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MLUH-E-312_1, Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cabanis, 1854, eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-312_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cabanis, 1854, Preservation: severe damage, Locality_loc.: Barskoon, Locality today: Barskoon, Country: KyrgyzstanDate: 05/04/1906, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 172, Identification by: J. Dahlk
MLUH-E-149_1, Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-149_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Circus pygargus (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: complete preservation, Locality_loc.: Mark Brandenburg/ Kreis Frankfurt Oder, Locality today: Brandenburg, Country: GermanyDate: ?, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 176, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1926, Aquired from: Dr. Henrici, ex Collection: ex. Coll. Dr. Henrici, Additional Information: From collection Dr. Henrici Wiesbade
Host-specific leaf-mining behaviour of holometabolous insect larvae in the early Permian
No full textLeaf-mining is a complex insect feeding behaviour that provides various advantages for reproduction success. The evolutionary origin within the holometabolan clade was hypothesised to have first occurred in the early Mesozoic. We re-examined the controversial feeding trace of Asteronomus maeandriformis, which is abundant in an early Permian plant fossil assemblage from central Germany. We applied multiple optical and chemical analysis techniques to unravel the distinctive morphological patterns of these insect traces. The feeding traces represent tunnels within the leaf laminae, pointing to an endophytic feeding style. In addition, we found numerous oviposition sites that exhibit a direct association with the tunnels and were most likely produced by the same organisms. At the investigated locality, more than 80% of the abundant foliage of Autunia conferta (Peltaspermales) was affected, indicating a host-specific mass infestation by the producer. Our results unequivocally show that endophytic feeding behaviour evolved in the holometabolan clade at least by the earliest Permian and, therefore, more than 40 Ma earlier than hypothesised. The findings reveal complex organism interactions in late Palaeozoic ecosystems that may have evolved in response to global environmental change, leading to drier conditions in the palaeotropics
Implementation context, mechanisms and outcomes of a transitional care intervention to prevent delirium : a mixed-methods process evaluation from the TRADE study
No full textBackground
While predisposing factors for delirium, like old age or surgery, are well documented, less attention has been paid to environmental factors, including hospital transfer processes and caregiver involvement in transitional care of older patients. To address this gap, we developed a pathway to optimize hospital transfer processes and actively involve caregivers in preventing delirium. This complex intervention was tested in a pilot study using a stepped-wedge design across four hospitals, accompanied by a process evaluation to explore the implementation context, mechanisms and outcomes of this intervention.
Methods
A parallel convergent mixed-methods process evaluation was used. Qualitative data and quantitative data were analyzed separately and integrated using a weaving approach. Analyses were guided by Normalization Process Theory, supplemented by implementation impact ratings based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research rating tool.
Results
Data included 72 interviews, 2 focus groups, 82 document analyses, 14 status analyses, 424 TRADE questionnaires, 58 Normalization MeAsure Development questionnaires, and website traffic metrics. COVID-19-related constraints resulted in partial implementation of the intervention, with challenges such as limited training opportunities and restricted caregiver involvement. Healthcare professionals reported greater delirium awareness, and educational materials received positive feedback.
Conclusion
The study underscores the critical role of discharge information, post-discharge support, and education for caregiver and healthcare professionals in preventing delirium. It also provides evidence of how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted standard care and the implementation of clinical interventions, emphasizing the need for adaptable processes and institutional support. Furthermore, it offers theoretical and methodological insights into conducting mixed-methods process evaluations in complex intervention research
Association between older adults’ socioeconomic status and their healthcare experiences, preferences, and attitudes towards deprescribing : a cross-sectional study in 14 countries
No full textBackground
Socioeconomic status (SES) can influence health outcomes. Both SES and older age are associated with polypharmacy, health literacy, and quality of care. Understanding how SES influences healthcare experiences of older adults with polypharmacy can serve to inform future interventions aiming at optimising patient care. Therefore, we investigated the association between older patients’ SES and their i) attitudes towards deprescribing, ii) satisfaction with medications, iii) self-rated health, iv) health literacy, and v) trust in their general practitioner (GP).
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, older patients with polypharmacy from 14 countries completed a survey on their attitudes towards deprescribing, healthcare experiences, and sociodemographic characteristics. We compared patients’ responses across high (reference), middle, and low SES groups (defined by education and financial status), and performed multilevel logistic regressions adjusted for clustering at the country level to assess the association between patients’ SES and the outcomes.
Results
Among 1,320 older adults, compared to those with high SES, patients with low SES were more likely to want a medication deprescribed (ORlowSES 1.76, 95%CI 1.20-2.57). Those with medium SES were less likely to trust their GP (ORmediumSES 0.70, 95%CI 0.52-0.94). Both low and medium SES groups were less likely to be satisfied with their current medications (ORlowSES 0.45, 95%CI 0.29-0.71; ORmediumSES 0.63, 95%CI 0.44-0.92), less likely to report good health (ORlowSES 0.22, 95%CI 0.14-0.34; ORmediumSES 0.49, 95%CI 0.37-0.65), and had lower health literacy (ORlowSES 0.10, 95%CI 0.07-0.16; ORmediumSES 0.31, 95%CI 0.24- 0.41).
Conclusion
Older adults with lower SES expressed greater interest in deprescribing, lower satisfaction with medications, lower self-rated health, and lower health literacy. Our findings suggest key aspects to consider when optimising care of older adults with low SES
Dysregulated oxidative stress pathways in schizophrenia : integrating single-cell transcriptomic and human biomarker evidence
No full textBackground: Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder whose pathophysiology may involve oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage and inflammation. We conducted a cross-species study to elucidate oxidative stress dysregulation in schizophrenia. Methods: We measured peripheral oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], reduced glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], advanced protein oxidation products [APOP]), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients and matched controls. We also assayed liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST) as indicators of systemic metabolic stress. In parallel, we re-analyzed published single-cell RNA-sequencing data from a Setd1a^+/–^ mouse model of schizophrenia, focusing on prefrontal cortex (PFC) cell types and oxidative stress-related gene expression. Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed markedly elevated MDA and NO (indicators of lipid and nitrosative stress) and significantly reduced antioxidant defenses (GSH, SOD, CAT) versus controls (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Notably, urban patients exhibited higher oxidative stress biomarker levels than rural patients, implicating environmental contributions. Liver function tests revealed increased ALT, AST, and ALP in schizophrenia, suggesting hepatic/metabolic dysregulation. Single-cell analysis confirmed dysregulated redox pathways in the schizophrenia model; PFC neurons from Setd1a^+/–^ mice displayed significantly lower expression of key antioxidant genes (e.g., Gpx4, Nfe2l2) compared to wild-type, indicating impaired glutathione metabolism. Conclusions: Our integrative data identify convergent oxidative stress imbalances in schizophrenia across species. These findings advance a mechanistic understanding of schizophrenia as a disorder of redox dysregulation and inflammation. They also have translational implications as augmenting antioxidant defenses (for example, with N-acetylcysteine or vitamins C/E) could mitigate oxidative injury and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia, representing a promising adjunct to antipsychotic therapy
The maximum Tc of conventional superconductors at ambient pressure
No full textThe theoretical maximum critical temperature (Tc) for conventional superconductors
at ambient pressure remains a fundamental question in condensed
matter physics. Through analysis of electron-phonon calculations for over
20,000 metals, we critically examine this question.We find that while hydride
metals can exhibit maximum phonon frequencies of more than 5000 K, the
crucial logarithmic average frequency ωlog rarely exceeds 1800 K. Our data
reveals an inherent trade-off between ωlog and the electron-phonon coupling
constant λ, suggesting that the optimal Eliashberg function that maximizes Tc
is unphysical. Based on our calculations, we identify Li2AgH6 and its sibling
Li2AuH6 as theoretical materials that likely approach the practical limit for
conventional superconductivity at ambient pressure. Analysis of thermodynamic
stability indicates that compounds with higher predicted Tc values
are increasingly unstable, making their synthesis challenging. While fundamental
physical laws do not strictly limit Tc to low-temperatures, our analysis
suggests that achieving room-temperature conventional superconductivity at
ambient pressure is extremely unlikely
A psychological network analysis to examine interdependencies between fraction and algebra subtopics in an intelligent tutoring system
No full textBackground
Many students face difficulties with algebra. At the same time, it has been observed that fraction understanding predicts achievements in algebra; hence, gaining a better understanding of how algebra understanding builds on fraction understanding is an important goal for research and educational practice.
Objectives
However, a wide range of algebra subtopics (e.g., Using formulas and Simplifying products in formulas) and fraction subtopics (e.g., Adding and subtracting fractions, Multiplying and dividing fractions) exist, and little is known about which specific fraction subtopics matter most for (i.e., best predict) which specific algebra subtopics. In addition to addressing across-topic subtopic correlations, a comprehensive understanding of within-topic subtopic correlations (i.e., among fraction subtopics and algebra topics, respectively) has not yet been achieved.
Methods
Here, we leveraged a large data set (3158 students; 257,321 problem sets) from an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) and employed state-of-the-art psychological network analysis to visualise and quantify interdependencies between students' performance on different fractions and algebra subtopics.
Results and Conclusions
We observed one robust correlation between a specific fraction and a specific algebra subtopic (Fractions and the order of operations and Using formulas). In addition, a larger number of within-topic subtopic correlations were observed. Importantly, cross-topic correlations and most within-topic correlations seemed to be driven by shared mathematical components (e.g., multiplication, operating rules or reading comprehension). Our findings advance the current understanding of mathematics learning and have implications for the design and improvement of ITSs, such as for developing automatic suggestions on which other subtopics to work on when a student encounters difficulties with a specific subtopic. Moreover, our study highlights the potential of psychological network analysis for analysing learning data from ITSs
MLUH-E-351_1, Nisaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, JF, 1788), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-351_1, Object: eggshell, Species: Nisaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, JF, 1788), Preservation: medium damage, Locality_loc.: Kandesh, Locality today: Kandesh, Country: IndiaDate: 20/02/1885, Collection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 170, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1907, Aquired from: A. Nehrkorn, ex Collection: ex. Coll. A. Nehrkorn; ex. Coll. E. W. Oate
MLUH-E-223_1 , Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758), eggshell
No full textInventory No.: MLUH-E-223_1 , Object: eggshell, Species: Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758), Preservation: good preservation, Locality_loc.: Halle(Saale), Locality today: Halle(Saale), Country: GermanyCollection_coll.: M. Schönwetter, published in Handbuch der Oologie, Schönwetter, Max: Vol. I, p. 166, Identification by: M. Schönwetter, Aquisition: 1938, Aquired from: W. Schlüter, ex Collection: ex. Coll. W. Schlüte