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Long-Run Effects on County Employment Rates of Demand Shocks to County and Commuting Zone Employment
No full textSustainability Practices, Policies, and Business Models of Web-Based Innovation Platforms: Lessons Learned for the Ohio Innovation Exchange (OIEx)
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The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence on Its Size and Composition and Ways to Improve Its Measurement in Household Surveys
No full textEffects of Child Care Vouchers on Price, Quantity, and Provider Turnover in Private Care Markets
Get PDFHarnessing changes in funding for a voucher program that subsidizes consumers’ use of child care services at private providers, this study quantifies effects on local markets’ service capacity and prices. We also estimate how increased funding effects provider entry rate, exit rate, and highly rated provider market share. The evidence shows that an additional 0.56 per week, mainly driven by a price increase among incumbent providers, and 3) induce new provider entry to the market by 0.4 percentage points. The estimates imply a highly elastic supply elasticity of 10.7. Thus an increase in public funding and subsequent increase in demand is expected to result in expansion of available slots accompanied by a limited increase in price
The Effect of Franchise No-Poaching Restrictions On Worker Earnings
Get PDFWe evaluate the nationwide impact of the Washington State attorney general’s 2018-2020 enforcement campaign against no-poach clauses in franchising contracts, which prohibited worker movement across locations within a chain. Implementing a staggered difference-in-differences research design using Burning Glass Technologies job vacancies and Glassdoor salary reports from numerous industries, we estimate a 6 percent increase in posted annual earnings from the job vacancy data and a 4 percent increase in worker-reported earnings
Analog Trades in a Digital World: The Platformization of In-Person Service Work
No full textAlthough numerous state and federal programs aim to support entrepreneurship and workforce development, current policies may be falling short in the face of rapid technological advancements. Whereas ride-hail and delivery platforms have received much attention from researchers, few if any studies have examined how digital labor platforms shape the experiences of skilled professionals providing in-person services in sectors including home improvement (e.g. landscapers, plumbers), event services (e.g. wedding photographers, DJs), wellness (e.g. personal trainers, beauticians), and lessons (e.g. guitar teachers, math tutors). The lack of research in this area is surprising, considering the continued growth of freelance work in the United States, increasing demand for in-person services, and small businesses\u27 crucial role in creating pathways into the middle class. Addressing the gap in current knowledge, this project will use 160 in-depth interviews and a nationally representative survey to systematically investigate platform dynamics and worker outcomes. Discovering who is successfully using platforms to grow their businesses will help us uncover how their efforts can be duplicated, while learning about those who are left behind will help us better understand the barriers to success. The answers we uncover will have critical policy implications. Our rich qualitative data on workers’ experiences entering and navigating digital platforms can be leveraged to guide the expansion of workforce development programs to include training on the effective use of these new digital tools. Equally important is the potential for our research to uncover hidden drivers of inequality that can inform new regulatory measures
Labor Market Effects of Paid Sick Leave: The Case of Seattle
Get PDFWe investigate the impact of Seattle’s Paid Sick and Safety Time (PSST) policy on workers’ quarterly hours worked and separation hazard. Using Unemployment Insurance records from before and after the implementation of PSST, we examine individual-level employment behavior at the extensive and intensive margins and compare Seattle workers to workers in Washington state using a difference-in-differences strategy. Importantly, we consider how impacts vary by employment characteristics, including worker wage rate and tenure, and by firm characteristics, including industry and firm size. We find that PSST increased workers’ quarterly hours by 4.42 hours per quarter, or around 18 hours per year. While there was no overall impact on workers’ separation hazard rates, we observed a 10 percent decrease in separations for workers in firms with more than 50 employees following PSST implementation. Our findings indicate that paid sick leave policies may support workers in increasing their hours and, to a lesser extent, may reduce turnover
Local Labor Markets Should Be Redefined: New Definitions Based on Estimated Demand-Shock Spillovers
Get PDFThis paper provides estimates that lead to better U.S. labor market definitions. Current U.S. labor market definitions—for example, metropolitan areas and commuting zones—are unsatisfactory because they are ad hoc and usually do not correspond to commonly used local planning areas. This paper proposes basing U.S. labor market definitions on how a job shock to a county affects nearby counties’ employment rates. New estimates of county spillovers are presented. Using these estimated spillovers, new multicounty labor market definitions are based on maximizing a weighted sum of total spillovers captured, versus taking the average size of within-market effects. These new “spillover-defined local labor markets” (SLMs) correspond more closely to commonly used local planning areas, and they better capture spillovers and commuting flows without becoming excessively large
