模擬感測系統對感測器的錐狀波導、彎曲波導、波導尺寸及光場分佈，探討影響感測器性能之因素，從結果可發現當波導尺寸在微米等級的情況下，降低波導寬度及厚度提升使感測器性能，且得知當待測物折射率提升時所量測到之光強度會下降，這個趨勢和金薄膜或金奈米粒子在平面波導上之效應相同，代表將此感測器與其他化學效應進行整合來提升感測器性能是可行的。 本研究的第二項重點為以SU-8光阻作為波導結構之製程，我們以市售玻璃載玻片作為基板，並利用黃光微影製程將SU-8光阻製作在基板上作為波導，全程不需經過真空製程，不但降低感測器生產成本，生產效率亦能提升2至3倍，且製作出之感測器能達到5.66×?10?^(-4)的折射率解析度。
This study uses SU-8 polymer as a waveguide material to develop a low-cost biosensor and measurement system with taper and curved waveguide structures. This sensor uses waveguide bending loss as a mechanism for measurement. This process is simple and has a good refractive index resolution. The sensor has a high detection speed without requiring calibration. It can also be combined with features such as surface plasmon resonance, particle plasmon resonance, or other similar mechanisms to further improve sensor performance. This study first investigated the effects of curved waveguide structures on sensor sensitivity. Finite element analysis was used to investigate the effects of taper waveguides, curved waveguides, waveguide dimensions, and optical field distribution on sensor performance. The results show that when the waveguide dimensions are in the micron range, the waveguide’s width and thickness are reduced, hence increasing sensor performance. Moreover, when the refractive index of the subject of measurement increases, the measured light intensity decreases. This effect is similar to that observed using gold film or gold nanoparticles on planar waveguides, which means that combining the sensor with other chemical effects to improve sensor performance is possible. Next, in this study, we used SU-8 photoresists as the structures for producing waveguides. We used commercially available glass as a substrate and photolithography to place the SU-8 photoresists onto the substrate to act as waveguides. Because the process did not require a vacuum, the production cost of the sensor decreased and the production efficiency increased by 2–3 folds. Moreover, the sensors produced had a refractive index resolution of up to 5.66 × 10?4
矽基鍺錫異質結光電晶體之研製;Development of Silicon-based GeSn Heterojunction Phototransistors
No full text[[abstract]]本研究主要目標為研製可以操作在短波紅外線範圍的矽基鍺錫光電晶體，與一般傳統四族半導體材料矽與鍺相比，鍺錫合金具有較小的能隙及較佳的紅外線吸收效率，而且可以有效整合在矽晶圓上，故選擇鍺錫合金作為主要材料來製作出低成本的光電晶體。本研究利用鍺錫合金可以調整吸收波長的特點以及電晶體的電流增益效果發展矽基鍺錫光電晶體，在結構方面我們運用低溫分子束磊晶(Molecular beam epitaxy，MBE)的方式於矽基板上成長光電晶體鍺錫異質結構，並且利用標準CMOS相容製程製作元件；元件的響應度量測結果顯示，光偵測截止波長由1550nm成功地延伸至2000nm，顯示我們已成功地製作出能操作於新興的紅外線波段之光電晶體。本研究所發展的鍺錫光電晶體之性能未來可以再藉由改善電晶體射極、基極、集極三層的厚度及摻雜之濃度，並且增加鍺錫吸收層以及調整鍺錫合金內錫的含量，提升電流增益而進一步實現高性能短波紅外線光偵測，使其在光纖通訊、氣體偵測以及紅外線科技上有重要的應用。關鍵字:鍺錫合金、紅外線、光電晶體、響應度
This study mainly aimed to develop a silicon-based germanium–tin phototransistor that can operate in the shortwave infrared range. Compared to the traditional silicon and germanium materials that are used in IV compound semiconductors, germanium–tin alloys exhibiting a smaller energy gap and a higher infrared absorption efficiency can also be effectively integrated into a silicon wafer. Therefore, they have been selected as the main material to produce low-cost phototransistors. The proposed silicon-based germanium–tin phototransistor was developed based on the specific characteristics of germanium–tin alloys, including adjustable absorption of wavelength and current gain effect of transistors. The low temperature molecular beam epitaxy method was used to fabricate germanium–tin-based phototransistors with a heterogeneous structure on a silicon substrate, and the component was made using a standard CMOS-compatible process. The results of the measurement of the component’s responsivity showed that the light detection cutoff wavelength was successfully extended from 1550 nm to 2000 nm, indicating that we successfully produced a phototransistor capable of operating in the new infrared band. The performance of the germanium–tin phototransistor developed in this study can further be enhanced by improving the thickness of the emitter, base, and collector; improving the doping concentration; increasing germanium–tin absorption layers, adjusting the tin content of the germanium–tin alloy; and enhancing the current gain. With all these improvements, a high-performance shortwave infrared light detection can be realized, increasing the applications of germanium–tin phototransistors in the fields of fiber optic communications, gas detection, and infrared technology.Keywords: germanium–tin alloy, infrared, phototransistor, responsivit
雙螺帽滾珠螺之預壓力、轉速及溫度影響效應分析;
No full text[[abstract]]本文為研究預壓力、轉速及環境溫度對雙螺帽滾珠螺摩擦扭矩的影響，採用實驗量測、理論分析及有限元素分析。實驗方面，設計及製作第二代可變預壓雙螺帽滾珠螺桿，採用氣壓動力及數位式氣閥，配合大型恆溫箱，可量測預壓力、溫度及轉速對摩擦扭矩的關係。理論分析方面，採用Olaru理論模型，搭配溫度-黏滯係數，可估算出滾珠螺桿在不同預壓力、轉速及溫度狀態下的理論扭矩值。有限元素分析方面，建立第二代雙螺帽滾珠螺桿模型，採用力量控制設定預壓力，配合新網格設計及等效摩擦係數，成功模擬螺桿摩擦扭矩與轉速、預壓力及溫度的關係。最後，進行實驗、理論及模擬數據的比較及討論，除了了解各別參數與摩擦扭矩間的關係外，還可透過了解各參數間的交互作用，以及確認Olaru理論模型的完整適用範圍。
The research work presented the investigation of the effects of preload, rotational speed and environmental temperature on the friction torque of double-nut ball screws based on the experimental, theoretical and numerical approaches. In the experimental part, we designed and manufactures second generation adjustable-preload double-nut ball screw platform, use pneumatic force and digital valve with large incubator, measure the relationship between preload, rotational speed and environmental temperature on the friction torque. In the analytical part, based on the theoretical model of Olaru et al., estimate the ball screw in different preload, and temperature of the theoretical torque value by temperature-viscosity coefficient. In the numerical part, we developed a second generation double-nut ball screw model and use force to control preload, with new mesh and friction coefficient design. Successfully simulate the relationship between the friction torque of the screw and the preload, rotational speed and environmental temperature. Finally, the comparison and discussion of experimental, theoretical and numerical data, in addition to understanding the relationship between the parameters and friction torque, but also by understanding the interaction between the parameters, and confirm the Olaru theoretical model of the full scope of applicatio
五軸等高輪廓法應用於牙冠加工;Z-Level Contour Method Applied to Dental Crown Machining in?Five-Axis?Milling.
No full text[[abstract]]在複雜曲面的牙冠加工中，傳統三軸加工遇到銑削內凹區域時，必須不斷調整進刀方向以進行切削，但還是無法加工出完整的倒凹區域，導致牙冠表面及接合面精度無法達成設計需求。因此本研究發展一套新的五軸刀具路徑產生法則，以三角網格模型(STL, Stereo Lithography)為基礎，混合C-Space與向心法快速搜尋刀具軸向，建立一套自動化路徑生成的電腦輔助製造(Computer-aided manufacturing, CAM)系統應用於牙冠加工。傳統三軸加工對於外型複雜的牙齒已不敷使用，對於牙齒倒凹部分無法達成加工需求，本論文利用STL為基礎產生五軸刀具路徑，在規劃基礎刀具路徑前，對待處理的工件模型進行轉正以減少刀具傾角變化，利用Z-Level產生等高的刀具路徑，最後利用C-Space與向心法混合規劃刀具軸向，完成一套應用於牙冠加工的五軸電腦輔助製造系統。
In a dental CAD/CAM system, when milling the concave area of the inside surface of a tooth crown, the machining direction of the tool has to be adjusted constantly in order to avoid gauging or over-cutting. For some under-cut area, the tool also needs to be tilted to machine the under-cut area, otherwise the crown may not seat properly on the abutment due to interference. The purpose of this research is to establish a new 5-axis tool path generation algorithm. Based on the triangular mesh model, a hybrid C-Space and Centroid method is proposed to quickly search the proper tool axis directions. The establishment of a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system for automatic tool-path generation is applied to dental crown machining. The traditional 3-axis machining, when applied to complex surface milling of a dental crown, has never been satisfactory. It cannot produce the desired smooth and gauging free surface. In this thesis, we use the STL format to generate a 5-axis tool-path. First, the orientation of the workpiece will be corrected to reduce tool inclination changes. Secondly, the system generates the tool-path by the Z-Level algorithm. Finally, we use the proposed hybrid C-Space and Centripetal method to determine the tool axis. The integration of the above methods makes the automatic tool-path generation of the crown surface possible, which is very important for the automation of a dental CAD/CAM system
氧化鐵污泥熱裂解處理機制研究;A Processing Mechanism Research: Pyrolysis of iron oxide sludge
No full text[[abstract]]隨著工業的進步，環保議題日趨重要。工業加工處理製程留下許多廢棄液體，經脫水處理後的汙泥，現階段依然採用掩埋方式處理。因應永續經營、環保意識抬頭，我們將設計一種能夠將製程中所產生的汙泥減量且再利用的方法，並評估商業化價值。本研究進入嘉太工業區盤元線材製造廠，蒐集產線中可能排放之廢棄污泥樣品，以廢棄氧化鐵污泥為主，於無氧環境中作熱裂解法處理，裂解爐由常溫加熱到150℃並持溫一個小時，每次間隔100℃蒐集冷凝液體，逐步加熱至650℃。其後將磷酸鋅污泥和污水處理廠堆置污泥餅用一樣的實驗計畫進行熱裂解法處理，並比較三種資材裂解後殘留固體性質、冷凝液熱值等等，藉此探討有機污泥和重金屬汙泥熱裂解的反應現象。我們也將線材廠球化酸洗製程縮小至實驗室，依現有裂解爐進行球化結構、酸洗除鏽及表面處理，進而推估原料於製程中實際耗損率，亦藉由金相圖判斷球化完成度。最後應用於廠房設備，採用市售大型乾燥裂解爐，計算使用此設備協助公司節省之清運成本，並分析裂解後汙泥再利用價值，以達永續經營理念、台灣綠色工廠指標之一。
With the advancement of industry, environmental issues are becoming increasingly important. Industrial processing and processing process left a lot of waste liquid, dehydrated sludge, and at this stage is still used to deal with buried. In response to sustainable development and environmental awareness, we will devise a method of reducing and reusing the sludge produced in the process and assessing the commercial value.This study entered the steel wire rode factory in Jiatai Industrial Park, collecting production lines may be the discharge of waste sludge samples. Mainly to waste iron oxide sludge, it was treated by doing pyrolysis in an oxygen-free environment. The pyrolysis furnace was heated from room temperature to 150 ° C and held for one hour at a time interval of 100 ° C to collect condensate and gradually heated to 650 ° C. And then do the zinc phosphate sludge and sewage treatment plant piling sludge cake with the same experimental plan for thermal decomposition, and compare the three materials after the residue of solid properties, the condensate heat value, etc., to explore the organic pollution of mild and heavy metal sludge Pyrolysis reaction.We also shrink down the spheroidized pickling process from the steel wire rod factory to the laboratory, We will also wire rod acidification process to reduce the laboratory, according to the existing pyrolysis furnace for the ball structure, pickling rust and surface treatment, and then estimate the raw material in the process of the actual wear rate, but also determine spheroidization completion by the metallographic diagram.Finally practical in plant equipment, using commercially available large-scale dry pyrolysis furnace. Calculate the use of this equipment to help companies reduce the cost of cleaning and analysis the reuse value of post- decomposition sludge. To achieve sustainable business philosophy, one of Taiwan's green factory indicators
中國大陸「21世紀海上絲綢之路」戰略構想之研究：兼論對其兩岸關係之影響;
No full text[[abstract]]「一帶一路」(One Belt and One Road)指的是「絲綢之路經濟帶」及「21世紀海上絲綢之路」，此戰略是中國大陸領導人習近平於2013年提出之跨國區域經濟合作構想。希望透過此一國家戰略，使中國影響力能夠貫穿亞歐非大陸，建構連結東亞及歐洲經濟圈的共同體。「海上絲綢之路」是中國大陸要延續中國古代海上絲綢之路精神的傳承；但另一方面，則是希望藉由區域經貿、外交及文化合作，以連結和深化沿線國家的關係，以利中國大陸成為「海洋強國」的目標。另因應美國重返亞太戰略所形成的戰略包圍，亦有向西突破的深層意義。由於臺灣正處在「海上絲綢之路」的核心位置，因此對於中國大陸的「海上絲綢之路」戰略有必要加以關注及分析。我國為以出口導向的海島型經濟體，持續推展單邊、雙邊、多邊貿易、自由貿易區、兩岸經濟合作架構協議等區域經濟整合型態，然而從2015年2月起至2016年4月，出口已呈現連續第15個月負增長，因此藉本文分析「21世紀海上絲綢之路」與我國可能的發展，建立兩岸彼此都能接受、適宜的合作模式，並以取其利避其害為要旨，改善我國目前部分的經濟困境，除了持續維持兩岸和平現狀外，應善用地緣優勢的經貿地位，使臺灣融入區域貿易組織的態勢中，掌握商機，藉以創造臺灣利益。
" One Belt and One Road " refers to the " Silk Road Economic Belt " and " 21st Century Maritime Silk Road " , this grand strategy and regional economic cooperation concept is put forward by the president of People`s Republic Of China (PROC) Xi Jinping in 2013 . By this national grand strategy , China can influence throughout include the Asia, Europe and Africa continents , East Asia and the European Community Construction link economic circle ." Maritime Silk Road " is the mainland china to perpetuate the spirit of Chinese ancient maritime Silk Road heritage ; but on the other hand , it is hoped by regional economic , diplomatic and cultural cooperation , and deepen relations with countries along the link , in order to facilitate mainland china has become the " maritime power " goals. Another deep meaning in response to the US Asia-Pacific strategy to return the strategic encirclement formed , also west breakthrough . Since Taiwan is at the heart of the " Maritime Silk Road " , so the " Maritime Silk Road " strategy is essential for Taiwan. .Our island is export -oriented economies , continued to forward the unilateral, bilateral, multilateral trade , free trade , cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement and other regional economic integration patterns , but from February 2015 until April 2016 , exports have been presented for 15 consecutive months of negative growth , and therefore by the paper analysiss the possible development of " 21st century maritime Silk Road " , the both sides can establish a mutually acceptable and appropriate mode of cooperation, and to avoid the harm whichever benefit is the gist improvement of the economic difficulties currently part of , in addition to continuing to maintain the status quo of cross-strait peace , but should make good use of the geographic advantage of trade and economic status , making Taiwan into the trend of regional trade organization , to grasp business opportunities , in order to create and increase Taiwan's national core interests
英語作為共通語對學術寫作的挑戰與回應;Identifying and Responding to the Challenges in ELF Academic Writing
No full text[[abstract]]近二十年來，英語作為共通語(ELF)在學術場所中的研究已如雨後春筍般的發展，同時，相關學者也提出許多對於傳統英語教學的挑戰，包括對於將語言學習者視為合理的語言使用者或者將學習者錯誤視為變異等看法，雖然如此，英語作為共通語與學術寫作及其教學法尚未受到重視，有鑑於此，本研究旨在探討(1) 英語作為共通語情境之下兩個句法規則(冠詞與過去式標記)的變異情形以及(2)教師對於這兩種變異用法在學術寫作中的看法。針對第一個研究目標，研究者從一門大學通識課蒐集188篇的反思短文以及從一門研究所研究與寫作的課程蒐集84篇研究草稿，利用VARBRRUL的統計方法進行迴歸分析。在冠詞變異使用方面，結果發現聽者的背景知識、名詞的可數性和在子句中的位置對於冠詞使用的變異有影響，進而歸納非標準冠詞使用可主要歸因於母語遷移或語用及篇章效應。此外，就過去式標記變異方面，結果顯示當動詞類型為BE動詞或規則動詞時，ELF 使用者傾向使用現在式而非過去式，代表過去式與現在式的語音差異程度對過去式標記有顯著影響，另外，當動詞時貌為狀態動詞時，使用者偏好使用現在式而非過去式，代表動詞本身內涵靜態性、持續性與無終點性影響使用者過去式標記的情形。了解語言內部對於變異用法的影響後，研究者進而訪問十位在台灣曾經利用英語作為共通語授課的大學教授來了解他們的看法，透過內容分析，結果發現所有的受訪者對於文本中出現這兩種變異用法的情形均不會造成理解上的問題，但對於過去式的變異用法稍有負面觀感，此外，受訪者也透露幾個風格上的因素會影響是否接受變異型態句法的使用，這些因素包含課程本質、言談社群、寫作結果風險及班級人數，如果課程為非研究導向、言談社群相對不開放、寫作風險低與班級人數多的情形，英語作為共通語的變異特色可以較為接受，反之，如果課程為研究導向、言談社群為開放、寫作風險高與班級人數少，這些因素則影響受訪者不能接受英語作為共通語的變異特色。另外，就審查投稿期刊而言，大部分受訪者認為統一標準還是需要存在，這些看法顯示在討論英語作為共通語及學術寫作時，言談社群的概念必須納入考量，具備使用符合特定言談社群的語言使用能力才能被視為圈內人。總結來說，變異用法並非混亂的錯誤而是具有系統性、有規則的自然用法，因此這些變異用法應被視為合理的變異情形。採取這樣包容觀點並結合質化訪談中所獲得的結果，研究者提出教師與學生首先需要對英語作為共通語有態度上的轉變，透過語料庫、接觸具有共通語變異特色的文章或者同儕評閱等教學活動，學生與老師雙方皆能對英語作為共通語的現象有正面的概念。另外，老師也需要提醒學生學術寫作中風格因素的限制，在哪些情境之下，變異型態句法能夠被接受，而在哪些情境則無法，在評量方面，研究者建議教師需要先區分正式/非正式的用法，再區分合文法/不合文法的用法，最後區分標準用法/變異用法。
The past two decades have seen a tremendous amount of research on ELF spoken communication in academic settings. Substantial reconceptualizations have also been proposed to challenge the traditional concepts in English teaching, including rethinking language learners as legitimate language users and learners’ errors as different uses. However, studies on ELF academic writing and its pedagogy are still sparse. This research, therefore, aimed to investigate (1) the variation of two ELF morphosyntactic features, variant use of articles and nonstandard past-tense marking, and (2) how teachers perceived the two ELF features in academic writing. In response to the first goal, the researcher collected 188 short essays of class reflection from one general education course at undergraduate level and 84 draft research papers from one research and writing class at graduate level. The written texts were analyzed by a variable rule analysis (VARBRUL) to show systematic patterns of the two ELF features. In terms of the variation of the variant use of articles, the results showed that NPs assumed to be known to the hearer (+HK) and countable plural nouns favored zero article when the was supposed to be used. +HK and clause initial position favored zero when a was supposed to be used. +HK and clause initial position favored the when zero was the obligatory article. In general, the findings suggested that L1 transfer effect and pragmatic and discourse effects contributed to the variant use of articles. With respect to the variant use of past-tense marking, the results showed that when verbs were copula and regular verbs, they favored present tense instead of past-tense marking. This indicated that phonetic saliency had impacts on the use of past-tense. In addition, when verbs were state verbs, they also favored present tense rather than past-tense marking, suggesting lexical aspects had effects on the variant use of past-tense marking. To address the second question on teachers’ perceptions of the two linguistic features in writing, ten professors who had experience in using ELF for teaching were recruited for interviews. By using content analysis, the findings revealed that all of the interviewees showed no incomprehension when variant use of articles and past-tense marking were present in the texts, but more negative attitude was revealed toward the past-tense marking variants. Moreover, several style-related factors that could influence the acceptance of ELF were identified, including the nature of the course, discourse communities, stakes of writing activities, and class size. It is found that when courses are not research-oriented, have local discourse communities, low-stakes writing activities and large student number, the use of ELF features are acceptable. However, when courses are research-oriented, have global discourse communities, high-stakes writing activities and small student number, standard English is more preferred. In addition, in contexts such as journal publication where ELF is the common situation, standard forms are still the norm in that it is the practice of a discourse community. Drawing insights from the quantitative and qualitative analyses, the researcher proposed some implications for ELF writing pedagogy. First, it is argued that the variant usages should not be seen as chaotic errors but natural uses. Accordingly, in line with the major claims in ELF paradigm, variant usages in the present study should be seen as variants but not simply errors because they have systematic and rule-governed patterns. To incorporate this idea into ELF academic writing, it is suggested that using corpus, texts with ELF features, and peer-reviews are useful resources that should be introduced to teachers and students for an attitude shift. In addition, students should be informed to be sensitive to the stylistic factors and the existing standard so that they could select which code is more appropriate. Finally, with respect to assessment, it is suggested that teachers need to distinguish between formal and informal styles at discourse level, followed by grammatical/ungrammatical uses and standard/variant forms
一位準教師在蘭嶼的英語教學研究：融合觀光元素的達悟學童英語教學;A Pre-service Teacher’s Journey on Orchid Island: Integrating Tourism into English Teaching to Yami Children
No full text[[abstract]]本研究為英語教學質性研究，探討一位準教師如何將蘭嶼達悟文化融入英語課程，並討論其教學回饋與發現。本研究以蔡清田（2000）提出的行動研究為研究架構，並根據研究步驟分做「研究前期」、「研究中期」及「研究後期」依序討論此教學研究過程及成果。筆者在「研究前期」以科技部計畫兼任研究助理身份到蘭嶼進行田野調查，發現研究問題「如何在不違背課綱為前提提供符合蘭嶼學童興趣及需要的英語課程—觀光英語課程」後，進入兩所小學進行英語課室觀察，以瞭解達悟學童的達悟文化背景及英語學習需求。經過觀察與探究，不僅發現達悟學童有創造力且個性活潑大方，更是有節奏感，對音樂融入的英語課程有高度的興趣。因此，筆者在「研究中期」將「觀光」及「音樂」兩元素融入英語課程，並與專家諮詢對象共同討論此達悟文化為中心的英語課程，接著將課程帶入蘭嶼其一小學高年級兩班級英語課堂中。最後，筆者在「研究後期」討論此觀光英語課程對在地學生及英語教師的回饋，以及教學本身的心得，發現此課程對達悟兒童而言是有趣且實用的，當地教師也肯定此課程的成效，但完整課程的編排與設計則是有待後續做進一步研究設計的部分。
This research is a qualitative research study, documenting the learning process and feedback of a Tourism English course on Orchid Island I taught as a pre-service teacher. There were three stages of this research: “pre-stage”, “middle-stage” and “late-stage”, based on a framework of action research (Tsai, 2000).At the beginning, I discovered that there was a problem in English class on Orchid Island: how to provide an English course which students would be interested in and also would meet the Curriculum Guidelines. In order to resolve this problem, I designed a tourism English course for the Yami (Tao) students based on the students’ outgoing, creative, and music-oriented characteristics observed in their English classes. Secondly, the tourism-and-music-oriented course was designed and taughtin the middle stage. At last, the feedback from both the local English teacher and the students of this course were discussed. Overall, the action research was both empowering to the students and self-empowered to the researcher but how to put the tourism-and-music-oriented course design into the regular curriculum would be another challenge
雲林地區高齡者閩南語分類詞使用研究;A study of Yunlin Elderly's Usage of Classifiers in Taiwan Southern Min
No full text[[abstract]]本研究調查雲林縣口湖鄉高齡者使用閩南語分類詞的情形。由於台灣高齡者人數已超過聯合國世界衛生組織所訂定的7%高齡人口，老化以及高齡議題近來來越發受到重視。本研究希望經由調查瞭解年齡、教育程度以及使用語言的頻率三個因素的互動。 本調查以李美齡(1998)的閩南語分類詞系統研究為參考，目的在研究雲林的高齡者是否在年齡與教育程度兩個因素下有不同的表現。本調查對象分為兩組，第一組為年紀65到80歲的年輕組老人，第二組則為81歲以上的老老人。本研究假設老老人使用的分類詞較少，而年輕老人可能因為接觸環境複雜、受其他語言及媒體影響，其使用分類詞相較下變異較多，同時也假設同年齡層受過教育的老人會使用更多分類詞，而且使用上比沒受過教育的老人分類詞使用不規律。 本研究所挑選的參與者皆為65歲以上，包含可能輕度失智以及正常的老人，因此在調查過程中先執行初步篩檢早期失智症的AD8量表。調查方式是使用圖片的配對出現，一樣的物件以不同數目的方式表現。受訪者看著圖片的指示說出對應與圖片物件搭配的分類詞，調查者針對高齡者在詞彙與分類詞配對表現在年齡以及教育程度的分布進行分析。轉記語料方面，採用國立中正大學成人語料庫拼音輸入法2.0來轉記(Ruan,Hsu, Myers and Tsai, 2012)。本研究發現，在回答完成時間方面，兩年齡組的差異是具有顯著性的，故推測其因素為老化會影響高齡者的反應時間；另一方面，在分類詞的使用數量上，年齡及教育程度在本研究的結果中均未影響其數量的使用，故推測在雲林縣口湖地區，高齡者普遍的認知儲備差異並未受到年齡及教育程度太大的影響，故其差異在統計上並無顯著性。本研究期許在未來能有更大規模針對各地區的研究，希望能夠針對年齡以及教育議題去擴展此類研究，並藉由這些蒐集而來的資訊編纂一套完整的雲嘉地區偏鄉高齡者使用分類詞的資料庫，提供高齡者語言與溝通能力評定的參考。關鍵字：閩南語、分類詞、高齡者、教育程度、老