Hitit Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Investigation of the relationship between apelin hormone response and some physiological parameters in enzootic bovine leukosis virus infected cattle
No full textApelin is a hormone with lymphangiogenesis potential, associated with tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, and is reported to stimulate tumor vascularization. This study aimed to investigate the response of the apelin hormone in cattle with and without Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) infection, based on physiological parameters such as breed, age, and body condition score (BCS). A total of 120 Simmental and Montafon cattle of varying ages (8) and BCS categories (= 4) were included in the study. Serum apelin hormone levels were measured using the ELISA technique in blood samples collected from the neck vein ( Vena jugularis) of the animals. The analysis of mean serum apelin (ng/mL) values revealed that, among EBL-positive cattle, the highest value was 2.77 ng/mL in Simmental cattle aged 2-8 years with a BCS of 3-3.5, while a value of 2.69 ng/mL was observed in Montafon cattle aged >8 years with a BCS of 3-3.5. For EBL-negative cattle, the highest mean serum apelin value was 2.24 ng/mL, recorded in Simmental cattle aged 2-8 years with a BCS of 3-3.5, whereas it was 1.45 ng/mL in Montafon cattle aged >8 years with the same BCS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time the effect of apelin hormone levels in cattle with or without EBL, depending on physiological parameters such as age, breed, and BCS. It is suggested that the apelin hormone, which is involved in neoplastic lymphocyte cell infiltration in the lymphoreticular tissues of cattle, and plays a role in regulating tumor growth in EBL, a malignant tumor disease, may contribute to eradication programs. Moreover, the evaluated parameters may prove valuable for disease prevention and control strategies
Machine learning via DARTS-Optimized MobileViT models for pancreatic Cancer diagnosis with graph-based deep learning
No full textThe diagnosis of pancreatic cancer presents a significant challenge due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease and the fact that it is frequently detected at an advanced stage. This study presents a novel approach combining graph-based data representation with DARTS-optimised MobileViT models, with the objective of enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reliability. The images of the pancreatic CT were transformed into graph structures using the Harris Corner Detection algorithm, which enables the capture of complex spatial relationships. Subsequently, the graph representations were processed using MobileViT models that had been optimised with Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS), thereby enabling dynamic architectural adaptation. To further enhance classification accuracy, advanced machine learning algorithms, including K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost, were applied. The MobileViTv2_150 and MobileViTv2_200 models demonstrated remarkable performance, with an accuracy of 97.33% and an F1 score of 96.25%, surpassing the capabilities of traditional CNN and Vision Transformer models. This innovative integration of graph-based deep learning and machine learning techniques demonstrates the potential of the proposed method to establish a new standard for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, the study highlights the scalability of this approach for broader applications in medical imaging, which could lead to improved patient outcomes
The Mystery of the Claustrum, the Front Wall of the Brain: From Early Anatomic Discovery to Modern Insights
No full textOBJECTIVE: The claustrum, a thin layer of gray matter between the insular cortex and putamen, has been a subject of anatomical and functional curiosity for centuries. Although early anatomical descriptions provide some insights, modern neuroimaging and neurosurgical studies have reignited interest in its structure and function. This study examines the historical evolution of the claustrum's terminology and clinical significance. METHODS: A comprehensive review was conducted, analyzing neuroanatomical texts from the 15th to 20th centuries and contemporary academic publications on the claustrum. The investigation focused on anatomical descriptions, variations in nomenclature, and the claustrum's neurosurgical significance. RESULTS: The first known depiction of the claustrum appeared in the work of Vicq d'Azyr (1786), followed by formal naming as the vormauer (claustrum) by Burdach (1822). Subsequent terminology included N. taeniaeformis (Arnold, 1838) and avant-mur (Dejerine, 1895). Neurodevelopmental research by Puelles (2017, 2022) provided genetic evidence distinguishing it from adjacent structures. Functionally, Crick and Koch (2005) proposed its role in consciousness as a sensory integrator. Still, Yasxargil's neurosurgical observations indicate that tumor invasion or iatrogenic damage of the claustrum in cases of insular glioma does not result in impaired consciousness, prompting a reassessment of its functional role. CONCLUSIONS: This review synthesizes historical and contemporary perspectives to highlight the claustrum's relevance in neuroscience and neurosurgery. Although its exact function remains debated, ongoing research continues to shed light on its role in brain connectivity and integration. Understanding the claustrum's structure and function may lead to novel insights into sensory processing, cognition, and potential neurosurgical applications
Muay Thai exercises improve quality of life, love of life and self-control
No full textBackground The existing research on Muay Thai sports has focused predominantly on the physiological effects of training, with limited attention devoted to the study of quality of life, love of life and self-control. The present study examined the effects of Muay Thai exercises on quality of life, love of life and self-control scores in healthy male subjects. Methods The present study comprised 50 healthy sedentary male subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one group engaged in Muay Thai training (MTT), while the other group served as a control group (CON). The sample sizes for the MTT and CON groups were both 25. The MTT group participated in basic Muay Thai training, while the CON group continued their normal life regime. The SF-12 quality of life scale, love of life scale and multidimensional self-control scale were administered before and after the six-week training period. Results The study concluded that the six-week Muay Thai training program had a significant effect on quality of life levels, with 13.23% (p = 0.003) and 21.93% (p < 0.001) of participants demonstrating improvements in physical and mental scores, respectively. In terms of self-control levels, the program was found to have a significant effect on initiation and inhibition scores, with increases of 23.78% (p = 0.001) and 24.69% (p < 0.001), respectively. It was concluded that had a significant effect on the sub-dimensions of the Love of Life scale with increases of Positive Attitude Toward Life (PAWL) 18.63% (p < 0.001), Happy Results of the Love of Life (HRLL) 20.11% (p < 0.001) and Meaningfulness of Life (ML) 15.62% (p < 0.001), respectively. However, no significant differences were detected in any of the scales within the control group. Conclusion Muay Thai exercises had a positive effect on quality of life, love of life and self-control levels in healthy male subjects. By providing valuable insights into how Muay Thai exercise affects quality of life, love of life, and self-control, this research can guide future intervention and program design in the context of sport psychology
Determining human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination behaviors of university students using the theory of planned behavior
No full textThe aim of this study is to determine the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination behaviors
of university students within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The universe
of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was composed of 392 students studying in all
undergraduate programs in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Hitit University in Çorum
province in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey between November 15, 2024 and April 6,
2025. Data were collected via the Student Identification Form, HPV Knowledge Scale and HPV
Vaccine Behavior Survey. Data were collected with the students via face-to-face interviews. ttest, Variance Analysis and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used in the analysis of data. The
mean HPV Knowledge Scale score of the students participating in our study was 9.24±6.90 and
the mean HPV Vaccine Behavior Survey score was 73.58±22.53.
According to the score obtained from the HPV Knowledge Scale, the participants have low level
of knowledge and according to the score obtained from the HPV Vaccination Behavior
Questionnaire, they have a negative attitude above the middle. Behavioral beliefs and
normative beliefs vary according to socio-demographic characteristics. As a result, increasing
HPV knowledge positively affects vaccination behavior. Increasing awareness by providing
education and counseling about HPV by nurses can reduce negative attitudes towards HPV
vaccines and improve vaccination behaviors.Bu araştırmanın amacı Planlı Davranış Teorisi çerçevesinde üniversite öğrencilerinin İnsan
Papilloma Virüsü (HPV) aşı davranışlarını belirlemektir. Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel tipte yürütülen
bu araştırmanın evreni Türkiye'nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Çorum ilinde Hitit
Üniversitesinde 15 Kasım 2024- 6 Nisan 2025 tarihleri arasında Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesinde
tüm lisans programlarında öğrenim gören 392 öğrenciden oluşturulmuştur. Veriler Öğrenci
Tanıtım Formu, HPV Bilgi Ölçeği ve HPV Aşı Davranışı Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Öğrenciler ile
yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde t testi, Varyans Analizi
ve Pearson Kolerasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamıza katılan öğrencilerin HPV Bilgi Ölçeği
puan ortalaması 9.24±6.90, HPV Aşı Davranışı Anketi puan ortalaması 73.58±22.53
bulunmuştur.
HPV Bilgi Ölçeğinden alınan puana göre katılımcılar düşük düzeyde bilgi sahibidir ve HPV Aşı
Davranışı Anketinden alınan puana göre ortanın üzerinde olumsuz tutum göstermektedir.
Davranışsal inanışlar ve normatif inanışlar sosyo-demografik özelliklere göre değişiklik
göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak HPV bilgisinin artması aşı davranışını olumlu yönde
etkilemektedir. Hemşirelerin HPV hakkında eğitim ve danışmanlık vererek farkındalığı
arttırması HPV aşılarına yönelik olumsuz tutumu azaltarak aşı olma davranışlarını
iyileştirebilir
Post-training breakdown: acute effects of different training types on body hydration status and performance
No full textObjective Wrestling is a complex sport that requires a combination of strength, endurance, and wrestling-specific technical training. Endurance activities, such as running, are commonly performed for rapid weight reduction before competition. However, these activities can severely disrupt recovery and lead to significant declines in performance. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of endurance, strength, and wrestling training sessions on hydration status and performance parameters in young wrestlers, providing insights to guide more effective hydration and recovery strategies. Method A total of 14 experienced young wrestlers participated in a crossover design, completing endurance, strength, and wrestling training sessions on separate days. The hydration status was assessed through urine specific gravity (USG) before and after each session. The performance measures included hand grip strength, back and leg strength tests, anaerobic power (vertical and horizontal jumps), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP), and reaction time assessments. Results The endurance training caused the most significant acute reductions in the hydration (USG increase: 0.016 +/- 0.005 g/cm3, p < 0.05) and body mass (BM; -1.89 +/- 0.4%, p < 0.05), along with immediate performance decrements in the back strength (-7.02 +/- 1.2%, p < 0.001), right-hand grip strength (-8.79 +/- 2.1%, p < 0.001), jump height (-7.26 +/- 1.8%, p < 0.001), and MIP (-9.01 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.001). The hydration levels in the endurance group did not fully recover by the next day (USG post-training vs. before the next day's training: p < 0.05). In contrast, the strength training improved the reaction time before the next day's session (+5.6 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.05), while the attention remained unaffected across all training types. Conclusion Endurance training-commonly used for rapid weight loss-can acutely compromise hydration and reduce key performance measures, with recovery taking more time compared to strength or wrestling sessions. Given these findings, endurance sessions should be strategically scheduled before rest days or low-intensity technical training to minimize their negative effects on subsequent performance. Implementing enhanced hydration strategies during endurance-focused sessions may also help mitigate these acute impacts and optimize recovery and performance in young wrestlers
Comparative analysis of the Armenian press in the 2nd Karabakh War
No full textThis thesis examines the attitude of the Armenian press towards the Second Karabakh War from a comparative perspective, examining the different approaches of the pro-government and opposition press during the war. The study begins by shedding light on the historical background of the Karabakh issue and examining the causes, consequences and post-war status quo of the First Karabakh War. The main axis of the thesis is to compare the discourses developed by the Armenian press during and after the war from an impartial perspective. While the pro-government press generally argues that the war was waged in line with national interests, the opposition press claims that the war was lost as a result of wrong strategies and diplomatic failures. These different approaches clearly reveal the political divisions in Armenia and the impact of the press on society. As a result, this study reveals how strong the relationship between media and politics is in Armenia and provides an in-depth analysis of the media discourses that shaped the Armenian society's perceptions of the Second Karabakh War. The different views of the pro-government and opposition press directly affected the society's perspective on the war and future Armenia-Azerbaijan relations.Bu tez, Ermeni basınının II. Karabağ Savaşı'ndaki tutumunu karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle ele alarak, hükümet yanlısı ve muhalif basının savaş süresince sergilediği farklı yaklaşımları incelemektedir. Çalışma, Karabağ sorununun tarihsel arka planına ışık tutarak I. Karabağ Savaşı’nın nedenleri, sonuçları ve savaş sonrası oluşan statükoyu ele alarak başlamaktadır. I. Karabağ Savaşı, Ermenistan ile Azerbaycan arasında uzun yıllar süren bir çatışmaya ve uluslararası dengeleri sarsan sonuçlara yol açmıştır. Bu savaşın ardından bölgede yıllarca süren barış çabalarına rağmen, çözüm bulunamamış ve 2020 yılında II. Karabağ Savaşı patlak vermiştir. II. Karabağ Savaşı, 44 gün süren yoğun çatışmaların ardından Azerbaycan'ın zaferiyle sonuçlanmış, bu durum hem bölgesel dengeleri değiştirmiş hem de Ermeni toplumunda derin bir travma yaratmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, II. Karabağ Savaşı’nın tarihsel sürecini ve bu sürecin Ermenistan’daki siyasi ve toplumsal etkilerini ayrıntılı şekilde incelemektedir. Savaş süresince ve sonrasında Ermeni hükümetine yakın basın organları ile muhalif basın arasında oluşan keskin farklar, medya aracılığıyla topluma sunulan söylemlerde açıkça görülmüştür. Tezin ana ekseni, Ermeni basınının savaş sürecinde ve sonrasında geliştirdiği söylemleri, tarafsız bir bakış açısıyla karşılaştırmaktır. Hükümet yanlısı basın, genellikle savaşın ulusal çıkarlar doğrultusunda yürütüldüğünü savunurken, muhalif basın savaşın yanlış stratejiler ve diplomatik başarısızlıklar sonucu kaybedildiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu farklı yaklaşımlar, basının Ermenistan’daki siyasi bölünmüşlük ve toplum üzerindeki etkisini açıkça gözler önüne sermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, medya ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkinin Ermenistan'da ne derece güçlü olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve Ermeni toplumunun II. Karabağ Savaşı'na dair algılarını şekillendiren medya söylemlerinin derin bir analizini v sunmaktadır. Hükümet yanlısı ve muhalif basının birbirinden farklı görüşleri, toplumun savaşa ve gelecekteki Ermenistan-Azerbaycan ilişkilerine dair bakış açısını da doğrudan etkilemiştir
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Sleep Disorder Symptoms and Sleep Quality
No full textObjectives Obesity is related with several sleep disorders and affects the quality of life. In this research it was aimed to evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on sleep disorders and sleep quality. Methods The study was conducted on 454 patients who underwent bariatric surgery at the Departments of General Surgery of & Uuml;sk & uuml;dar University, Hitit University, Ondokuz Mayis University, and sleep disorders were evaluated at University of Health Sciences Erenk & ouml;y Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology. Sleep quality of the patients, reporting complaints about sleep. was assessed with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was questioned with the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire (BSQ), excessive daytime sleepiness was screened with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used in patients who identified insomnia and the restless legs syndrome severity scale (RLSS) index was also evaluated in patients with the complaints of RLS before and after the bariatric surgery. Results Among 454 patients, 207 of them (45.6%) have informed complaints about sleep. After bariatric surgery, all scores indicating impaired sleep quality (BSQ category 1 and category 2, RLS index, ESS, PSQI, ISI) decreased significantly in patients (p = 0.000). BSQ- scale scores had the greatest decrease among other scales. Patients also reported fewer complaints of sweating, sexual dysfunction, gastroosephageal reflux, teeth clenching, dry mouth, morning headache, nocturia, and daytime sleepiness after the surgery (p 0.05). Effect of BMI difference on BSQ-OSAS was statistically significant (OR=-0.041; p < 0.05). Effects of BMI difference (OR=-0.490; p < 0.05) and having thyroid comorbidity (OR=-24.752; p < 0.01) on RLS were also statistically significant. Conclusion Bariatric surgery has a positive and healing effect on sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome in favor of this group of patients
Story journal called Yûsuf es-Sibâʿî and Hâẕâ Huve'l-Hubb
No full textThe origin of the story in Arabs is a controversial issue. When we look at the sources on this subject, we come across two different views. According to the first view, the story was introduced to Arabic literature as a result of the translations made during the Abbasid period. The basis of those who defend this view is the idea that the region where Arabs lived limited their imagination. According to the second view, the origin of the story in Arabs goes back to pre-Islamic times. Those who defend this view: Post-Islamic writing; ? tu Berâk (The Story of Berâk), Ḳıṣṣatu Enü Şirvân (Enü Şirvân 's Story), Rukıye ve Hatice (Rukiye and Hatice), Reyhan ve Karanfil (Reyhan and Karanfil), Selmâ ve Suâd (Selma and Suâd), Hint ve ibnetu Nuʿman (Hint and Numan's Daughter), Sekîne and Rubâb (Sekîne and Rubâb) as evidence. Many of these stories have been lost. The rest were added to One Thousand and One Nights. Those who support the first view accept stories such as 'Antere Ḳıṣṣası' as history transmitted after Islam. That's why they don't count it in the story category. Although there is controversy about the origin of the Arabic story, there is an agreement that the short story is a genre of Western origin. Yûsuf es-Sibaʿî, who fit many works and studies into his short life, became one of the leading figures of Egyptian literature. He played a role in the establishment of many literary clubs in Egypt. As much as he protected literature, he also helped him become an immortal writer. He wrote his works in plain and simple language for the public. In her works, she expressed the problems of the Egyptian people and dealt with problems related to women's rights. In some of his works, he wrote as an activist, in some as a lover, in some as a historian. His literature has no limits; it is possible to find historical, fantastic, romantic, realistic and humorous elements in his works. The study consists of an introduction and three chapters. In the first part, information about stories, short stories, and stories in Arabic and Western literature is given. In the second part, VII the life of Yûsuf es-Sibâʿî was examined. In the third part, the story magazine named Hâẕâ huve'l-hubb was analyzed and analyzed in terms of character, time, place, structure, point of view/narrator, content/technique and language and narrative style. is given.Araplarda hikâyenin kökeni tartışmalı bir konudur. Bu konuda kaynaklara bakıldığında karşımıza iki farklı görüş çıkar: Birinci görüşe göre Arap edebiyatı, Abbasi döneminde yapılan tercümeler sonucunda hikâye ile tanışmıştır. Bu görüşü savunanların dayanağı, Arapların yaşamış olduğu bölgenin, onların hayal gücünü kısıtladığını düşünmeleridir. İkinci görüşe göre ise, Araplarda hikâyenin kökeni İslam öncesine kadar gitmektedir. Bu görüşü savunanlar; İslam sonrası yazıya aktarılan Ḳıṣṣatu ʿAntere (ʿAntere Kıssası), Ḳıṣṣatu Şeybân meʿa Kisrâ (Kisrâ ile Şeybân'ın Kıssası), Ḳıṣṣatu Bekr ve Taġleb (Bekir ve Tağleb'in Kıssası), Ḳıṣṣatu Berâk (Berâk'ın Kıssası), Ḳıṣṣatu Enü Şirvân (Enü Şirvân'nın Kıssası), Rukıye ve Hatice (Rukiye ve Hatice), Reyhan ve Karanfil (Reyhan ve Karanfil), Selmâ ve Suâd (Selmâ ve Suâd), Hint ve İbnetu Nuʿman (Hint ve Numan'ın Kızı), Sekîne ve Rubâb (Sekîne ve Rubâb) gibi hikâyeleri delil olarak göstermektedirler. Bu hikâyelerin çoğu günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Geri kalan hikâyeler ise Binbir Gece Masallarına eklenmiştir. Birinci görüşü savunan kimseler, Ḳıṣṣatu ʿAnter gibi hikâyeleri İslam sonrası edebiyata aktarılan tarihi bilgi olarak kabul ederler. Bu yüzden bu tür eserleri, hikâye katagorisinde saymazlar. Arap hikâyesinin kökeni konusunda ihtilaf bulunmakla birlikte kısa hikâyenin Batı kaynaklı bir tür olduğu konusunda bir ittifak söz konusudur. Kısa hikâye türünde eserler yazan Yûsuf es-Sibâʿî, Mısır edebiyatının önde gelen şahsiyetlerinden biri hâline gelmiş ve kısa ömrüne bir çok eser sığdırmıştır. Mısır'da bir çok edebî kulübün kurulmasında rol oynamıştır. O, edebiyata sahip çıktığı kadar edebiyat da onun ölümsüz bir yazar olmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Halk için sade ve basit bir dil ile kaleme aldığı eserlerinde, Mısır halkının sorunlarını dile getirmiş ve kadın haklarıyla ilgili konuları işlemiştir. Yûsuf es-Sibâʿî, bazı eserlerinde bir aktivist, bazı eserlerinde bir âşık, bazı eserlerinde bir tarihçi edasıyla kalemini oynatmıştır. O, tek bir türle sınırlı kalmamış; hikâye, V roman ve tiyatro dallarında da eserler yazmıştır. Eserlerinde tarihi, fantastik, romantik, realist ve mizahi unsurlar bulmak mümkündür. Çalışma, giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır: Birinci bölümde; hikâye, kısa hikâye, Arap ve Batı edebiyatında hikâye ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, Yûsuf es-Sibâʿî'nin hayatı incelenmiştir Üçüncü bölümde ise, Hâẕâ huve'l-ḥubb adlı hikâye mecmuasında yer alan on üç hikâyenin; karakter, zaman, mekân, yapı, bakış açısı/anlatıcı, muhteva/teknik, dil ve anlatım tarzı açısından analiz ve tahlillerine yer verilmiştir
Three-Decade Analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Türkiye: A Multicenter Study (1993-2024)
No full textBackground/Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are increasingly prevalent and challenging globally. Data regarding IBD fre quency and severity between Europe and Asia are needed. The aim was to investigate the trend of IBD in T & uuml;rkiye during the last 3 decades. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively at 14 centers in T & uuml;rkiye between June 1993 and March 2024. Results: Over 30 years, 4308 patients, of whom 2507 (58.2%) had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 1717 (39.9%) had Crohn's Disease (CD), were included in the study. The overall median age at the onset of IBD was 34.43 (25.28-45.64) years; the age at onset of IBD was younger in CD compared to UC (32.72 vs. 35.52 years respectively, P < .001). The peak age onset range was 28-32 years in CD, whereas 23-27 years in UC. Overall, 2526 (58.6%) patients were male. The most common location was left-sided colitis in UC patients (45.1%), followed by extensive colitis (31.2%), and proctitis (23.7%), while ileal involvement in CD patients (45.2%), afterward ileocolonic (409%), and colonic (13.5%). Both illnesses are becoming increasingly prevalent. The UC/CD ratio tends to decrease over time. During the study period, 1577 (36.6%) patients received biologic treatment. During the study period, 418 (24.3%) underwent resective surgery for CD and 88 (3.5%) total colectomy for UC; the major abdominal surgery has declined over time. Conclusion: The frequency and characteristic features of IBD in T & uuml;rkiye appear to be between Europe and Asia. Over time, while the usage of biologic therapy and the rate of CD have increased, the frequency of surgery has decreased