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Fertility desires and unmet need for family planning among HIV infected individuals in two HIV clinics with differing models of family planning service delivery
Get PDFThis article discusses eliminating family planning (FP) unmet need among HIV-infected individuals (PLHIV) is critical to elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission.Background: Eliminating family planning (FP) unmet need among HIV-infected individuals (PLHIV) is critical to elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission. We assessed FP unmet need among PLHIV attending two clinics with differing models of FP services. Nsambya Home Care provided only FP information while Mulago HIV clinic provided information and contraceptives onsite.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted between February-June 2011, we documented pregnancies, fertility desires, and contraceptive use among 797 HIV-infected men and women (408 in Mulago and 389 in Nsambya). FPunmet need was calculated among women who were married, unmarried but had sex within the past month, did not desire the last or future pregnancy at all or wished to postpone for ≥ two years and were not using contraceptives.
Multivariable analyses for correlates of FP unmet need were computed for each clinic.
Results: Overall, 40% (315) had been pregnant since HIV diagnosis; 58% desired the pregnancies. Of those who were not pregnant, 49% (366) did not desire more children at all; 15.7% wanted children then and 35.3% later. The unmet need for FP in Nsambya (45.1%) was significantly higher than that in Mulago at 30.9% (p = 0.008). Age 40+ compared to 18–29 years (OR = 6.05; 95% CI: 1.69, 21.62 in Mulago and OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.90 in Nsambya), other Christian denominations (Pentecostal and Seventh Day Adventists) compared to Catholics (OR = 7.18; 95% CI: 2.14, 24.13 in
Mulago and OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.80 in Nsambya), and monthly expenditure > USD 200 compared to < USD40 in Nsambya (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.90) were associated with FP unmet need.
Conclusions: More than half of the pregnancies in this population were desired. Unmet need for FP was very high at both clinics and especially at the clinic which did not have contraceptives onsite. Lower income and younger women were most affected by the lack of contraceptives onsite. Comprehensive and aggressive FP programs are required for fertility support and elimination of FP unmet need among PLHIV, even with integration of FP information and supplies into HIV clinics
Amara ni Simba
Get PDFThis is a children's story book.This is a children's story narrating how a young boy called Amara used to treat his dog which he had also named Simba
Tuberculosis case finding in first-degree relative contacts not living with index tuberculosis cases in Kampala, Uganda
Get PDFTo assess the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among first-degree relative (FDR) contacts not living with tuberculosis (TB) casesPurpose: To assess the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among first-degree relative (FDR) contacts not living with tuberculosis (TB) cases.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of household contacts living with an index TB case and FDR contacts living outside of households in Kampala, Uganda, is presented.
Results: A total of 177 contacts (52 FDRs and 125 index household contacts) of 31 TB cases were examined. Compared with index household contacts, FDR contacts were older, more likely to be TB symptomatic (50% vs 33%), had a higher percentage of abnormal chest X-rays (19% vs 11%), sputum smear positive (15% vs 5%), and many similar epidemiologic risk factors, including HIV infection (13% vs 10%). Contact groups had similar pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: 9.6% in FDR vs 10.4% in index household contacts and similar Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: 62% in FDR vs 61% in index households.
Conclusion: TB is common among FDR contacts. High TB prevalence justifies targeting FDRs during household contact investigations. Combining TB active-case finding among FDR contacts with household contact investigation in low-income setting is feasible. This should be part of national TB control program strategies for increasing TB case-detection rates and reducing community TB transmission and death
Strategies for faith engagement within One’s Career:The role of Uganda Christian University in preparing students for Post-graduation life.
Get PDFThis article examines the role of Uganda Christian University (UCU) in devising strategies for the sustenance of Christian faith in one’s career for the betterment of the society despite its social illsThis article examines the role of Uganda Christian University (UCU) in devising strategies for the sustenance of Christian faith in one’s career for the betterment of the society despite its social ills. The current theme of UCU is “A Complete Education for a Complete Person.” As a Christian university, UCU seeks to provide a positive educational experience and a strong biblical foundation for all that God will call upon its graduates to do in the years that follow. A biblical worldview should see God as the source of truth in all academic disciplines; after all, God not only made all things but he knows them intimately. Given the hostile and challenging social, political, and economic environment of Africa, and Uganda in particular, how can one keep Christian faith in his or her career? How can one remain “salt and light” of such a society? Being a Christian is no longer popular in Uganda and an alarming number of young Christians are walking away from their faith by the time they finish their university years. Mere academic knowledge should not be the sole aim of education, but rather the Christian character in one’s life during education and, later on, in his or her career
Wambuzi Isabazinga Omufere
Get PDFThis is a children's story book about a goat's animal leadership.This is a children story narrating about a famous goat that was a king of other animals in the society where all these animals lived
“As a man I felt small’: a qualitative study of Ugandan men’s experiences of living with a wife suffering from obstetric fistula
Get PDFThe effects of obstetric fistula surpass the individual woman and affect husbands, relatives, peers and the community at large. Few studies have documented the experiences of men who live with wives suffering from fistula. In this study, our objective was to understand how fistula affects these men’s lives. We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with men in central and western Uganda.The effects of obstetric fistula surpass the individual woman and affect husbands, relatives, peers and the community at large. Few studies have documented the experiences of men who live with wives suffering from fistula. In this study, our objective was to understand how fistula affects these men’s lives. We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with men in central and western Uganda. We used thematic narrative analysis and discuss our findings based on
Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity. Findings show that the men’s experiences conflicted with Ugandan norms of hegemonic masculinity. However, men had to find other ways of explaining their identity, such as portraying themselves as small men but still be responsible, caring husbands and fathers. The few individuals who married a second wife remained married to the wife with the fistula.
These men viewed marriage as a lifetime promise before God and a responsibility that should not end because of a fistula. Poverty, love, care for children and social norms in a patriarchal society compelled the men to persevere in their relationship amidst many challenges
Access to improved sanitation facilities in low-income informal settlements of East African cities
Get PDFThis paper reports findings of a study undertaken in low-income informal settlements using mixed methods to assess access to sanitation and identify the barriers to household improved sanitation facilities.Throughout Africa, the population in urban areas is increasing rapidly beyond the capacity and the resources of the cities to accommodate the people. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of urban dwellers live in informal settlements served by inadequate sanitation facilities. These areas present unique challenges to the provision of sanitation, and there is inadequate information on access to improved facilities. This paper reports findings of a study undertaken in low-income informal settlements using mixed methods to assess access to sanitation and identify the barriers to household improved sanitation facilities. Although more than half (59.7%) of the respondents reported using sanitation facilities that are included in the JMP definition of improved sanitation, a high proportion of these facilities did not provide “ access to basic sanitation” and less than 5% of all the respondents did not report issues related to sustainable access to basic sanitation. The findings highlight the urgent need to develop a more specific and strategic interventions for each low-income informal settlement, to upscale the sustainable access and use of improved sanitation in urban centres
To What Extent Have the Existing Land Tenure Systems Affected Urban Land Development?
Get PDFThis research sought to investigate the extent to which the existing tenure systems affect urban land development. In this research, different land tenure systems were identified in the urban areas, development patterns on different land tenure systems were described, constraints imposed by land tenure systems on development were examined and services together with the nature of housing on different land tenure systems were investigated.In Uganda, urban areas develop in pockets compared to other countries with a uniform land tenure system. This research sought to investigate the extent to which the existing tenure systems affect urban land development. In this research, different land tenure systems were identified in the urban areas, development patterns on different land tenure systems were described, constraints imposed by land tenure systems on development were examined and services together with the nature of housing on different land tenure systems were investigated. Observations were made in Mbarara and Arua Municipality on the nature of developments on registered land and non-registered land. In each municipality, some areas were observed to be more orderly and better spatially organized than others for example in
Mbarara municipality, Kamukuzi area, which is a predominantly residential area under leasehold and freehold tenure, was found to be more spatially organized than Kisenyi, a residential area for the poor under customary tenure. Houses on untitled land were mainly one roomed houses, constructed from inferior materials such as mud/wattle and grass well as housing on titled land were one, two and three bedroom houses and constructed with expensive materials such as burnt bricks, iron sheets and tiles. Areas on untitled land had a limited access to piped water, electricity, roads, education facilities, drainage, garbage collection points, and toilets compared to titled land that had better services. Formalization resurveying of land for documentation should be done in a participatory incremental manner so as to avoid possible resistance from the settlers. This would enable the planning of the areas the people live in
Mulimo Ki Ogusinga?
Get PDFThis is a children's story book.This is a children's story about different people in the society who where asking each other which is the best vacancy available one should apply for
Utilization of research findings for health policy making and practice: evidence from three case studies in Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study explores activities undertaken by researchers from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), an international research institution that promotes the utilization of their findings in the policymaking processes in Bangladesh.Background: In striving to contribute towards improved health outcomes, health research institutions generate and accumulate huge volumes of relevant but often underutilized data. This study explores activities undertaken by researchers from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), an international research institution that promotes the utilization of their findings in the policymaking processes in Bangladesh.
Methods: The study used an exploratory case study design and employed qualitative methods to explore activities implemented to promote research utilization and the extent to which researchers felt that their findings contributed to the policymaking process. Data were collected between September and December 2011 through key informant interviews, focus group discussions with study investigators, and database and document reviews. We reviewed findings from 19 reproductive health studies conducted and completed by icddr,b researchers between 2001 and 2011. We interviewed 21 key informants, including 13 researchers, two policy makers, and six programme implementers. Data were entered into Microsoft Word and analyzed manually following a thematic framework approach. Following the World Health Organization/Turning Research into Practice (WHO/TRIP) framework, three case studies of how research findings were utilized in the policymaking processes in Bangladesh were documented.
Results: Activities implemented to promote research utilization included conducting dissemination workshops, publishing scientific papers, developing policy briefs, providing technical assistance to policymakers and programme implementers, holding one-on-one meetings, and joining advocacy networks. The majority of the researchers (12 of 13) reported that their study findings were utilized to influence policymaking processes at different levels. However, some researchers reported being unaware of whether and how their findings were utilized. As regards actual utilization of research findings, the evidence from the three case studies indicate that research findings can be utilized instrumentally, conceptually and symbolically, and at different stages within the policymaking process, including agenda setting and policy formulation and implementation.
Conclusions: The results show that research findings from icddr,b were promoted and utilized in health policymaking processes in Bangladesh using a variety of utilization approaches. These results suggest a need for using multiple approaches to promote utilization of research findings in health policymaking processes