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Errors of type or errors of degree? Cortical point targeting in transcranial magnetic stimulation
No full textInternational audienceTranscranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive therapeutic procedure in which specific cortical brain regions are stimulated in order to disrupt abnormal neural behaviour. This procedure requires the annotation of a number of cortical point targets which is often performed by a human expert. Nevertheless, there is a large degree of variability between experts that cannot be described readily using the existing zero-mean uni-modal error model common in computer-assisted interventions. This is due to the error between experts arising from a difference of type rather than a difference of degree, that is, experts are not necessarily picking the same point with some error, but are picking fundamentally different points. In order to model these types of localisation errors, this paper proposes a simple probabilistic model that uses the agreement between annotations as a basis, not requiring a ground-truth annotation to be strictly known. This work will allow for the localisation error in transcranial magnetic stimulation to be better described which may spur further developments in clinical training as well as machine learning for cortical point localisation. © 2022 SPIE
La prévention spécialisée 2.0 : quels enjeux, pour quelles pratiques ?
No full textInternational audienc
The heterogeneity of the hydromorphological responses of a stream to the urbanisation of its basin.
No full textInternational audienc
Les Sociétés royales d’agriculture (1757-1793). Histoire et contributions de leurs membres et correspondants au Journal de l’agriculture (1765-1783)
No full textInternational audienc
Dynamique de transfert des macroplastiques en estuaire de Loire : trajectoires et facteurs d'influence
No full textThe quantification of macroplastics fluxes transferred by rivers generates increasing researches but a better assessment of these fluxes requires a precise understanding of macroplastics transfer dynamic within estuaries, environments at the land-ocean interface. Following the strategy deployed in the Seine estuary during the Macro-Plast project, this study aims to characterize macroplastics trajectories in the Loire estuary. Plastic bottles with different buoyancy were therefore equipped with GPS-trackers and released at different locations of the estuary between January 2020 and July 2021, during variable conditions of water flow and tidal ranges. 35 trajectories of maximum two months were monitored. Trajectories demonstrated a high spatiotemporal variability with total distances travelled by the tracked bottles ranging from 100 m to 103.6 km. The distances travelled by the tracked bottles were however lower in the Loire estuary that in the Seine one. Indeed, the specific geomorphology of the Loire estuary (riverbanks with gentle slope, submersible areas, reedbeds) lead to a fast stranding and hard remobilization of macroplastics. Bottles buoyancy plays a key role in macroplastics transfer dynamic but their trajectories animated by back and forth movements and stranding/remobilization processes highlighted that they are also influenced by other environmental factors including tides. This complex transfer dynamic and the fact that like in the Seine estuary, no bottle reached the ocean environment, raises questions on the real fluxes transferred from continental environments to oceans estimated with statistical methods.La quantification des flux de macroplastiques transférés par les fleuves fait l'objet de plus en plus d'études scientifiques mais une meilleure appréciation de ces flux nécessite une compréhension fine de la dynamique de transfert de ces déchets en milieu estuarien, interface entre le milieu continental et le milieu océanique. A l'image de ce qui a été réalisé sur la Seine dans le cadre du projet Macro-Plast, cette étude cherche à caractériser la trajectoire des déchets plastiques en estuaire de Loire. Dans ce but, des bouteilles plastiques de flottabilités différentes ont été équipées de balises GPS et lâchées à différents niveaux de l'estuaire entre janvier 2020 et juillet 2021. 35 trajectoires d'un maximum de deux mois ont été enregistrées. Celles-ci présentent une forte variabilité spatiotemporelle avec des distances totales parcourues comprises entre 100 m et 103,6 km. Les distances parcourues en estuaire de Loire sont toutefois plus faibles que celles mesurées en Seine. En effet, la morphologie particulière de l'estuaire de Loire (berges à pentes faibles, zones submersibles, roselières) donne lieu à des échouages rapides et une remobilisation difficile des macroplastiques. La flottabilité joue un rôle important dans la dynamique de transfert des macroplastiques mais leurs trajectoires animées par des allers-retours et des phénomènes d'échouage/remobilisation démontrent qu'elles sont également influencées par d'autres facteurs environnementaux dont la marée. Cette dynamique complexe et le fait que comme en estuaire de Seine, aucune bouteille n'a atteint le milieu océanique, questionne l'évaluation des flux réels de macroplastiques transférés des milieux continentaux vers les océans par des méthodes simplement statistiques
Role des cyclophilines dans le cycle des Coronavirus
No full textAMI transversalité CycloCovNational audienc
Unusual, hierarchically structured composite of sugarcane pulp bagasse biochar loaded with Cu/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles
No full textValorization of agro-wastes into high performance functional materials is a topic that is receiving growing interest. Agro-wastes could be converted into biochar by slow pyrolysis and could be even given high added value by in situ deposition of nanoparticles. Herein, we investigate for the first time the impregnation of copper and nickel nitrates on sugarcane pulp bagasse powder and its slow pyrolysis at 500 °C. The process permitted to obtain unusual hierarchically structured porous biochar material with 40 nm-sized immobilized bimetallic copper-nickel alloy nanoparticles. The materials were characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, TGA and SEM. As the pure biochar does not exhibits any highly porous structure, it is suggested that copper and nickel salts, or the metallic nanoparticles, are responsible for the fishing net-like structure obtained for the underlying biochar. The alloyed metal nanoparticles are extremely well dispersed over the biochar, with narrow size distribution (403 nm). This work clearly demonstrates that sugarcane pulp bagasse has a particular behavior and could provide highly porous biochar, in one step, for catalytic and other applications where high porosity and surface area are required. More importantly, such a porosity does not require any harsh acidic or basic treatment, and only the catalyst precursors are required
Uncertainty quantification of kinetic models using adjoint-driven active subspace algorithms
No full textInternational audienc
Short communication: Do clinical guidelines for bipolar disorders adequately address sleep, circadian rhythm, activity and lifestyle problems?
No full textInternational audienceObjectives Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) provide guidance to health care professionals and patients about the management of core aspects of BD. This study evaluated the overall quality of CPGs and examined the quantity, specificity, clarity and utility of recommendations about four key contemporary themes: sleep, circadian rhythms, activity and energy, and healthy lifestyles. Methods English language editions of CPGs for the treatment of BD were identified by a systematic search of the literature from 2007 onwards (i.e. 15 years). Blind independent ratings were combined to give consensus scores for the quality of each CPGs (using the 14-item International Center for Allied Health Evidence guideline checklist). Composite ratings of the quantity, specificity, clarity and utility of recommendations about the key themes were undertaken using a 0-3 scale. Results Twenty-five CPGs were eligible for review. Overall quality was high (median checklist score=10), but only 11 (44%) CPGs included even basic information about circadian rhythm disturbances. Combined scores for composite ratings about sleep and circadian rhythms were significantly correlated with overall quality of the CPG (sleep, r = 0.43; circadian rhythms, r = 0.42) but not with year of publication. Limitations No reliable scale exists for generating composite ratings of the four themes we examined. Conclusions Circadian rhythms and chronobiology represent neglected domains in CPGs. Incorporating this important theme into future editions of CPGs would aid health care professionals to identify, prevent, or intervene with these problems and improve outcomes for a significant proportion of individuals with BD
A modified magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for the detection of multiply charged ions in coincidence with all correlated electrons: decay pathways to Xe 3+ above xenon-4d ionization threshold
No full textInternational audienceNew magnet design of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer allowing the detection of multiply charged ions in coincidence with n electrons. Electrons spectra obtained without and with filtering by coincidence with Xe n + ions