Hitit Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Arşivi
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Complication profile and risk patterns following elective implant removal in pediatric fractures: a 10-year retrospective analysis
No full textBackground There is no clear consensus regarding the optimal timing and necessity of implant removal (IR) following fracture healing in children. Although generally recommended between 1 and 12 months after osteosynthesis, IR carries risks such as refracture, infection, and neurovascular injury. This study aimed to evaluate the indications for IR, the timing of removal, and the complications observed during and after implant extraction in pediatric patients. Methods This retrospective study included 115 pediatric patients (mean age: 10.8 years, range: 2-17) who underwent IR following fracture treatment. Data on implant retention duration, type of implant, indication for removal, and post-removal complications were recorded and analyzed. Results IR was most commonly performed in asymptomatic cases upon parental request (90.4%), particularly for forearm fractures. Titanium elastic nails and plate-screw systems were the most frequently removed implants. Post-removal complications included refracture (4.3%), infection (1.7%), incomplete removal (1.7%), radial nerve neuropraxia (0.9%), and wound problems (0.9%). Refractures occurred within 5 to 18 days postoperatively, with the forearm being the most frequently affected region (7.5% of forearm IR cases). No statistically significant association was found between implant type, retention duration, and the occurrence of refracture (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of patient-specific planning and postoperative protective strategies, especially for forearm IR. Conclusion Implant removal in pediatric patients is generally safe; however, the risk of early refracture, especially in the forearm, highlights the need for short-term activity restrictions and splint immobilization post-removal. Surgeons should clearly communicate the risks and timing of IR with families during the decision-making process
Dietary hempseed and cardiovascular health: nutritional composition, mechanisms and comparison with other seeds
No full textCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality, with dietary habits playing a significant role in its prevention and management. Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) has gained recognition as a functional food due to its rich nutritional profile, including high-quality plant proteins, optimal omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios, and a variety of bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, phytosterols, and polyphenols. This review critically evaluates the potential cardioprotective effects of hempseed, focusing on its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and other cardiometabolic markers. Preclinical studies suggest that hempseed can improve lipid profiles, reduce blood pressure, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, though clinical evidence remains limited and findings from animal models may not directly translate to human cardiovascular benefits due to physiological differences between species. This review further evaluates hempseed's potential in cardiovascular disease prevention and highlights its potential advantages when compared with other widely consumed seeds (flaxseed and chia seeds), emphasizing its unique fatty acid composition, optimal omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, and diverse bioactive compounds. Despite the promising findings, there is a need for long-term randomized controlled trials to establish the efficacy and safety of hempseed in diverse populations. This review emphasizes the potential of hempseed as a dietary intervention for CVD prevention and calls for further research to optimize its use in clinical and public health settings
Does cognitive flexibility enhance decision-making in sports?
No full textBackground: Decision-making is a multifaceted process crucial in both individual and organizational settings, particularly in high-pressure environments like sports. Cognitive flexibility plays a vital role in enhancing athletes' decision-making abilities. This study examines the relationship between cognitive flexibility and decision-making processes among athletes, focusing on the sub-dimensions of Alternatives and Control. Methods: A quantitative research design utilizing a relational survey model was employed. Data were collected from 743 male athletes across various sports disciplines in T & uuml;rkiye. The Sports Effective Decision-Making Scale and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were used as measurement tools. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed their validity and reliability in the sports context. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictive relationships between cognitive flexibility sub-dimensions and decision-making effectiveness. Results: Regression analysis revealed significant findings. The Alternatives dimension positively predicted effective decision-making in sports, particularly in external decision-making scenarios (beta = 0.207, t = 5.427, p < 0.001). In contrast, Control was a stronger determinant of intrinsic decision-making (beta = 0.210, t = 5.607, p < 0.001). The R2 values indicated that cognitive flexibility factors explained 18.1% of the variance in effective decision-making and 10.9% in intrinsic decision-making, highlighting the need to explore additional contributing factors. Conclusions: These findings provide practical implications for coaches and sports psychologists. Coaches can enhance athletes' decision-making abilities by fostering a sense of control and offering diverse alternatives in training and competition. Sports psychologists may develop interventions to strengthen cognitive flexibility and perceived control among athletes. The study emphasizes the necessity of a broader framework for understanding decision-making, suggesting that future research should explore the interplay of emotional, social and cultural factors in athletic decision-making
Evaluating Surgical Outcomes of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Through Patient and Parent Perspectives
No full textObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures in children aged 8-18 years, focusing on patient and parental satisfaction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 105 pediatric patients (81 male and 24 female) treated surgically between 2018 and 2025. Data collected included demographic characteristics, fracture classification (Gartland), reduction type, surgical method, Baumann angle, capitellohumeral angle, healing time, follow-up duration, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8) scores, Flynn cosmetic and functional criteria, and complications. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess differences based on fracture classification and reduction type. Results: The mean age of the patients was 10.16 +/- 1.9 years. Gartland type 2 fractures demonstrated significantly shorter healing times compared to type 3 fractures (p=0.05), and closed reductions were associated with shorter healing times than open reductions (p=0.04). Although PedsQL scores, were higher in Gartland type 2 fractures (95.3 +/- 8) and closed reductions (94.9 +/- 8.1) compared to type 3 fractures (93.8 +/- 8.4) and open reductions (92.4 +/- 9.1), these differences were not statistically significant. Subgroup analysis revealed significant associations between CSQ-8 scores and the presence of concomitant injuries (p=0.03) as well as the need for revision surgeries (p=0.028). Overall, surgical outcomes were satisfactory, with high PedsQL and low VAS scores across all groups. Conclusion: Patient and parental satisfaction in SCH fracture treatment is influenced by concomitant injuries and revision surgery, despite generally favorable surgical outcomes
The Sacralization of Consumption: Materialized Alternative Spiritualizm
No full textThe concept of alternative spirituality has emerged as a counterpoint to both traditional religions and rationalism, offering an understanding that encompasses a veriety of spiritual teachings, healing techniques and metaphysical practices, all of which are based on individual experience. However, contemporary perspectives reveal an evolution in these beliefs and practices, which now extend beyond the realm of spirituality, becoming a commercialized area of consumption. The present study examines the role of consumption-oriented perspectives in shaping and experiencing alternative forms of spirituality. It focuses in particular on how consumption, rendered inevitable for spiritual development, establishes a connection between the spiritual and the commercial. The conceptual framework of the study was presented using the descriptive method, one of the qualitative research techniques. Then, a sample was selected randomly (purposively) from online platforms and subjected to content analysis. The focus of this study is twofold: consumption for holistic well-being and consumption to reach the metaphysical area. These. two aspects are considered important for understanding the subject. First, the focus on consumption to achive physiological well-being is discussed, depending on the association of spirituality with physiological well-being and satisfaction. Contemporary alternative spiritual perspectives regarded the body as an important component in the pursuit of spiritual growth, a Notion. that stands in contrast to conventional interpretations. The objective of these practices is to purify, fortify and harmonise the body. A plethora of commercialised products have been recommended for consumption, including special nutrition products, herbal remedies, aromatherapy products and various detoxification programmes. These are purported to engender the desired physiological effects. In the second part of the study, the encouragement of consumption. being encouraged for the purpose of engendering an effect in the spiritual and metaphysical domains is examined. In order to achieve goals such as spiritual purification, energy balance and the acquisiton of metaphysical power, the marketing and sale of various paranormal treatment and counselling sessions ties access to the spiritual field to the purchase of commercial services. The present study has thus demonstrated that spiritual development and satisfaction are founded on consumption practices and have evolved into a structure that is compatible with the capitalist system. In other words, the spiritual is materialized and commercialized, while the commercial is transformed into the basic tools of spirituality and is almost sanctified
A reconstructive study of the late Miocene Yamula Dam Carnivor
No full textThis study focuses on a Carnivora fossil found in the Yamula Dam in Kayseri, dated to the Late Miocene Epoch. In order to reconstruct the anatomical integrity of the Carnivora fossil, a digital reconstruction technique was used. The reconstruction was approached not only as the completion of missing bone structures, but also as an interdisciplinary method aiming to revive the ecological and morphological characteristics of the species through scientific methods. The focal point of the study is the skull fossil belonging to the species Adcrocuta eximia. In this process, the measurements made in Dimitri's study were taken as a reference to complete the missing parts. During the reconstruction process, high-resolution 3D scanning, digital cleaning, and symmetric modeling steps were used. In this process carried out with Blender software, mirror operations were applied only to ensure anatomical symmetry, and artistic or speculative interventions were carefully avoided.
In the modeling stage, structures such as muscle attachment points, dental morphology, and cranial volume were taken into consideration to ensure both morphological accuracy and functional integrity. The obtained digital model was physically produced by 3D printing with PETG filament, and a three-dimensional representation of the fossil was presented. In this respect, the study demonstrates not only a paleoanthropological identification but also the applicability of fossil reconstruction through digital technologies. As a result, this thesis presents in detail the process of digitally reconstructing a carnivore from the Late Miocene Epoch, providing important clues about the paleobiological past of Anatolia and proposing an exemplary methodology on how digital reconstruction techniques can be applied with scientific accuracy.Bu çalışma, Kayseri Yamula Barajı'nda bulunan ve Geç Miyosen Dönemde tarihlenen bir Carnivora fosiline odaklanmıştır. Carnivora fosilinin anatomik bütünlüğünü yeniden oluşturabilmek amacıyla dijital rekonstrüksiyon tekniği kullanılmıştır. Rekonstrüksiyon, yalnızca eksik kemik yapıların tamamlanması değil, aynı zamanda türün ekolojik ve morfolojik karakteristiğini bilimsel yöntemlerle canlandırmayı hedefleyen disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın odak noktasını Adcrocuta eximia türüne ait kafatası fosili oluşturmaktadır. Bu süreçte eksik parçaları tamamlamak için Dimitri'nin yapmış olduğu çalışmasındaki ölçümler referans olarak alınmıştır. Rekonstrüksiyon sürecinde yüksek çözünürlüklü 3D tarama, dijital temizleme ve simetrik modelleme adımları kullanılmıştır. Blender yazılımı ile yürütülen bu süreçte, mirror işlemleri yalnızca anatomik simetriyi sağlamak amacıyla uygulanmış; sanatsal ya da spekülatif müdahalelerden özenle kaçınılmıştır.
Modelleme aşamasında kas bağlanma noktaları, diş morfolojisi ve cranial hacim gibi yapılar dikkate alınarak, hem morfolojik doğruluk hem de fonksiyonel bütünlük sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen dijital model, PETG filament ile üç boyutlu yazıcıda basılarak fiziksel hale getirilmiş ve fosilin üç boyutlu bir temsili ortaya konmuştur. Bu yönüyle çalışma, yalnızca paleoantropolojik bir tanımlama değil, aynı zamanda dijital teknolojilerle fosil rekonstrüksiyonunun uygulanabilirliğini de göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu tez; Geç Miyosen Dönemi'ne ait bir carnivorun dijital ortamda yeniden yapılandırılması sürecini detaylı biçimde ortaya koymakta, Anadolu'nun paleobiyolojik geçmişine dair önemli ipuçları sunmakta ve dijital rekonstrüksiyon tekniklerinin bilimsel doğrulukla nasıl uygulanabileceğine dair örnek bir metodoloji önermektedir
Evaluation of the physical education and sports curriculum in the context of inclusive education
No full textPhysical education and sports classes are considered to play a key role in providing equal, fair, and democratic education for all children, whether disadvantaged or advantaged. In this context, it is essential to evaluate physical education and sports programs that promote healthy sports and movement education in line with the principles of inclusive education while considering individual differences. With the shift from traditional structures, schools have encountered the expectations of students with diverse cultural backgrounds. Inclusive education is necessary to address this situation, as it promotes social integration and enhances students' academic performance. Schools that offer quality education to students from different cultural backgrounds can develop various teaching methods to meet individual needs, thereby fostering positive developments in students' learning processes. This highlights the educational rationale for inclusive education and provides a broad perspective on the effectiveness of physical education courses.The aim of this study is to evaluate the secondary school physical education and sports curriculum in the context of inclusive education.
A mixed-methods research approach was used in this study evaluating physical education and sports programs in the context of inclusive education. The mixed-methods approach was deemed appropriate as it allows for the integration of both quantitative and qualitative findings, ensuring that research results complement each other. Data collection methods in the study included interviews, observations, and document analysis. In the quantitative dimension of the study, descriptive statistics were presented, and qualitative analyses were conducted based on these findings.
To collect quantitative data, a five-question survey was developed and administered via Google Forms to 210 physical education and sports teachers working in secondary education. The quantitative findings of the study were presented as descriptive statistics. Based on these findings, the qualitative phase of the research was conducted. In the qualitative phase, individual interviews were conducted with five physical education and sports teachers, two academicians, and two school administrators. Additionally, focus group interview were held with two parents and two students involved in the inclusive education process. The findings were also supported through observations and document analysis.
The study results reveal that physical education and sports teachers are largely committed to the principles of inclusive education but face various challenges during the implementation process. It has been concluded that for inclusive education to be implemented more effectively, improvements in physical environments, regulation of class sizes, support for teachers through in-service training, dissemination of inclusive education program guidelines, adoption of individualized and alternative assessment approaches in evaluation processes, and ensuring the active participation of all students in the learning process are necessary. Future research is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of inclusive education practices and examine their applicability in different learning environments.
Key Terms: Physical Education and Sports Curricula, Inclusive Education, Program Evaluation, Mixed-Methods Research Model
Science Code:130202Dezavantajlı ya da avantajlı tüm çocuklara eşit, adil ve demokratik bir eğitim sunulması bakımından beden eğitimi ve spor dersinin kilit bir rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bireysel farklılıkları göz önünde bulundurarak kapsayıcı eğitim anlayışına uygun şekilde sağlıklı spor ve hareket eğitimini teşvik eden ortaöğretim beden eğitimi ve spor programlarının değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Geleneksel yapının değişmesiyle birlikte okullar, farklı kültürel özelliklere sahip öğrencilerin beklentileriyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Kapsayıcı eğitim anlayışı, bu durumla başa çıkabilmek için gereklidir. Kapsayıcı eğitim, toplumsal bütünleşmeyi teşvik eder ve öğrencilerin akademik performanslarını artırabilir. Farklı kültürel geçmişlere sahip öğrencilere nitelikli eğitim sunan okullar, bireysel ihtiyaçları karşılamak için çeşitli öğretim yöntemleri geliştirebilir ve bu da öğrencilerin öğrenme süreçlerinde olumlu gelişmeler sağlayabilir. Bu durum, kapsayıcı eğitimin eğitimsel gerekçesi olarak öne çıkmakta ve beden eğitimi derslerinin etkililiğine ilişkin geniş bir bakış açısı kazandırabilecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaöğretim beden eğitimi ve spor öğretim programını kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında değerlendirmektir.
Ortaöğretim beden eğitimi ve spor programlarının kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında değerlendirilmesi çalışmasında karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Karma yöntem, metodoloji olarak hem nicel bulguları hem de nitel bulguları birlikte değerlendirme şansı vermesi araştırma bulgularının birbirini desteklemesi yönüyle uygun görülen modeldir. Araştırmada verilerin toplanmasında görüşme, gözlem ve doküman analizi tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda betimsel istatistikler verilmiş, bu bulgulardan hareketle nitel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Araştırmada öncelikle nicel verilerin toplanması amacıyla 5 sorudan oluşan bir anket hazırlanmış ve Google Form olarak ortaöğretimde görev yapan 211 beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerine uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel bulguları betimsel istatistikler olarak verilmiştir. Daha sonra nicel bulgulardan hareketle araştırmanın nitel boyutu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel verilerinin toplanmasında 5 beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni, 2 akademisyen, 2 okul yöneticisi ile bireysel görüşme, ayrıca 2 veli, 2 kapsayıcı eğitim sürecine dahil olan öğrenciyle odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Gözlem ve doküman analizi yoluyla bulgular desteklenmiştir.
Çalışma sonuçları beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin kapsayıcı eğitim ilkelerine büyük ölçüde bağlı olduklarını ancak uygulama sürecinde çeşitli zorluklarla karşılaştıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Kapsayıcı eğitimin daha etkili uygulanabilmesi için fiziksel ortamların iyileştirilmesi, sınıf mevcudunun düzenlenmesi, öğretmenlerin hizmet içi eğitimlerle desteklenmesi, kapsayıcı eğitim program kılavuzlarının yaygınlaştırılması, değerlendirme süreçlerinde bireyselleştirilmiş ve alternatif ölçme yaklaşımlarının benimsenmesi, tüm öğrencilerin öğrenme sürecine daha etkin katılımının sağlanması sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gelecekteki araştırmaların, kapsayıcı eğitim uygulamalarının uzun vadeli etkilerini değerlendirmesi ve farklı öğrenme ortamlarındaki uygulanabilirliğini incelemesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kavramlar: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretim Programları, Kapsayıcı Eğitim, Program Değerlendirme, Karma Araştırma Modeli.
Bilim Kodu: 13020
A New Design for Switched-Mode Dental Iontophoresis System Using a Dual-Return Probe
No full textIn practice, continuous and pulse direct current (DC) methods are embodied in classical dental iontophoresis systems (CDISs) for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Changes in body electrical resistance and polarization occurrence are the main problems in dental iontophoresis applications. Moreover, continuous DC application may cause discomforts such as irritation, burning and itching on the skin. For these reasons, it is preferred to use pulse DC instead of continuous DC. However, in pulse DC applications, the treatment period is prolonged depending on the decrease in the electrical charge flow. On the other hand, the pain threshold of teeth when the electric current is applied varies from person to person. In this study, in order to reduce the problems caused by the use of CDIS methods for the treatment of DH, a microcontroller-based switched-mode dental iontophoresis system (SMDIS) using a dual-return probe (RP) is designed, and its performance is compared with CDIS methods. According to the results, the new SMDIS both reduces the polarization effect as in the classical pulse DC method and shortens the prolonged treatment duration in pulse DC by raising the pain threshold of teeth due to increased ion transfer, which is a great advantage over former methods
Effect of histidine and carnosine on haemoglobin recovery in anaemia induced-kidney damage and iron-loading mouse models
No full textHistidine and carnosine can form complexes with divalent metal ions such as Fe2+, potentially providing stability to intracellular labile iron. Anaemia is a common comorbidity in the late stages of kidney disease, and patients are treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation. However, iron supplementation is also associated with worse long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate how histidine and carnosine supplementation can reduce symptoms of anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects associated with iron-overloaded conditions. Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease mice were treated with histidine and carnosine by oral gavage for 10 days. Additionally, a model involving iron overload in mice was established, and these mice received concurrent treatment with histidine and carnosine. Haemoglobin, non-haem iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron parameters were measured. Carnosine increased erythropoietin (EPO) levels (35.62 mu g/ml +/- 11.43) and resulted in haemoglobin repletion (16.7 g/dL +/- 3.4). When iron was supplemented alongside with histidine or carnosine, there were better effects on haemoglobin repletion (14.22 +/- 1.7 and 13.82 +/- 2.15 g/ dL respectively), ferritin (59.5 +/- 16.4, 52 +/- 29.5 mu g/ml) and non-haem iron (0.8 +/- 0.21, 0.7 +/- 0.38 nmol/mg), than the group receiving iron alone (p < 0.05). Furthermore, histidine and carnosine reduced non-haem iron and MDA, in iron-loaded conditions (p < 0.05). These positive effects observed in histidine and carnosine could be associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. EPO restoring levels in CKD model and the increment in haemoglobin and ferritin in carnosine treatments suggested the potential formation of a ternary complex with iron-glutathione. In conclusion, our results indicate the beneficial effect of histidine and carnosine in the context of iron supplementation for the correction of haemoglobin and protection against iron-loaded conditions
Green Deal's impact on the financial sector: A comparative study of Germany and Turkey
No full textClimate change has become a multidimensional crisis that, beyond its environmental impacts, leads to global-scale transformations in economic, social, and political spheres. This crisis, caused by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, has led to the development of international agreements aimed at combating it—most notably the 2015 Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which impose various obligations on signatory countries to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change. The European Union has initiated a comprehensive transformation process aiming for climate neutrality through the European Green Deal. This process is not limited to environmental policies but also entails a broad structural reform encompassing industrial production, energy transition, investment strategies, and financial systems.
This thesis aims to examine the impacts of the Green Deal on the financial sector through a comparative perspective focusing on the cases of Germany and Turkey. Germany has played a pioneering role within the European Union in shaping climate policies and succeeded in reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 41.3% during the 1990–2020 period. The foundations of this success lie in investments in renewable energy, environmentally friendly industrial policies, and sustainable transportation strategies. In addition, under the leadership of the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), the integration of climate risks into financial systems has been achieved; the transition to a low-carbon economy has been supported through instruments such as green bonds, sustainable investment funds, and fintech-based applications.
Turkey, on the other hand, joined the international climate regime at a later stage; nevertheless, it has entered a significant trajectory with its net-zero emission target for 2053 and a 41% reduction commitment. However, the green finance field is still in its developmental stage. Although progress has been made through investments in renewable energy and the adoption of sustainability principles by a limited number of financial institutions, structural challenges persist in areas such as the standardized labeling of green financial products, the integration of climate risks into audit processes, and alignment with the EU taxonomy.
In this study, the climate policies, green finance strategies, regulatory frameworks, and transformation processes of the financial sectors in Germany and Turkey are examined in detail. Within the scope of the Green Deal, the strengths, structural barriers, and future opportunities of both countries are analyzed. As a result, it is revealed that the role of the financial sector in achieving sustainable development goals is directly related to the policies developed at the national level. Germany's institutionalized structure and regulatory depth offer a guiding model for Turkey, while Turkey's young and high-potential green finance ecosystem has the capacity to gain significant momentum through strategic regulations.İklim değişikliği, çevresel etkilerinin ötesinde ekonomik, sosyal ve politik alanlarda da küresel ölçekte dönüşümlere yol açan çok boyutlu bir kriz hâline gelmiştir. Artan sera gazı salımlarından kaynaklanan bu krizle mücadele kapsamında geliştirilen uluslararası anlaşmalar, özellikle 2015 tarihli Paris Anlaşması ve Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (BMİDÇS), taraf ülkelere emisyon azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum sağlama yönünde çeşitli yükümlülükler getirmiştir. Avrupa Birliği, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı ile iklim nötrlüğünü hedefleyen kapsamlı bir dönüşüm sürecini başlatmıştır. Bu süreç, yalnızca çevre politikaları ile sınırlı kalmayıp sanayi üretiminden enerji dönüşümüne, yatırım stratejilerinden finansal sistemlere kadar geniş bir yapısal reformu beraberinde getirmektedir.
Bu tez çalışması, Yeşil Mutabakat'ın finans sektörü üzerindeki etkilerini Almanya ve Türkiye örnekleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Almanya, Avrupa Birliği içerisinde iklim politikalarının şekillendirilmesinde öncü bir rol üstlenmiş ve 1990–2020 döneminde sera gazı emisyonlarını %41,3 oranında azaltmayı başarmıştır. Bu başarının temelinde yenilenebilir enerji yatırımları, çevreci sanayi politikaları ve sürdürülebilir ulaşım stratejileri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Almanya'da Federal Mali Denetleme Otoritesi (BaFin) öncülüğünde iklim risklerinin finansal sistemlere entegrasyonu sağlanmış; yeşil tahviller, sürdürülebilir yatırım fonları ve fintech tabanlı uygulamalar gibi araçlar vasıtasıyla düşük karbonlu ekonomiye geçiş desteklenmiştir.
Türkiye ise uluslararası iklim rejimine daha geç dâhil olmuş olmakla birlikte, 2053 yılı için net sıfır emisyon hedefi ve %41 oranında azaltım taahhüdü ile önemli bir yönelime girmiştir. Ancak yeşil finansman alanı henüz gelişme aşamasındadır. Özellikle yenilenebilir enerji yatırımları ve sınırlı sayıdaki finans kuruluşunun sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerini benimsemesiyle ilerleme kaydedilmekte; ancak yeşil finansal ürünlerin standartlara dayalı olarak etiketlenmesi, iklim risklerinin denetim süreçlerine entegrasyonu ve AB taksonomisi ile uyum gibi konularda yapısal zorluklar yaşanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, Almanya ve Türkiye'nin iklim politikaları, yeşil finansman stratejileri, düzenleyici çerçeveleri ve finansal sektörlerin dönüşüm süreçleri detaylı biçimde incelenmiştir. Yeşil Mutabakat kapsamında her iki ülkenin güçlü yönleri, karşılaştıkları yapısal engeller ve geleceğe yönelik fırsat alanları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmada finans sektörünün oynadığı rolün, ulusal düzeyde geliştirilen politikalarla doğrudan ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Almanya'nın kurumsallaşmış yapısı ve düzenleyici derinliği, Türkiye için yol gösterici bir model sunmakta; Türkiye'nin ise genç ve büyüme potansiyeli yüksek yeşil finans ekosistemi, stratejik düzenlemelerle önemli bir ivme kazanabilecek niteliktedir