Upjohn Research
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Housing Instability’s Toll on Students: Insights from Kalamazoo Public Schools District Renters
Get PDFTuition-Free College Options for Michigan: What Policymakers Need to Know About a Statewide Promise Program
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Predicting Rail Transit Impacts with Endogenous Worker Choice: Evidence from Oahu
Get PDFThe provision of public transportation can improve the accessibility of work opportunities. However, predicting the labor market effects of new transit infrastructure is difficult because of endogenous worker decisions. I examine a large public-transit rail project on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Using block-level commuter-flow and travel-time estimates, I propose and estimate a quantitative spatial model of location and mode choice for workers. I estimate that the new rail system increases public-transit-mode share and the employment rate but does not reduce the average commute duration, because of endogenous worker sorting. Low-income workers on Oahu capture a significant share of transit’s direct benefits because of their relative preference for both transit and the neighborhoods served by rail
Effects of Subsidies on the Child Care Market: Large Increases in Capacity, Small Increases in Price
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What Is the Value of the Child and Dependent Care Credit?
Get PDFThe Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC) subsidizes child care costs for working families. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 increased the CDCC’s generosity during 2021 only. I find that while the CDCC is of relatively little value in its current form, increases in eligibility rates and conditional benefits under the pandemic expansion increased the credit’s value dramatically. Conditional on CDCC eligibility, higher-income households experienced the largest increases in benefit levels under the expanded CDCC, but lower-income households benefited disproportionately when measuring benefits as a share of income or child care spending
Training Needs and Costs in Kalamazoo\u27s Core Neighborhoods
Get PDFThis report estimates training needs in three Kalamazoo “core neighborhoods”: the Northside, Edison, and the Eastside. Using Census data, the analysis estimates the number of people potentially needing training in these neighborhoods as between 1,254 and 2,098 individuals. This report also estimates this training population’s characteristics, including: childcare needs, lack of a household vehicle, disability, felony records, substance abuse, mental illness. All these characteristics pose challenges for many hundreds in the training population. Based on a review of prior effective “sectoral training programs”, a training program may cost 9 and 7,300 times 1,254 or 2,098). If implemented at the lower scale over 5 years, the program would enroll about 250 trainees per year and cost a little less than $2 million annually