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以具適應性FM-index延伸法進行三代定序之錯誤校正;Error correction by adaptive FM-index extension for third-generation sequencing
No full text[[abstract]]第三代定序技術速度較快、序列較長，但錯誤率較高，因此進行基因體組裝前，須先進行錯誤校正工作。我們所開發的第三代定序錯誤校正軟體 (FILEC)，和目前最好的錯誤校正軟體 (Canu) 相比，雖然錯誤校正速度較快，且組裝完整度較高，但校正準確率卻有所下降。因此在本論文研究中，我們首先觀察容易發生校正錯誤的區域，通常位於低覆蓋率之重複序列區域 (Repeat Regions) 以及串聯重複序列 (Tandem Repeats)。我們設計出方法能識別這些區域，並針對這些區域特性改良原有錯誤校正演算法。實驗結果指出調整原本非序列比對校正法 (Alignment-free Correction) 能些許改善正確性。但意外發現傳統序列比對校正法 (Alignment-based Correction) 能大幅改善正確性。因此我們結果顯示若要同時改善校正速度與準確性，或許必須均衡二種錯誤校正法之使用時機。
Third-generation sequencing technologies are able to generate longer reads within shorter turnaround time, but they come at the cost of higher sequencing error rates. Therefore, prior to genome assembly, error correction is required to reduce the errors presented in the sequencing reads. The error correction and assembly software that we developed (called FILEC) has improved the speed and contiguity of a leading genome assembler called Canu; however, the assembly accuracy of FILEC is lower than that of Canu. In this thesis, we first investigated the regions FILEC tend to wrongly corrected, and observed that they are regions containing low-coverage repeats and tandem repeats. Subsequently, we develop new methods for identifying and for improving the correction algorithms specifically for these regions. The experimental results indicated that the accuracies can be slightly improved by improving the original alignment-free correction algorithm. But surprisingly, the accuracies can be greatly improved by the slower alignment-based correction using dynamic programming. Our results imply a good balance of alignment-free and alignment-based correction algorithms is crucial for improving both assembly speed and accuracy
中西醫合併肺癌治療的存活分析;Survival Analysis of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Therapy for Lung Cancer
No full text[[abstract]]本論文分析中西醫合併治療的肺癌病患和純西醫治療的肺癌病患的存活時間是否有顯著差異。研究資料是基於大林慈濟及台北慈濟醫院的癌症登記資料庫及門診資料，總共收錄1871筆肺癌病患資料，其中包含228筆採用中西醫合併治療的資料及1643筆採用純西醫治療的資料。論文首先透過卡方檢定得知許多研究變項分布有顯著差異，因此無法直接運用Kaplan-Meier存活分析。論文接著採用Cox風險迴歸分析，將沒有通過等比例假設檢定的研究變項進行分層，並確定有交互作用的研究變項。分析結果顯示採用純西醫治療比採用中西醫合併治療約增加50%的風險並且達到顯著，而中西醫合併治療的存活時間也明顯優於純西醫治療。而本篇論文也發現了8個單味藥與2個方劑在治療肺癌上有顯著的效果，也找出了7組有效的組合藥，約能降低80~90%的死亡風險。
This thesis analyzes whether there is a significant difference in the survival time between lung cancer patients treated with combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine and lung cancer patients treated with western medicine. The research data is based on the cancer registration database and patient information of Dalin Tzu Chi and Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital. There are a total of 1871 lung cancer patients in the research data including 228 data using the treatment of combined TCM and western medicine and 1643 data using western medicine. The chi-square test shows that there are significant differences in the distribution of many research variables. Therefore, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis cannot be directly applied. The Cox risk regression analysis is then applied by stratifying the research variables that do not pass the PH assumption and identifying the research variables with interactions. The results of the analysis show that the risk of using western medicine treatment is about 50% higher than that of using combining TCM and western medicine. The survival time of using western medicine treatment is significantly better than that of using western medicine as well. The results of the analysis also shows that there are 8 herbs, 7 bi-herb combinations, and 2 formulas that have the effects of reducing the risk of death by 80 ~ 90% in the treatment of lung cancer
RAID 4、RAID 5 採用 HDD 及 SSD 後的效能比較 ;RAID 4 and RAID 5 using HDD and SSD Performance comparison between
No full text[[abstract]]目前傳統承軸式硬碟(HDD)儲存容量大、價位低廉及固態式硬碟(SSD)價位也漸漸下壓，可使得RAID(磁碟陣列)階層建構更加容易，也增加提升資料的安全與保存。本文以採2階層RAID 4、RAID 5來做評測，整體建構上較適合個人與小型企業所使用，倘若能普及於國軍各單位所運用，在不增加設備以軟體或是主機板硬體來建構RAID階層相對人力、物力與經費的運用下更能以最少成本發揮最大效益；另傳統承軸式硬碟(HDD)與固態式硬碟(SSD)各RAID階層架構測試中最接近符合國軍現況，以RAID 4、RAID 5階層較為符合，相關實驗數據於文中分述優劣，將列入作為國軍建置最佳建議。
At present, the traditional hard disk drive (HDD) has large storage capacity, low price and solid state hard disk (SSD) price, which can make the RAID (disk array) hierarchy easier to construct and increase the security of data. save. This article uses 2 levels of RAID 4, RAID 5 for evaluation, the overall construction is more suitable for individuals and small businesses, if it can be used in all units of the national army, without adding equipment to software or motherboard hardware The construction of the RAID class can maximize the benefits at the least cost with the use of manpower, material resources and funds. The traditional RAID-based hard disk (HDD) and solid-state hard disk (SSD) RAID architecture tests are the closest to the national army. At present, the RAID 4 and RAID 5 levels are more consistent, and the relevant experimental data is described in the text, which will be listed as the best recommendation for the national army
開發伺服馬達之應用韌體;Develope of applied firmware for servo motors
No full text[[abstract]]本論文主要是設計一套能有效提供給伺服馬達所使用的應用韌體。利用單晶片dsPIC30F4011做為資料處理核心、USB to RS232轉換器為單晶片及電腦溝通的橋樑，再由電腦的MATLAB軟體作為命令發送及結果顯示端，其中搭配本論文的應用韌體，即可合成一組伺服馬達控制器。在本論文中，設想了使用者的需求，提供了多樣已模組化的功能，讓使用者可以依照自身需求進行使用，並且使用者可以在MATLAB端進行資料的接收來做成果的檢視及後續的分析處理。本文會顯示應用韌體的可行性且配合實驗驗證其功能。
This paper mainly designs a set of applied firmware that can be effectively used by servo motors. Use a single-chip dsPIC30F4011 as the core of data processing, USB to RS232 converter as a communicative bridge for single chip and computer. The computer software MATLAB is then used as the command sending and result display. With the applied firmware of this paper, a set of servo motor controllers can be synthesized. In this paper, the user's needs are envisaged, and various modularized functions are provided so that users can use them according to their own needs. And the user can receive the data on the MATLAB side to do the inspection of the results and analysis and processing. This paper shows the feasibility of the applied firmware and verifies its function with the experiment
應用有限元素分析探討銀銲線迴路形狀之研究;Study on Shape of Silver Wire Bonding Loop by Finite Element Analysis
No full text[[abstract]]本研究主要目的是以新銲線材料(銀合金線)建立銀銲線有限元素模型，並探討銲線迴路路徑對新材料之成形影響。實驗方面，?用MTS Tytron 250微?試驗機搭配環境加溫?，進?銀合金線(Silver alloy wire)材料微?伸實驗及熱影響區拉伸實驗，以取得銀合金線在?同溫?區間及熱影響區之熱-機械材?之應?-應變曲線(Stress-Strain Curve)，亦進行銀銲線路徑成形實驗，以驗證有限元素模型；?值模擬方面，透過建立銀銲線接合之有限元素(FEM，Finite Element Method)模型，考慮晶片導熱傳至線材上之溫?分布並結合拉伸實驗所得之材料應?-應變曲線，以分析銀線在線路成形過程中產生的應力分佈情形，且模擬成形結果與銀銲線路徑成形實驗進行比較。再者?解銀線接合下，製程迴路??對銲線成形形狀與應力分佈的影響。最後，本研究更進一步根據業界實務經驗，所歸納出封膠製程模流所造成之應力，以此定出目標應力，進行路徑迴路(反向運動)之參數最佳化，繪製出參數最佳化等高線圖。此研究成果可輔助工程設計者進行銲線成形軌跡分析與銲線機使用者可依需求快速查找設定出所需要之製程迴路參數。
The main purpose of this research is to establish a finite element model of silver wire with new wire material (silver alloy wire) and to explore the effect of the new materials wire looping profile. In the study, use the MTS Tytron 250 micro force tensile test machine and the environmental heating chamber were used to do the silver alloy wire material micro-tensile test and the heat-affected zone tensile test, getting the silver alloy wire stress-strain curve at different temperature ranges and heat-affected zone. Do silver alloy wire forming profile experiment to verify finite element model. In the simulation, through the establishment of Finite Element Method (FEM) model of silver alloy wire bonding, considering the temperature distribution of the heat conduction from the wafer to the wire and combining the stress-strain curve of the material obtained by the tensile test, analyze the stress distribution of the silver wire during the forming profile, and compare the results of the simulation with the silver alloy wire forming profile experiment. Furthermore, realize the effect of the process parameters on the forming shape and stress distribution of the silver alloy wire.Finally, this research set the target stress based on the stress caused by the mold flow in the subsequent packaging process of the industry information, optimize the parameters of the path loop (reverse motion), and plot the contour map of the optimized parameters. The results of this research can assist the engineering designer in the analysis of the formation loop path of the wire and the wire bonder operator can quickly find and set the required process loop parameters according to the their needs
建立直結式主軸熱誤差模型與在不同工況下熱變形之影響;Effects of operation conditions on thermal deformation and establishment of the thermal error model for a direct-drive spindle
No full text[[abstract]]運行條件（包括運行速度和環境溫度）不僅會影響整個機床的熱變形特性，還會影響主軸的熱變形特性。雖然已知熱致誤差會在環境溫度變化時顯著影響機床和主軸的精度，但過去熱誤差未得到適當補償。因此，需要熱誤差模型來補償和減少機床和主軸運行期間的誤差。在這項工作中，實驗研究了操作速度和環境溫度的變化對主軸熱變形特性的影響。此外，通過結合模糊C均值聚類，Pearson相關，多項式回歸分析建立熱誤差模型。通過熱誤差模型，建立了熱變形與溫升之間的關係。結果表明，利用三個溫度敏感點，熱誤差模型可以準確計算環境溫度和速度變化條件下的熱誤差。
Operating conditions (including operational speed and ambient temperature) significantly affect the thermal deformation characteristics of not only the entire machine tool but also the spindle. Although thermally induced errors were known to significantly affect the accuracy of machine tools and spindles when the ambient temperature changed, thermal errors were not properly compensated in the past. A thermal error model is therefore needed to compensate and reduce error during the operation of a machine tool and spindle. In this work, the effects of the changes in the operational speed and ambient temperature on the thermal deformation characteristics of a spindle are investigated experimentally. In addition, a thermal error model is established by combining the fuzzy C-mean clustering, Pearson correlation, multinomial regression analysis. Through the thermal error model, relationship between thermal deformation and temperature rise is established. Results show that using three temperature sensitive points, the thermal error model can accurately calculate the thermal errors under conditions of changing ambient temperature and speed
滾柱型線性滑軌之接觸剛性鑑別;A identification of the joint stiffness with the linear guideway
No full text[[abstract]]隨著科技發達以及電腦效能之進步，利用有限元素分析來代替傳統試驗已是普遍性的作法。由於工具機接合面的動態特性決定?工具機整體的動?學性能，因此在進??密工具機的設計時，有必要瞭解接合面的動態特性，進而能?確地模擬預測工具機的動態反應。線性滑軌已廣泛應用在現今工具機之進給系統中，其內部滾動元件與滑槽之間的接觸力與接觸點之變形量為非線性關係，又因預壓改變影響滾動元件的接觸行為，進而影響工具機進給系統之動態特性。本研究採用滾柱線性滑軌，以實驗量測之動、靜態響應作為比對依據，透過有限元素模型驗證程序求得其等效分析模型及接觸剛性值，並探討以不同接觸形式模擬滾柱接觸剛性，其力學效應之影響。目前本研究已發展相關之技術，成果包含 (1)實驗模態分析及其結果； (2)靜剛性實驗流程規劃； (3)有限元素分析及其初步結果。藉由本研究建立線性滑軌之接觸剛性鑑別手法及其驗證流程，已完成合理的線軌等效模型，研究結果將可直接嘉惠於國內工具機設計、製造廠商，鑑別之接觸剛性值可為其他型號線性滑軌之調變依據。
With the developed technology and the computer performance improvement, it is the common way to replace the traditional experi-mental test with finite element analysis (FEA). The dynamic character-istic of joint surface determines the dynamic performance of the whole machine tool. Therefore, the dynamic characteristic of joint surface must be studied to predict and simulate the dynamic response of ma-chine tool precisely when designing the precision machine tool. Linear rolling ball guideway is a key component of many machine tools. However, due to the point contact between the ball and the groove, the stiffness of linear guideway is the major factor which affects the rigidity and precision of machine tools. Different preloading in the guide rail will change the stiffness of the linear guide rail, which in turn affects the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool feed sys-tem.The purpose of this study is to develop FEA and compare the re-sults with experimental results to validate the correctness and agree-ment of the FEA model. This model can be used to predict the stiff-ness of linear guideway with 4 rows of rolling elements, face–to-face arrangement and 45 degrees angular-contact. The results of this study are (1) experimental modal analysis and the corresponding results. (2) carry out an experimental setup to measure the static stiffness and compare it with the analytical results of each model. (3) FEA of linear guideway and the corresponding results.This study completed the identification process of joint stiffness and the equivalent FEA modeling of linear guideway, which can di-rectly benefit domestic machine tool design. The identified stiffness can be utilized for establishing the stiffness on different sizes and ar-rangement of linear guideway
鋁合金擠壓扣接製程參數之有限元素分析;FInite Element Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Clinch Joint Manufacturing Parameters
No full text[[abstract]]本研究是以有限元素分析法對鋁合金5052-H32與鋁合金6061-O扣件製程進行分析與模擬。研究內容分為兩個部分，第一部分工作是建立鋁合金5052-H32扣件製程之有限元素模型，匯入鋁合金5052-H32材料性質至上、下試片，以非線性彈簧簡化壓制環，縮短運算時間、改善超彈性體壓制環造成網格破碎與進行壓制環驗證。配合扣件金相圖，利用此模型找出影響扣件形狀、形鎖尺寸(interlock)與扣件頸部寬度(neck)的接觸設定，改變沖頭、試片與底模之間的摩擦係數，以確認各接觸面之摩擦係數之效應分析，找出合適的摩擦係數與接觸設定。建立壓制環簡化模型的有限元素模型，進行模擬與實體扣件試片的比對。第二部分工作是以壓制環簡化模型的有限元素模型為基礎，將上、下試片置換為鋁合金6061-O，透過數位影像相關法(Digital Image Correlation)量測鋁合金之材料性質並匯入有限元素模型，進行模擬與實體扣件試片的比對。最後在歸納出兩種鋁合金在不同的下壓力、沖頭直徑與底模深度對微結構之效應。
This study is focused on finite element method for aluminum alloy 5052-H32 and 6061-O clinch joint process. The first part is to establish FEM model of the aluminum clinch joint process , importing the material properties of the aluminum 5052-H32 to specimens , simplifying the PU hyper-elastic compression ring with a nonlinear spring model and improving the of hyper-elastic pressing ring mesh distortion problem. According to the metallograghic picture of specimens , we can figure out the influences of clinch joint specimen’s shape , interlock and neck , in interaction property , friction coefficient is the main parameter , we change the parameter of punch , specimens and die’s contact surface friction coefficient to ensure the parameter. The second part is based on the FEM model of the simplified compression ring model , we replaced the materal properties to aluminum alloy 6061-O , the properties are measured by DIC(Digital Image Correlation) and import to the FEM model , and compared with the metallograghic. According to the result of FEM and metallograghic , finally we summarized the effect of the different pressures , punch diameter and die depth
由不同動物牙齒之牙釉層的微觀結構來探索前瞻材料的準則;Tooth Enamel Prism Microstructure of Different Animal Explore Unprecedented Engineering Material Guidelines
No full text[[abstract]]生物礦物化材料呈現錯綜複雜的微觀結構和層次組織，具有這此精巧的組織架構之生物材料往往展現驚人的力學性質和磨潤性能。其中牙齒的牙釉質是礦化物最高的生物材料之一，近年的研究發現人類牙釉層的功能梯度特徵及奈米結構是形成優異的機械物理性質的關鍵。本研究將對於不同動物之牙齒牙釉質之機械物理性質，和不可預期之外在環境與各種因素等探討，以探索生物礦物化材料為了對抗外在因素與生存能力所選擇演化之關聯。 為了探討不同動物牙齒臼齒之牙釉質的機械性質和軟硬交錯的微結構生物礦物化材料優異性質的原因，我們收集了多種不同食性的動物牙齒，研究牙釉質表面微觀形貌及縱切面面的機械性質以及有機物成份分佈，比較彼此間的差異性與演化的相關性。本實驗透過原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope,AFM)了解牙齒表面微結構。奈米壓痕儀(Nano Indentation)利用深度感測技術進行極小尺度壓痕，以獲得硬度和彈性模量。MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox套裝軟件撰寫影像處理程式碼了解牙齒表面牙釉質之釉桿柱結構所占的面積比與釉桿柱大小。物理性質係數相圖技術(Modulus mapping)可評估黏彈性的分布。精密動態分析技術(Dynamic Mechanical Ananlysis, DMA)可了解到牙釉質縱切面的黏彈性質。傅里葉轉換紅外光譜(Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy ,FTIR)分析牙釉質縱切面有/無機化合物成份分布。量測牙齒表面層到DEJ(Dentin Enamel Junction)處，可知道牙齒並不是均質材料，而是需與物種進食方式與年齡等所演化出的梯度性質與黏彈性能，特別是草食動物，因為草食動物進食時大量使用臼齒做研磨的動作，使臼齒大量受力，進而發現縱切面除了有硬度梯度之外，也有儲存模數的梯度性質，其牙釉層組成成份運用儀器得出牙釉質內磷酸根的斜率與硬度梯度相關，透過生物觀點找到動物壽命與牙釉層厚度與上述所量測之所有實驗結果都環環相扣觀察牙齒牙釉質表面形貌，發現哺乳類動物已發展釉桿柱微結構，再更深入的探討，發現由釉膠原蛋白以及礦物質組成的釉桿柱含有明顯的黏彈性分布，並且得知13種動物牙齒之釉桿柱面積比都在一定的範圍內，從力學的觀點能夠得知，如此軟硬交錯且由為小尺度構成的生物複合材料，比較能夠抵抗破裂。動物間無法彼此溝通，但都能發展出相同的型態，就因如此，我們能從此方面去探討生物礦物化材料使得從中學習與啟發。
Tooth enamel exhibits intricate microstructure and hierarchical organization. Material with such common architecture often possesses amazing mechanical property and tribological performance. The proposed study embarks on an investigation of various tooth enamel of different dietary and environment to explore the key elements of microstructure display such extraordinary physical property.This study characterized the mechanical property and microstructure of various tooth enamel from the utmost outer layer of the enamel surface to the enamel-dentine junction, this study collected a variety of animal teeth of different diet to study enamel surface microstructure, the mechanical properties of the cross section, and the organic composition distribution, comparing the differences between each other and evolution. Instrumental indentation with depth sensing technique was employed to obtain the hardness and elastic modulus. Atomic force microscopy will provide microstructural features such as prism arrangements. Module mapping technique will be used to understand the inorganic and organic composition. An array of surface analysis including FTIR will be used for element analysis to obtain inorganic and organic composition. Calculate prism area ratio and prism size by MATLAB Image Processing Tool Software codes.Observing the microstructure of tooth enamel, it was found that mammals had developed the prism. After further exploration, it was found that prism contained significant viscoelastic distributions and that herbivorous prism were known is oval. Measuring the surface layer of the teeth to DEJ (Dentin Enamel Junction), we can know that the teeth are not uniform materials, and then find the control factor of the cross section hardness gradient is the loss modulus, and its composition is phosphate . Animals must use tooth to survival, so the teeth with functional gradient performance become indispensable important role. The ability to give the tooth such excellent mechanical properties is to control the hardness gradient properties through the phosphate content of the teeth, so that the teeth can resist large external forces without breaking. The results show that enamels of different animal exhibit gradient from the outmost surface to DEJ.Finding from computational analysis indicate that gradient of the enhance the ability of absorb the energy induce by stress .The strikes similarity in gradient feature and prism arrangement of enamel of teeth from animals of different diet, environment and evolution tree unravel the lessons provide by mother nature. It is indeed marvelous the a minute amount of organic can create a robust microstructure composite. From this aspect to explore bio-mineralized materials from which to learn and inspire
凱撒如何塑造凱撒----以《內戰記》為例;How Julius Caesar Shaped His Own Image in “Bello Civili”
No full text[[abstract]]在羅馬的概念當中「自由」與「奴役」是非常重要的，他們必須成為自由人，否則就會是奴隸; 為了確保自己的自由，羅馬人設計了平衡權力的法律，以免政府中任何人獨掌大權。羅馬共和國的強盛在迦太基滅亡的時候到了頂峰，然而，大量戰爭掠來的奴隸取代了自由人勞工，損害平民的經濟來源，又加大了富裕階層與平民的距離，越來越多的貧民為了生存開始接受賄選，舊有的城邦體制開始崩潰，社會的階級衝突由土地分配問題開始，終於一發不可收拾，演變成內戰。 凱撒在這一片混亂中興起，他高超的演講技術、慷慨的賞賜、大膽的作風深得民眾喜愛，他的風格開放且靈活，只要能對他有利，沒有不變的原則; 不管是曾經與自己妻子有通姦傳聞的人，或像龐培和克拉蘇這樣曾經幫助蘇拉追殺他的貴族，凱撒歡迎他們與自己合夥，使自己成為羅馬最具實力的政治人物之一。 凱撒迅速壯大自己的力量，獲得高盧總督的職位;他順利壓服了高盧，掠奪大筆財富和奴隸，利用這些財產，他又反過來投資自己在羅馬的政治事業，買通官員為他效力，賞賜軍團和民眾，讓他們給予他忠實的支持。迅速從三巨頭當中最弱升為最強，然而克拉蘇在敘利亞意外戰死，讓原本的三人組合失去平衡，變成兩強對峙的局勢; 在龐培拒絕再次以聯姻的方式與凱撒聯盟之後，兩人之間的緊張情勢開始升高，終於爆發戰爭。 凱撒以維護羅馬護民官安全和羅馬法律為由，率先發動了內戰，經過一番激烈的戰鬥，取得了戰爭的勝利。民眾開始對於他擁有過多的權力感到不安，失去選舉階梯無法繼續往上爬的貴族則心懷怨恨。於是，在西元前44年，一群羅馬貴族以自由為名刺殺了凱撒，他們希望這一舉動能鏟除君主制的陰影，但早已失去效用的平衡制度無法控制局面，羅馬終究是逃不過被人主宰的命運。 《高盧戰記》和《內戰記》是凱撒的重要著作，前者描述凱撒擔任高盧總督時的戰爭行為，後者則寫羅馬內戰時期的事情; 《高盧戰記》文字流暢、敘事簡潔，歷來被當成學習拉丁文的題材，而《內戰記》通常評價不及《高盧戰記》，因為它較主觀，多有替凱撒說話的痕跡; 事實上，這正是它寫作的目的。羅馬內戰結束以後，凱撒極需解釋，讓民眾明白他發動戰爭的原因，《內戰記》的內容延續了《高盧戰記》的形象，將凱撒描寫成為羅馬而戰的偉大將領，因為敵人貪婪、殘酷和不顧法令，他為了保護國家必須發動戰爭。凱撒的《內戰記》是一部傑出的作品，其傑出之處不同於《高盧戰記》的詳實，而是在政治上它提供一個專屬於凱撒的視角。透過對內容的研究分析，我們可以了解看似平鋪直述的敘述下，藏了多少意涵。本文希望透過對形象塑造、政治意義的分析，使這部古老的著作得到全新的理解角度