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成群結伴─近代中國的女子社團;Together─The Female Groups in Modern China
No full text[[abstract]]本文主要探討晚清到民國時期的女子社團，透過女子社團的成立背景、宗旨、成員、地點來分析女子社團在近代扮演的重要角色。除了探討女子社團，最重要的是利用歷史地理方法來剖析女子社團和女性成員的地理分布位置，以此來構築女子社團的成立與地理位置之間的關係。章節的安排除了第一章的緒論和第五章的結論，其餘的三章，分別為萌芽─晚清的女子社團(1895~1911)、國勢動盪下的發展─民國肇建到五四時期的女子社團(1912~1924)、追求國家的統一─廣州國民政府時期的女子社團(1925~1926)。透過長時間的觀察來建構近代女子社團的發展與歷史地理之間的關聯性。 晚清時期的女子社團處於萌芽階段，女子社團的分布大致分為國內和國外，國內以上海為主，國外以日本東京為主，社團成立的位置與政治和政策有很大關係，同時也受到女學的影響。民國至五四時期，女學蓬勃發展，女性受教育機會增加，女子社團的數量也達到最高峰，分布的位置係根據地理位置開港的先後與西化的風氣密切相關，該時期的女性性格較為鮮明，為了女性解放和利益會不顧一切去爭取。廣州國民政府時期，由於國民黨致力於國家統一工作，各地女子社團統一由婦女部統合，較不具獨立性，女性的聲音逐漸沉寂下來，但該時期的貢獻是女子社團的分布已逐漸從沿海延伸到內陸。
The essay is mainly discussing the female groups from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China time through the estblishment background, the purpose, members, location to analyze the important characters in female groups in modern time. Besides talking about female groups, the most important thing is to use the method of history and geogrphy to analyze the location female groups and members. It is to connect the relationship between the estblishment of female groups and location. Aside from the introduction of chapter one and the conclusion of chapter five, the other three chapters are Budding─The female groups in the Late Qing Dynasty(1895~1911), The situation under chaotic country─The newly estblishment of female groups from the Republic of China time to the Fourth Movement(1912~1924), To pursue the unity of the country─the female groups Guangzhou National government(1925~1926). Throughout the long time observation to connect the relationship between the progress of modern female groups and the history and geogrphy. In the Late Qing Dynasty, the female groups are in budding, the female groups mainly located in domestic and the other, most of them located in Shanghai and Tokyo. The location where the groups estblished is greatly related to political and policy, along with the influence of the education for women. From the Republic of China time to the Fourth Movement, the chance for women to receive education was rising by the vigorous progress of the influence of the education for women. The member of the female groups was hitting the top, the locations are according to the time the location where opened port and the western culture. The characterestic of the women in that time stood out for the relese and profit for the women at any cost. In Guangzhou National government, because Kuomintang was devoted the work of the unity of the country, the female groups all over the country were combined by the Ministry of Women, less independant, the affect of women was weakening. However, the contribution from that time is that the location of the female groups was progressly extending from coastal from inland
整合插補、伺服與切削模組之虛擬動態系統開發;
No full text[[abstract]]切削過程的不穩定振動常會導致刀具磨損、工件的表面精度變差，甚至影響工具機的壽命，此現象稱為顫振。因此在切削加工中，顫振問題常常造成加工者們的困擾，為了避免切削顫振的產生，需要建立一切削顫振穩定圖來進行顫振穩定性預測。本論文主要為開發一整合插補、伺服與切削模組之虛擬動態系統，以預測切削過程中的切削力及影響，在此分為三個不同主題探討。首先是建立一切削力學模型，以模擬切削過程中的切削力現象及大小，並且分析振動量與切削力之關係。第二部分為建立切削穩定曲線圖，加工者在加工時，為了避免切削顫振產生，時常使用較保守的切削參數，因此為找尋切削之極限切深，本論文建立一切削穩定曲線圖。第三部分為探討切削過程中，切削力對伺服軸造成的影響，藉由上述建立之系統模型，並整合插補器跟伺服模型，觀察切削力對伺服軸之影響，並配合第一部份的時域切削力模擬、第二部分的穩定性曲線圖，找尋一穩定的切削加工參數，以提升切削製程中加工成品的表面精度。
In the cutting process, the unstable vibration usually lead to cutting tool wear, workpiece surface deterioration, and even affect the machine tool’s life. This phenomenon is called chatter. During the machining process, the processor is often worried about the chatter problem. In order to avoid the chatter, a chatter stabilization diagram is needed to predict the stability of the chatter.The purpose of this thesis is to develop a virtual dynamic system of interpolation, servo and cutting module to predict the cutting force and influence in the cutting process. It is divided into three different parts. The first part is to establish a cutting mechanics model to simulate the phenomenon and size of cutting force during cutting and analyze the relationship between vibration and cutting force. The second part is to establish the cutting stability diagram. In order to avoid chatter, the processor always uses more conservative cutting parameters, so in order to find the limit cutting depth, this thesis establishes a cutting stability diagram. The third part is to discuss the effect of cutting force on the servo axis during the cutting process. By combine the cutting, interpolator and servo model to observe the influence of the cutting force on the servo axis. And with the first part of the time-domain cutting force simulation, the second part of the stability diagram, to find stable cutting parameters in order to enhance the cutting process in the finished surface precision
發展整合工具機多體動力與控制模型之動態分析方法;Development of Dynamic Analysis Method for Multi - body Dynamics and Control Model of Integrated Machine Tool
No full text[[abstract]]工具機加工性能不斷往高速化、高精度及低表面粗糙度發展。以往開發新型工具機，皆參考類似規格並利用過往經驗進行設計，由於新產品測試過程往往需要多次的實體機台測試，再由設計端進行調整才能得到預期性能，其開發過程耗時且耗費成本，因此本研究將整合多體動力學模型與控制器模型，建立工具機虛擬數位模型以分析整機動態特性。在實體工具機產品完成前即可進行動態測試，透過調整進給系統介面剛性值進行敏感度測試，用以研究各種參數對於性能影響，可提供設計端在進給系統挑選依據，並針對進給元件之預壓改變所導致不同摩擦力狀況進行模擬，預測參數改變後的機台運動軌跡精度。此數位模型除了可大幅縮短新產品開發的測試時程，更可提升設計品質。
The machining performance of machine tool is always growing to achieve the goal of high speed, high accuracy, and low surface roughness. In the past, a new product of machine tool was almost designed according to the similar specification and the past experience. The experiment and setup parameters of a new machine tool were repeatedly tested and modified so as to complete the predicted performance. The process of development always spends a lot of time and cost. Therefore, this study will integrate the multi-body dynamics model and control systems to establish a virtual digital model of machine tool. The technology will be utilized to analyze the dynamic performance of the machine tool before the manufacture of real product. The sensitivity test will be performed to discuss the dynamic performance among mechanic parameters through the modification of joint stiffness for the feed drive system. The different friction model caused by the preload of the feed drive system will be simulated to predict the path accuracy of machine tool during the machining movement. The digital model presented by this study not only substantially reduces test time of new product development, but also improves the quality of desig
進給系統靜止下自然冷卻對熱變位之影響;Effect of natural cooling on the thermal deformation of a feed drive system
No full text[[abstract]]本研究量測進給系統量測之溫升、定位精度及軸向總變形量，並改變載台停止位置與螺桿溫升分布，以瞭解進給系統靜止下載台停止在不同位置與溫度分布對螺桿溫降及熱變位之影響，藉以改善工具機之滾珠螺桿靜止一段時間後的熱補償誤差。 溫升量測系統中，本研究在進給系統量測機台前後軸承座內部及表面溫升、聯軸器溫升、螺帽法蘭內部溫升、載台內部溫升、靜止下螺桿不同位置的溫升，以瞭解機台的溫升分布情形。定位精度量測系統中，利用雷射干涉儀量測進給系統螺桿溫降過程中定位精度的變化。螺桿軸向總變形量量測系統中，利用渦電流量測進給系統螺桿溫降過程中軸向變形量的變化。 當螺桿溫升均勻分布時，螺桿溫升越高，螺桿冷卻越快，且螺帽停止於行程中點時，整體螺桿冷卻最快；螺帽停止於前後端點時，行程區冷卻變形有較佳的線性度，且螺桿停止於靠近馬達及前軸承端之行程，可預防馬達及前軸承餘熱影響行程區之冷卻。當螺桿溫升非均勻分布，螺帽停止位置非常重要，當螺帽停止於非加工區且螺帽溫度大於螺桿溫度，則螺帽附近之螺桿溫度在機台停止後仍會繼續溫升。
This study measures the temperature rise, positioning accuracy and total axial deformation of a feed drive to better understand the effects of the stage position and initial temperature distribution on the temperature drop and deformation during cooling process. By doing so, this study improves the thermal compensation of the feed drives under cooling condition. In the temperature measurement system, this work measures the temperatures at the internal locations of the nut and the internal stage, the internal locations and the surfaces of the rear and front bearing housings, and different axial positions of the ball screw to better understand the temperature distribution of the components. In addition, this work measures the position accuracy and axial deformation of the ball screw with a laser interferometer and inductive gauging sensors. Measured results show that, when the initial temperature is uniform, the ball screw cools at a higher rate with a higher initial temperature. In addition, when the nut rests at the middle of the ball screw, the ball screw also cools at a higher rate. When the nut rests at the front or the rear endpoints of the ball screw, the temperature distribution of the ball screw is linear. When the nut rests at a location near the front bearing, the nut prevents the transfer of the waste heat from the motor and front bearing to the ball screw. When the initial temperature is non-uniform, the resting position of the nut is important. When the nut rests within the non-processing zone, the nut heats up the region of the ball screw near the nut
探討氣體擴散層壓縮性質對高溫質子交換膜燃料電池性能之影響;Investigating the Effect of Compression Ratio of Gas Diffusion Layers on the Performance of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
No full text[[abstract]]在許多燃料電池種類當中，高溫質子交換膜燃料電池的操作溫度約在140℃~180℃，和低溫燃料電池相較之下會有較佳的反應動力學、高雜質耐受性且不需要加濕器，但在膜電極組的製作過程中還是會受到許多操作條件下的影響。質子交換膜的種類、白金負載量、黏合劑種類、氣體擴散層的滲透性及孔隙率等都是影響電池的因素。本研究先製作高溫質子交換膜燃料電池膜電極組，包含不同的白金負載、交換膜、氣體擴散層、黏合劑以進行電池的性能優化後，再探討氣體擴散層之壓縮量對性能之影響。藉由COMSOL Multiphysics模擬不同氣體擴散層壓縮率並與實驗數據校正。最後探討氣體擴散層之孔隙率、滲透率對電池性能影響及氣體擴散層之氣體濃度分佈、速度分佈。
In various types of fuel cells, high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), operating between 140 and 180°C, have the advantages of faster reaction kinetics, high tolerance to impurities, and no requirement of humidifiers when compared with low-temperature fuel cells. The performance of the membrane electrode assemblies of the HT-PEMFC is affected by many factors, including membranes, catalyst loadings, binders, and permeability and porosity of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs). In this study, membrane electrode assemblies with various manufacturing parameters are prepared to investigate the effect of GDL compression ratios on the performance of the HT-PEMFC. The parameters include catalyst loading, membrane type, GDL type, and binder.A mathematical model is developed to study the effect of permeability and porosity of the GDLs on cell performance. The experimental data is used to calibrate parameters of the model. Finally, the effects of porosity and permeability on the performance of the HT-PEMFC and distributions of gas concentration and velocity in the GDL are discussed.
高房價與低薪資對臺灣經濟安全之影響（2008-2015）;The Impact of High House Price and Low Salary on Taiwan 's Economic Security（2008-2015）
No full text[[abstract]]本波房地產價格之起漲點係落於2001年，而2015年則係相對高點處，本篇研究羅列出2001至2015年間臺灣經濟主要紀事，對照該期間房價指數及實質薪資走勢圖，可看出於2008年後房價明顯上漲，而實質薪資明顯負成長，本研究範圍係落於2008-2015年間，其主要背景係高房價為民怨之首，而低薪資為國恥，其反映於個人或家庭端之支出及收入面係房貸支出增加而實質薪資負成長，相對地個人或家庭之可支配所得亦隨之減少。 經濟安全是?用經濟能?，在社會中形成經濟利益鞏固來因應外在變遷，而高房價與低薪資對經濟安全會如何影響﹖係本研究之主軸及欲探討之主要目的。本研究加入經濟學供需法則來證實高房價與低薪資之形成，係與其他該相關研究之特別處。
This study shows the main chronicle of Taiwan's economy from 2001 to 2015, and compares the house price index and the real salary chart during the period. In this period, It is seen that house prices rose significantly after 2008, and the real salary was significantly negative. The scope of this study fell from 2008 to 2015, and its main background was that the high house price was the first of the public, and the low salary was national shame, which was reflected in the individual or Household expenses and income facets increase in mortgage expenses and real pay growth, relative to individual or family disposable income also decreased. Economic security is the use of economic capacity, the formation of economic interests in society to consolidate to cope with external changes, and high prices and low wages on how economic security will be affected? The main purpose of this study is to explore the main purpose. This study adds the law of supply and demand of economics to confirm the formation of high house prices and low wages, and other special places of the relevant research
半概似估計方程式在空間過量零值資料的應用;
No full text[[abstract]]在醫學、公共衛生以及生物研究等的研究中資料常伴隨著大量的零值。對於這些多餘的零值若是無法適當地交代就很有可能產生估計的偏誤，使得最後導出錯誤的推論(Lee and Wang, 2006)。在本文中，我們將探討在空間過量零值資料上的估計問題。利用變異數矩陣去估計其相關矩陣，使用半概似函數估計式估計廣義線性模型的參數。配合泰勒展開式修正估計的降低估計時所產生的誤差。由模擬結果得知，在使用泰勒展開式輔助的情況下，配合不同的空間矩陣模型所估計的結果和真實空間矩陣模型相比誤差不大，且在樣本數不大的情況下即可達到不錯的估計。此外配合上泰勒修正的估計也比未使用泰勒修正的估計較準確且有效。在此實驗中讓我們知道，配合泰勒方程式修正過的估計式，在使用不同的空間矩陣時可以提升估計的準確度，使其達到更佳的效能
GUIDE 迴歸樹的期望值區間估計方法;
No full text[[abstract]]在迴歸樹的終節點進行期望值的統計推論時，一般的方法是在每個終節點的樣本使用傳統的區間估計進行樣本中反應變數的期望值區間估計，此時期望值估計的變異量由樣本中的反應變數獲得，然而對迴歸樹的終節點內之樣本進行期望值區間估計時，期望值估計的變異來源應該包含兩個部份，其一為先前所提，由樣本中的反應變數獲得，其二為迴歸樹將未分群資料切割為分群資料後，其分群前後的資料之反應變數間的變異量，若不將兩部份的變異來源都考慮在其中，可能會使期望值的區間估計產生錯誤的推論。本篇文章利用 Chaudhuri et al. (1995)、Loh (2002) ?和 Loh (2006) 提出的 GUIDE 迴歸樹方法並使用 Loh et al. (2016) 中提到以 Bootstrap 隨機重抽的方式來估計應有的信賴水準並以此信賴水準進行期望值區間估計，我們以此方法和不使用迴歸樹的終節點以外之任何資訊，對迴歸樹的終節點內之樣本中的反應變數進行期望值區間估計的方法進行平均覆蓋率的比較。結果顯示，利用 Bootstrap 隨機重抽的方式來估計應有的信賴水準並以此信賴水準進行期望值區間估計方法在適當的設定下，Bootstrap 區間估計的平均覆蓋率確實比不使用迴歸樹的終節點以外之任何資訊，對迴歸樹的終節點內之樣本中的反應變數進行期望值區間估計的方法較佳
半競爭風險資料下最大概似估計法與經驗概似比值檢定法;Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Empirical Likelihood Ratio Test under Semi-competing Risks Data
No full text[[abstract]]這篇論文主要討論半競爭風險資料下的非終端事件時間的存活函數雙樣本檢定的問題。針對非終端事件時間的存活函數估計，我們建構了經驗概似函數，再利用PSO演算法得到最大概似估計值。針對檢定問題，我們提出最大概似比值檢定法。從模擬研究中可以發現我們的方法表現不錯。最後我們利用此篇論文的方法分析真實資料。
This thesis considers two sample testing problem of the survival function of the non-terminal event time under semi-competing risks data. For the survival function estimation of the non-terminal event time, we construct the empirical likelihood function, then maximize it by the PSO algorithm to obtain the MLE. For the testing problem, we develop the empirical likelihood ratio test. From simulation studies, it shows the performance of the proposed approaches is well. Finally , we analyze a real data example for illustration
利用路面辨識技術於路徑推薦系統之設計研究;Design of Road Surface Detection and Recognition Technology in Route Recommendation and Navigation Preview System
No full text[[abstract]]近幾年，使用導航系統至目的地的使用者已日趨成長，但大多數的導航系統是使用最短路徑的方式作為其推薦路徑的選擇。若是使用最短路徑的方式，大多會遇到以下的狀況：(1)車子行駛至狹窄的巷道時，造成與對向來車會車時的不便，以及駕駛必須更小心翼翼的注意周遭的環境。(2)車子行駛至路面狀況不佳之區域或是以石磚所鋪設的道路區域時，駕駛通常需要放慢車速，由於石磚所鋪設的道路區域大多為觀光區域，因此人潮與車潮較多，並且石磚所鋪設的路面在雨天行駛時較柏油所鋪設的路面更容易產生偏滑，以及行駛於路面狀況不好之路段或是以石磚所鋪設的路段時會使駕駛者感受到因路面所產生的顛簸感，造成行車品質不佳。為了盡量避免以上所述的情況產生，本論文提出一種基於街景影像之路徑推薦導覽系統的框架設計。此方法由三大部分組合而成：(1)資料收收集，透過GUI進行路徑的選擇，並下載該條路徑之所有街景影像。(2)路面提取，根據影像計算其消失點，並且以超像素層級的方式利用區域成長分割出路面區域，最後計算該區域的路寬。(3)路面辨識，根據預先收集之石磚路面與柏油路面之類別進行訓練，最後透過訓練完的模組辨識每張影像的路面類別為何。在實驗結果方面，我們針對本文所使用之路面提取的方法以及路面辨識的方法，將提取的結果和分類的結果分別顯示並說明其配分的規則，接著我們將會針對路面分類之準確度進行討論。由於我們透過自定的給分規則計算出各條路徑的推薦分數，因此最後將會檢視我們所提出之推薦系統所推薦出來的路徑之結果是否能有效的解決以上所述的問題。
In recent years, even though the average using a navigation system for destination user has gradually increased, we continue to witness on news a slight increase in getting lost with a GPS. Most of the getting lost events occur due to the navigation system usually using the shortest paths as their recommended route.Supposedly, we use the shortest path may encounter the following situation:(1)GPS device might lead you down the narrow alley or down a closed road. If we are driving down a narrow alley, we have to pay more attention to our surrounding environment, as well as the inconvenience caused by the vehicle passing cross form the opposite lane. (2)If we are driving down a brick road or driving into some areas of damaged roads, we must lower the speed. The traffic is often dense and crowds because most of brick road area is laid near to the tourist attractions. In addition, the vehicle driving on the brick road areas might more easily skid than driving on the asphalt road areas when it is raining. Furthermore, the driver may feel bumpy when driving pass through some areas of damaged roads or driving on a brick road.To address the above problems, in this thesis, we present a framework of system for vision-based path recommend from street view images.The entire system is a combination of the following three steps:(1)Data collection, the path is selected by graphical user interface. Also, we download the street view images of the whole path.(2)Surface extraction, the vanishing point is calculated from the collection images. The area of the pavement is extracted by the Grow-Cut in super-pixel level, and the road width of the area is calculated finally.(3)Surface classification, training step is carried out on the types of brick pavement and asphalt pavement collected in advance. Finally, the pavement categories for each image were predicted by using our previously trained modules.In the experimental results, in this thesis, we use the surface extraction and classification method, the results of the extraction and classification are displayed, then we explain the rules of its distribution. After that, we will discuss the accuracy of surface classification. Since we calculate the recommend scores for each path through our own scoring rules, we will examine whether the results of the path proposed by our system can effectively solve the above problems