Hitit Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Inflammatory changes in the prepuce and clinical findings according to the stages of phimosis
No full textBackground/aim: Circumcision refers to the surgical removal of all or part of the prepuce. Circumcision is commonly performed on males in childhood to prevent urinary tract infections and for religious reasons. This study was designed to investigate the inflammatory processes in the prepuce according to the degree of phimosis in patients who underwent circumcision. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective study on 173 male children under the age of 18 who underwent circumcision between June and September 2024. A comprehensive physical examination of the genitourinary system was performed. Foreskin retraction was assessed and recorded using the Kikiros grading score, and an elective surgical appointment was scheduled accordingly. Results: As the age of the patient decreases, phimosis appears to be more advanced. In Stage 2 phimosis, where the foreskin is more covered, mild to moderate inflammation is observed, whereas in Stage 1 phimosis, where the foreskin is moderately covered, severe inflammation is noted. This suggests that the partial constriction in Stage 1 phimosis may facilitate contamination from external sources. Discussion: It is known that circumcision in boys reduces urinary tract infections. This study investigated the inflammatory processes in the prepuce according to the degrees of phimosis. The results indicate that performing circumcision at younger ages is beneficial for preventing ascending urinary infections and reducing the need for antibiotic treatment
Antioxidative Effects of Curcumin on Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis Through GPX4 Signalling
No full textBackground/Objectives: Pancreatic cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer with high risk of mortality. Currently, the therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancers are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, none of which are effective treatments. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death that is iron (Fe)-dependent and characterized by lipid peroxidation, which is a new approach for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, this study was dedicated to investigating the effect of erastin and Ras-selective lethal small molecule 3 (RLS3) as ferroptosis inducers as well as focusing on the antioxidant effects of two natural products, curcumin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), against ferroptosis. Methods: PANC1 cells were treated with 20 mu mol/L curcumin or EGCG and then exposed to 20 mu mol/L erastin. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were measured by dihydrodichlorofluorescein (H2DCF) cell-permeant probe, Fe levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, Western blot, and mRNA were assayed with commercially available kits. Results: Curcumin and EGCG enhanced cell viability in erastin-treated PANC1 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Erastin-treated PANC1 cells exhibited the elevated levels of GSH depletion, ROS productions, and lipid peroxidation while curcumin reversed the erastin-induced ferroptotic effects. The treatment of erastin-induced PANC1 cells with curcumin increased the GPX4 mRNA gene and protein levels. Also, curcumin decreased the FTH1 mRNA gene levels as a strong Fe chelator. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study shows that erastin can be potentially a therapeutic strategy for treatment of cancer cells. Additionally, curcumin might play an antioxidant role at the specific concentrations, potentially mitigating ferroptosis in cells
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the roth score in predicting hospital admission and discharge in patients with acute heart failure presenting to the emergency department: A prospective observational cohort study
No full textINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Acute heart failure (AHF) accounts for a significant proportion of emergency department (ED) admissions presenting with dyspnea. Recurrent hospitalizations in patients with heart failure (HF) are not only associated with increased mortality but also contribute to a higher workload and resource utilization within the healthcare system. The Roth score is a scoring system developed to assess the degree of hypoxemia in patients with dyspnea. Several studies conducted after the introduction of the Roth score have evaluated its utility in guiding discharge decisions for patients with respiratory distress. Given that patients with AHF often experience recurrent hospital admissions, elevated mortality, and a considerable burden on healthcare systems, a simple and effective scoring tool that aids in determining hospital admission or discharge decisions could significantly improve patient management. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Roth score in predicting hospital admission or discharge decisions in patients diagnosed with AHF in the emergency department. The secondary objective was to determine the effectiveness of the Roth score in predicting 7-day readmissions among patients who were discharged after receiving treatment for AHF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective, observational cohort study conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital between February 1, 2025, and July 31, 2025. Adult, non-pregnant patients aged 18 years and older who presented to the ED with suspected acute heart failure were eligible for inclusion. Informed consent was obtained from all patients deemed suitable for inclusion and who agreed to participate. Demographic characteristics, vital signs, medication history, comorbidities, administered treatments in the ED, laboratory parameters, and patient outcomes (admission, discharge, or revisit) were recorded. The Roth score—defined as the maximum number reached and the duration of counting aloud after a deep breath—was measured by the primary physician at the time of presentation and again prior to discharge or consultation. Subsequently, the relationship between Roth scores and clinical outcomes, including hospital admission, in-hospital mortality, and 7-day ED revisits, was analyzed statistically. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 47.2% (n=50) were female. The median age of the patients was 77.5 years (IQR 72–84). The median initial Roth count was 8 (IQR 6–12.8) and the median post-treatment Roth count was 10 (IQR 7–15). The median initial Roth duration was 5 seconds (IQR 3–6) and the post-treatment median duration was 5 seconds (IQR 4–7). When the relationship between hospital admission or discharge and Roth scores was examined, both count and duration values measured at presentation were significantly lower in hospitalized patients compared to those who were discharged. Similarly, post-treatment Roth scores (both count and duration) remained significantly lower among hospitalized patients. The difference between the initial and final Roth counts was significantly greater in discharged patients (p<0.001 for all parameters), indicating a more pronounced improvement in dyspnea. When Roth scores were analyzed according to mortality and 7-day ED revisit status, no statistically significant differences were found. In multivariate analysis, lactate (OR 0.505 [0.260–0.980]), troponin I (OR 0.995 [0.990–0.999]), and final Roth duration (OR 2.459 [1.399–4.321]) were identified as independent predictors of discharge (p = 0.043, p = 0.016, and p = 0.002, respectively).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute heart failure, the Roth score provided valuable information as a simple and rapid bedside tool for predicting hospital admission or discharge requirements. Lower Roth scores were associated with more severe clinical presentations, whereas higher scores were indicative of safe discharge. However, based on current evidence, the Roth score should be regarded as a supportive triage tool, not as a standalone determinant of clinical decision-making. Future studies with larger, multicenter cohorts are warranted to validate the Roth score across different populations and to further explore its association with clinical outcomes. Such research will help define the potential of the Roth score as a routine decision-support tool in the emergency management of acute heart failure.GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Akut kalp yetmezliği (AKY) nefes darlığı ile acil servise başvuruların önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Kalp yetmezliği (KY) hastalarının tekrarlayan hastane yatışları mortalite ile ilişkili olduğu kadar artmış iş yükü ve artmış kaynak tüketimi ile ilişkilidir. Roth skoru, nefes darlığı olan hastaların hipoksi seviyesini değerlendirmek için geliştirilen skorlama sistemidir. Roth skorunun ortaya çıkmasından sonra yapılan birkaç çalışma bu skorun hastaların taburculuk kararını vermekte kullanılabilirliği değerlendirmiştir. AKY hastalarının tekrarlayan yatış öyküleri, artmış mortaliteleri ve sağlık sistemine olan yükünü azaltacak ve bu hastaların yatış veya taburculuk kararına yardımcı olacak basit ve etkili skorlama sistemi bu hastaların yönetimine katkı sağlayabilecektir. Bu çalışmanın primer amacı acil serviste AKY tanısı alan hastalarda roth skorunun hastanın yatış veya taburculuğunu ön görmedeki etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Sekonder amacı ise AKY tanısı alıp tedavi sonrası taburcu olan hastalarda yedi gün içinde tekrarlayan başvuruları ön görmede roth skorunun etkinliğini belirlemektir.
GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Çalışmamız prospektif gözlemsel kohort çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. 01.02.2025 – 31.07.2025 tarihleri arasında 3. Basamak bir hastanenin acil servisinde gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmamıza 18 yaş üzeri gebe olmayan acil serviste akut kalp yetmezliği düşünülen hastalar dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilmesi uygun olan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastalardan aydınlatılmış onam formu alındı. Hastaların demografik verileri, vital parametreleri, kullandığı ilaçlar, eşlik eden komorbiditeler, acil serviste uygulanan ilaçlar, laboratuvar parametleri, hastanın tedavi ve takip sonrasında yatış ya da taburcu olma veya yeniden başvuru bilgisi kaydedildi. Hastanın primer hekimi tarafından başvuru anındaki, taburculuk ya da konsültasyon öncesi roth skoru sayı ve süre olarak hesaplanarak kayıt altına alındı. Ardından roth skorları ile hastaların taburculuk, hastane içi mortalite ve 7 gün içerisindeki yeniden başvuru durumları arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılığı göstermek için p <0,05 değeri kabul edildi.
BULGULAR: Çalışmamıza nihai olarak 106 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların %47,2 (n=50)'si kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı median 77,5 (ÇAA 72-84) yıl idi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların roth skorları acil servis başvurularında ve tedavi sonrası konsültasyon öncesi sayma sayısı ve süre cinsinden değerlendirildiğinde ilk roth skoru medyan 8 sayı (ÇAA 6-12,8), son roth skoru medyan 10 sayı (ÇAA 7-15) olarak hesaplanmıştır. İlk roth skoru medyan 5 saniye (ÇAA 3-6), son roth skoru medyan 5 saniye (ÇAA 4-7) olarak saptandı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların yatış veya taburculuk ile roth skorları arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde; başvuru anında ölçülen roth skorları sayı ve süre cinsinden yatan hastalarda daha düşük saptandı. Tedavi sonrasında tekrar değerlendirilen roth skorları sayı ve süre cinsinden yatan hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük saptandı. Ölçülen roth sayı skorları arasındaki fark taburcu olanlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek saptanmıştır (tüm parametreler için p<0,001). Hastaların mortalite ve acil servisten taburcu edilen hastaların tekrarlayan başvuru durumlarına göre roth skorları incelendiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Hastaların acil servisten taburculuğunu ön görmedeki parametreler incelendiğinde laktat (OO 0,505 [0,260-0,980]), troponin I (OO 0,995[0,990-0,999]) ve son ölçülen roth skoru süresi (OO 2,459[1,399-4,321]) taburculuğu ön görmede bağımsız prediktör olarak tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla p=0,043, p=0,016, p=0,002).
SONUÇLAR: Sonuç olarak, AKY nedeniyle acil servise başvuran hastalarda Roth skoru, basit ve hızlı bir ölçüm olarak, hastanın yatış veya taburculuk gereksinimini öngörmede değerli bilgiler sunmuştur. Düşük Roth skorları ciddi klinik tablo ile ilişkilendirilirken, yüksek skorlar güvenli taburculuk lehine değerlendirilmiştir. Ancak, mevcut kanıtlar ışığında Roth skoru destekleyici bir triyaj aracı olarak kullanılmalı, kesin kararlar için tek başına kullanılmamalıdır. Bundan sonraki çalışmalarda, Roth skorunun farklı merkezlerde ve daha geniş örneklemlerde doğrulanması ve klinik sonuçlarla ilişkisini değerlendiren analizler yapılması Roth skorunun acil serviste karar destek aracı olarak rutin kullanım potansiyeli daha iyi belirlenmesine katkı sağlayacaktır
Determinants of Economic Growth in Türkiye: A Dynamic ARDL Simulation Analysis of External Debt, Government Size, and Energy Use
No full textThis study investigates the determinants of economic growth in T & uuml;rkiye by examining the roles of external debt, government size and energy consumption over the period 1970-2019. Using the novel Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (DYNARDL) simulation approach, this study captures both short-and long-run effects and generates counterfactual simulations that visualize how GDP responds to shocks in each variable. The results reveal three consistent patterns. First, external debt exerts a significant drag on growth in both the short and long run, supporting the debt overhang hypothesis and underscoring the risks of persistent borrowing. Second, government size constrains growth in the short term, likely due to crowding-out and inefficiencies, but its long-run effect appears neutral, reflecting structural fiscal reforms implemented in the aftermath of major crises, notably the 2001 financial crisis. Third, energy consumption emerges as a strong driver of output, emphasizing the critical role of energy security and efficiency in sustaining industrial expansion. Human capital, included as a control variable, also contributes positively in both horizons, reinforcing productivity gains through education and workforce quality. These findings highlight the need to redirect public expenditures toward efficiency-enhancing uses, strengthen debt sustainability frameworks, and expand investments in renewable energy and technological upgrades to reduce import dependency. Continued progress in education and skills development will further support long-term growth. By integrating dynamic simulations and counterfactual analysis with structural growth drivers, this study provides new evidence for T & uuml;rkiye and demonstrates how simulation-based approaches can enrich growth diagnostics in other emerging economies
Social services in the Bahrî Mamluks (1250-1382)
No full textThe Mamluks were an important Muslim Turkish state that ruled the Middle East from the 13th century to the early 16th century. Unlike other Turkish states, the ruling class of the Mamluks was made up of individuals of slave origin. These slaves, after receiving military training, managed the state within a hierarchical command structure. These slaves, brought by Venetian and Genoese sailors from the Caucasus, the Kipchak steppe, and the Khwarezm regions to Egypt, were first given religious education, followed by military training at institutions known as tibak. After this training, they were granted their freedom. Based on their appearance, abilities, and merit, these Mamluks were assigned roles within the military class. Some of these Mamluks even rose to the position of sultan based on their talents and qualifications. The Mamluks ruled for over two and a half centuries in Egypt, Syria, Jerusalem, parts of Anatolia, and the Hijaz region.
The Mamluks ruled from 1250 to 1517. This state is divided into two periods due to various reasons, including the origins of its rulers and the places where they received their military and religious education. The first period is known as the Bahri/Turkish Mamluks (648-784/1250-1382), and the second period is the Burji/Circassian Mamluks (784-923/1382-1517). In the Bahri Mamluks, social services were a major concern for the state. The sultan, emirs, and wealthy individuals established foundations either personally or with state support to provide services to disadvantaged groups, such as the poor and needy, so they could live without hardship.
Among these disadvantaged groups were children, orphans, students, the sick, the elderly, women, prisoners, refugees, and convicts. Through these activities, the state enabled these groups to live at a standard of living closer to that of other members of society. The aim was for these individuals to benefit from public resources sufficiently, to develop themselves, and to stand on their own feet. In addition to these, the social services aimed to maintain individual freedom, social functionality, and the preservation of well-being based on solidarity and mutual assistance in society.
The sultan, emirs, the ruling elite, as well as scholars, wealthy merchants, their families, and other philanthropists, either individually or through foundations, supported social service activities. Thanks to this support, the material needs of disadvantaged groups, such as food, shelter, and clothing, were met, and they were provided with education at institutions like schools and madrasas. In addition to meeting their material needs, efforts were made to meet their spiritual needs, such as visiting the sick to boost their morale. Prisoners were allowed to meet with their families, and they were not hindered in their ability to worship. Furthermore, individuals with disabilities were supported in their work life according to their situation, providing them with moral support.
Social services became more prominent as a concept in Western civilization after the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. When examining the sources from the Mamluk period, it is evident that social service activities actually began with Prophet Muhammad and continued in Muslim states, becoming institutionalized over time. The social service activities of the Bahri Mamluks, the focus of our research, were carried out through both individual and institutional efforts. Disadvantaged groups in society were supported both materially and spiritually. Through these supports, the economic, social, and cultural well-being of these groups was elevated to a certain level. Additionally, it is important to highlight the successful social services provided by the Mamluks, who were significant representatives of Turkish-Islamic civilization. These social services carried out by the Mamluks in the Middle Ages later positively influenced the Western world as well.Memlükler, XIII. yüzyıldan XVI. yüzyılın başlarına kadar Orta doğuda hüküm sürmüş önemli bir Müslüman Türk devletidir. Memlüklerde diğer Türk devletlerinden farklı olarak yönetici kesim köle asıllı kişilerden oluşmuştur. Bu köleler askeri eğitim aldıktan sonra emir komuta zinciri içerisinde bir hiyerarşiye sahip olarak devleti yönetmişlerdir. Venedik ve Cenevizli denizciler tarafından Kafkasya, Deşti Kıpçak ve Harizm bölgelerinden gemilerle Mısır'a getirilen bu köleler, önce dini eğitimden sonra tıbâk adlı kurumlarda askeri eğitimden geçirilerek hürriyetlerine kavuşturulurdu. Askeri eğitimden geçirilen bu memlükler; görünüm, kabiliyet ve liyakat gibi özelliklerine göre askeri sınıf içerisinde görevlendirilirdi. Bu memlükler içerisinde kabiliyet ve liyakatlarına göre sultanlığa kadar yükselenler olmuştur. Memlükler Mısır, Suriye, Kudüs, Anadolu'nun bir kısmı ile Hicaz bölgesinde iki buçuk asrı aşkın bir sürede hüküm sürmüşlerdir.
Memlükler 1250-1517 yılları arasında hüküm sürmüştür. Bu devlet, yöneticilerinin geldiği köken, askeri ve dini eğitim aldıkları mekânlar gibi farklı sebeplerle iki ayrı devreye ayrılmış olup birinci döneme Bahrî/Türk Memlükleri (648-784/1250-1382), ikinci döneme ise Burcî/Çerkez Memlükleri (784-923/1382-1517) denilmiştir. Konumuzu teşkil eden Bahri Memlüklerde sosyal hizmetler, devletin önemle üzerinde durduğu bir husustur. Sultan, ümerâ ve zenginler, toplumun belli bir kesimini oluşturan fakir ve muhtaç gibi dezavantajlı grupların sıkıntı çekmeden hayatlarını devam ettirebilmeleri için bireysel olarak vakıflar kurarak veya devlet desteğiyle bu hizmetleri yürütmüşlerdir. Toplumda yardıma muhtaç olan bu dezavantajlı gruplar arasında; çocuk, yetim, öğrenci, hasta, yaşlı, kadın, esir, mülteci ve mahkûm gibi kişiler yer almaktaydı. Bu faaliyetlerle yardıma muhtaç grupların toplumdaki diğer bireylerin hayat standartlarına yakın bir seviyede yaşam sürmelerine imkân sağlanmıştır. Bu kişilerin devlet tarafından kamu kaynaklarından yeterli düzeyde yararlanabilmeleri, bireylerin kendilerini geliştirmeleri ve kendi ayakları üzerinde durabilmeleri hedeflenmiştir. Bunlara ilaveten sosyal hizmetlerle; toplumsal hayatta yardımlaşma ve dayanışma esas alınarak bireysel özgürlüğü sağlama, sosyal işlevselliği devam ettirme ve iyilik halini koruma amaç edinilmiştir.
Memlüklerde sultan, ümerâ ve yönetici elit kesimi başta olmak üzere ulemâ, zengin tâcirler ile bunların aileleri ve diğer hayırseverler, bireysel olarak veya vakıflar kurarak sosyal hizmet faaliyetlerine destek olmuşlardır. Bu destekler sayesinde; yardıma muhtaç grupların yeme-içme, barınma ve kıyafet gibi maddi ihtiyaçları karşılanmış ve mektep-medrese gibi kurumlarda eğitim almaları sağlanmıştır. Bu grupların maddi ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasının yanında manevi ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına yönelik olarak da hasta ziyaretlerine önem verilerek âdeta onlara moral verilmiştir. Ayrıca mahkûmlara aileleriyle görüşme imkânı sağlanmış ve onların ibadet etmelerine de engel olunmamıştır. Bunlara ilaveten engelli insanların iş hayatında kendi durumlarına göre çalışmalarına yardımcı olunmuş ve böylece onlara manevi destek sağlanmıştır.
Sosyal hizmetler; XIX. Yüzyılda sanayi inkılabından sonra daha çok Batı Medeniyetinde ortaya çıkan bir kavramdır. Memlükler dönemi kaynakları incelendiğinde sosyal hizmet faaliyetlerinin, aslında Hz. Muhammed'den itibaren başladığı ve sonraki süreçlerde de kurumsallaşarak Müslüman Devletlerde de devam ettiği görülmektedir. Araştırmamızın konusu olan Bahri Memlüklerde sosyal hizmet faaliyetleri bireysel ve kurumsal hizmet faaliyetleri olarak alınmıştır. Toplumdaki muhtaç gruplar maddi ve manevi olarak desteklenmiştir. Bu destekler sayesinde; ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel olarak bu grupların refah düzeyi belli bir seviyeye getirilmiştir. Bunların yanında Türk-İslâm medeniyetinin önemli temsilcilerinden olan Memlüklerin, sosyal hizmet faaliyetleri adına yaptıkları başarılı hizmetlerin açığa çıkarılması önem arz etmektedir. Memlüklerin Orta Çağ'da yapmış oldukları bu sosyal hizmet faaliyetleri daha sonra Batı dünyasını da olumlu yönde etkilemiştir
Does the inspiratory muscle warm-up have an acute effect on wrestling recovery performance?
No full textThis study aims to investigate the acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) in young wrestlers. Wrestling is a high-intensity sport that demands anaerobic metabolism, with rapid recovery and endurance playing crucial roles in subsequent performance. Inspiratory muscle warm-up specifically targets the inspiratory muscles, reducing fatigue during exercise and helping to sustain performance. Our study compares three different warm-up protocols (traditional wrestling warm-up, wrestling warm-up (WWIW) + IMW, and wrestling warm-up + placebo (WWPL)) to analyse changes in inspiratory muscle strength and select respiratory function parameters. The study was conducted with 14 male wrestlers aged 15-16. Participants were subjected to the three different warm-up protocols, followed by simulated wrestling bouts. Results showed that the WWIW protocol increased maximal inspiratory pressure by 17.3% compared to the traditional and placebo warm-ups. Additionally, the WWIW protocol delayed fatigue and improved recovery rates among the wrestlers. Specifically, WWIW enabled a faster return to normal heart rate post-competition, accelerating the recovery process. These findings suggest that WWIW can be effectively used in high-intensity sports like wrestling to enhance recovery between matches and improve overall performance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and in different sports are recommended to validate these results
Work accidents and occupational safety measures in underground metal mining operations
No full textThis study examines occupational accidents and occupational health and safety practices in underground mining operations, taking the Bitlis–Mutki Yazıcık Copper Mine as a case study. The mining sector, while contributing significantly to the economy, is also one of the most critical industries in terms of the frequency and severity of workplace accidents. In this context, the study discusses the role, importance, and production methods of mining in Turkey, and analyzes major underground mining accidents that have occurred in Turkey and worldwide since 1980. The fundamental principles, advantages, and risks of underground mining methods—particularly sublevel caving and cut-and-fill—were evaluated through a comprehensive literature review. Occupational health and safety practices were compared within the framework of national and international regulations. Fieldwork was conducted at the copper mine operating in the Bitlis–Mutki Yazıcık region. Production processes, safety precautions, occupational health and safety practices, and the condition of the equipment used were directly observed on site. The use of personal protective equipment, ventilation systems, gas monitoring, electrical safety, ground support, and fire and explosion prevention measures were examined in detail and compared with regulatory requirements. This research provides recommendations for improving occupational health and safety practices in underground mining operations.Bu çalışma, Bitlis–Mutki Yazıcık Bakır Madeni örneği üzerinden yeraltı madenciliğinde meydana gelen iş kazaları ile iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarını incelemektedir. Madencilik sektörü, ekonomiye önemli katkılar sağlamakla birlikte, iş kazalarının sıklığı ve şiddeti açısından en kritik sektörlerden biridir.
Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Türkiye'de madenciliğin rolü, önemi ve üretim yöntemleri ele alınmış; 1980 yılından günümüze Türkiye'de ve dünyada meydana gelen önemli yeraltı maden kazaları analiz edilmiştir. Yeraltı madenciliği yöntemlerinin temel ilkeleri, avantajları ve riskleri, özellikle ara katlı göçertme ve kes-doldur yöntemleri, kapsamlı bir literatür taramasıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaları ulusal ve uluslararası mevzuat çerçevesinde karşılaştırılmıştır.
Saha çalışması, Bitlis–Mutki Yazıcık bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren bakır madeninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretim süreçleri, güvenlik önlemleri, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaları ile kullanılan ekipmanların durumu yerinde gözlemlenmiştir. Kişisel koruyucu donanım kullanımı, havalandırma sistemleri, gaz ölçümü, elektrik güvenliği, tahkimat uygulamaları ve yangın–patlama önlemleri ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiş ve mevzuatla karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma, yeraltı madenciliğinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarının geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler sunmaktadır
Serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block versus thoracic paravertebral block for pain management after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized prospective study
No full textBackground: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure associated with faster recovery and fewer complications compared to open thoracotomy. Effective postoperative pain management is important for optimizing recovery. This study compares the analgesic efficacy of the Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block (SPSIPB) and Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) for postoperative pain following VATS. Methods: In this randomized, prospective, double-blind study, 70 patients aged 18-65 years (ASA I-III) undergoing VATS were randomly assigned to Group TPVB (n = 35) or Group SPSIPB (n = 35). The primary outcome was the 24-hour postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score at rest. Secondary outcomes included VAS pain scores during coughing, time to first opioid request, total opioid consumption within 24 hours, patient satisfaction, and Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores. Opioid consumption was assessed using intravenous tramadol through Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA), with additional morphine, if required. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52 +/- 11 years, and 64.2% were male. VAS pain scores were evaluated at 24 hours and at seven time points. There was no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05) except at 1 hour postoperatively, where the TPVB group had a significantly lower resting VAS score (19 [8-28] vs. 26 [18.5-33], p = 0.031). The total 24 hour tramadol consumption was 220 mg (135-260) in the TPVB group versus 150 mg (110-230) in the SPSIPB group (p = 0.129). The proportion of patients requiring additional analgesia was 25.7% in the TPVB group versus 28.5% in the SPSIPB group (p = 0.788). Preoperative and postoperative QoR-15 scores were similar between the groups (preoperative: 137 vs. 136, p = 0.878; postoperative: 133 vs. 132, p = 0.814). Patient satisfaction scores were also comparable (8 [7-10] vs. 9 [7-10], p = 0.789). Conclusion: SPSIPB provides analgesic efficacy similar to TPVB for VATS, with comparable pain scores, opioid consumption, and recovery outcomes. Given its ease of use and safety profile, SPSIPB represents a promising alternative to TPVB in multimodal analgesia for minimally invasive thoracic surgery. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Espa & ntilde;a, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/)
Adsorption Treatment of Dyestuffs in Textile Wastewater Using Agricultural Wastes
No full textRecent textile sector growth has resulted in excessive water consumption and wastewater releases into the environment that contain highly harmful compounds, endangering human health and the environment. Notably, the water pollution problem is exacerbated by the mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic properties of chemicals like dyes. This study aimed to determine whether waste materials from nature might be used as adsorbents to remove colors from aqueous solutions in textile effluent. Acid red 1 (AK1), acid blue 80 (AM80), bright blue G (PMG), safranin O (SO), and Victoria pure blue BO (VSMBO) dyes were examined for their adsorption capacity to achieve this goal. Materials that are abundant in nature and can be considered trash, such as peanut shells, pine pollen, tangerine peels, pomegranate peels, pistachio shells, banana peels, and pumpkin peels, were employed as adsorbents. The original pH and pH=2 were the two pH levels at which the study was conducted, and it was at these pH levels that the adsorption effectiveness was assessed. Consequently, the most excellent clearance at pH=2 was achieved with pomegranate peel (96.49%), peanut shell (94.83%), and banana peel (86.07%) for AK1 dye, AM80 dye, and PMG dye. For SO and VSMBO dyes, it was found that all adsorbents worked well at the initial pH. In this study, the effect of different pH levels (original pH and pH=2) on the adsorption capacities of these dyes was evaluated by one-way ANOVA analysis. While significant differences were observed for AK1, AM80, SO, and VSM80, no significant difference was found for PMG. These findings offer affordable, eco-friendly methods for treating wastewater from textile production. The results suggest that optimizing pH levels can enhance the effectiveness of certain adsorbents in removing dyes from wastewater. Further research may explore the long-term stability and regeneration potential of these materials to ensure sustainable applications in industrial settings. This tool offers a variety of features designed to enhance writing, including grammar checking, paraphrasing, and summarization. By utilizing advanced algorithms, it aims to assist users in producing clear and effective written communication
Selective Removal of Copper from Nickel-Copper Leach Solution by Electrolysis Cells with High Convection
No full textIn this study, the selective separation of copper ions (Cu2+) from leaching solutions containing both Cu2+ and nickel ions (Ni2+) was investigated using electrolysis cells with high convection (Chemelec). Firstly, the electrochemical behavior of solutions containing only single Cu2+, single Ni2+, and both Cu2+ and Ni2+ was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Cu2+ reduction was observed at -0.15 V in solutions that contained either simply Cu2+ or a Cu2+-Ni2+ combination, whereas oxidation happened at 0.17 V in a single step. The CV analysis of a Ni2+-containing solution at pH 1 revealed that Ni2+ was not reduced. Potentiostatic selective Cu2+ reduction experiments were conducted at cathode potentials of -0.3 V, -0.4 V, and -0.5 V. Increasing the potential from -0.3 V to -0.5 V enhanced copper recovery from 84% to 94%. The current efficiency remained above 90% across all three potentials during 3 h experiments. At -0.5 V, extending the experiment time from 3 h to 5 h resulted in copper recovery exceeding 99%, while current efficiency declined from 90% to 80%. The cathode products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing that the main phase consisted of metallic copper