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Ethical framework for AI in education
No full textAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into various facets of our lives, including the educational domain, it is important to apply ethical principles to guide the development and deployment of AI systems. This ethically guided approach aims to mitigate potential harms or discriminatory outcomes resulting from AI algorithms. As a result, various ethical regulations and guidelines for AI ethics have emerged at the corporate, national, and supranational levels. However, the literature has paid relatively scant attention to the specific ethical considerations within the domain of AI in Education (AIED). AIED ethics represents a complex intersection, necessitating the combination of general AI ethics and the ethics of educational technology. This research aims to find the key constituents of an ethical framework for educational stakeholders of AIED that can be used to identify ethical issues in an AIED system. In this paper, we outline the methodology employed in this research to create an ethical framework for AIED. A systematic literature review will first look into the ethics of AI, the ethics of education and the ethics of AIED to consolidate the Ethical Values (EVs) and Ethical norms (ENs) for AIED ethics. Building on this knowledge from the literature, additional ENs will be collected through stakeholder consultation. These ENs will then be ranked by experts and used to form an ethical framework.</p
Governing International Justice:Whence the Unified Principles?
No full textThe governance of international courts and tribunals (ICTs) by states, international organisations or other entities has for a long time been the reserve of international civil servants, international courts' principals, and legal advisers in the embassies and in the capitals. At the instigation of Professor Niels Blokker, not least due to his coinage of the term injugovins (international judicial governance institutions) and his prolific contributions on the subject, this previously grey zone of international policy and practice has turned into a dynamic field of comparative and critical academic inquiry. Despite the diversity among the injugovins overseeing distinct types of ICTs in terms of legal status, organisational forms, and practical arrangements, the operation of the governance institutions raises the same normative questions and challenges across the board. The problems in the judicial governance practice have attested to the need for injugovins to respect and safeguard institutional judicial independence, provide courts with competent elected officials, conduct adequate financial and management oversight, and ensure timely and effective legislative and policy interventions. This chapter examines whether, despite the irreducible institutional divergence, the unified standards that (should) 'govern the governors' of ICTs have emerged and, if so, what their sources and normative contents might be
Understanding continuing professional development of vocational teachers
No full textVocational teachers are expected to keep their professional knowledge and skills up to date. In order to support their professional development effectively, we need to understand how vocational teachers learn, what they learn, and why they learn. This study characterises vocational teachers’ continuing professional development. Teachers’ perceptions of their professional development were gathered during a two-and-a-half-year longitudinal study. Through learner reports and semi-structured interviews, 12 experienced teachers described their learning activities, their realised professional development over time, and the factors that contributed to their professional growth. Within the gathered data, three different professional development profiles were identified: professional development (1) focusing on the primary process of teaching students, (2) focusing on executing tasks and roles in school, and (3) focusing on oneself in relation to the wider context of vocational education. These profiles contribute to organising customised support of professional development trajectories
Backlash against wokeness in contemporary organizational fields:a critical discourse analysis of anti-woke discourses in relation to Flemish and Dutch academia
No full textIn this paper, we focus on backlash against wokeness as a phenomenonthat contributes to the denial of the ubiquity of racism in contemporaryorganizational fields. We conduct a critical discourse analysis of theseanti-woke discourses that play out at the macro-level (politicians) andmeso-level (university presidents) in the Netherlands and Flanders. Wedemonstrate how micro-level textual strategies divert attention fromthe pervasive nature of racism. This diversion occurs particularlythrough decontextualization and recontextualization, where wokediscourses are removed from their original context and reinterpreted toalign with the objectives of conservative political actors (politicians andacademic leaders). We reveal how these actors manipulate the narrativearound woke discourses to serve their personal objectives, therebylimiting the impact of these discourses on raising awareness about thepervasiveness of racism. Through this study, we provide a deeperunderstanding of the micro-level dynamics at play in anti-wokediscourses
Coaching Ethical Values:An Empirical Investigation in Mentoring Dyads of the Relation Between Engaging Leadership and Ethical Organizational Values
No full textA Digital ‘Smiley’ Analysis of the Appreciation for Tourist Amenities by Visitors to London
No full textDigital wellbeing research is on a rising edge. It is also increasingly applied in the hospitality sector to measure the satisfaction of visitors (metaphorically called here ‘smileys’); understanding and enhancing visitor satisfaction are pivotal for the success of tourism destinations. This study seeks to identify critical factors influencing the visitors’ appreciation for London, a city renowned for its allure, by harnessing available user data from Airbnb listings and hotels, using online reviews, with a particular view to the spatial pattern of visitors’ choices in corona times. Advanced statistical techniques, including sentiment analysis, digital text analysis, multilevel analysis, and geographically weighted regression, are employed to discover geographical patterns as well as statistical correlations between land use, density, geographic location, and visitor contentment. The findings reveal that proximity to parks, accessibility to public transportation, and the presence of natural amenities exert substantial influence on visitor satisfaction in London. Especially, the proximity to a park enhances visitor satisfaction, predominantly in western London. Efficient access to public transportation in central areas of the city positively impacts visitor contentment levels as well. Furthermore, the availability of and accessibility to natural attractions in the southern and southwest areas of London appear to elevate visitor satisfaction. These novel insights empower destination managers, policymakers, and tourism stakeholders to make informed decisions, formulate targeted strategies, and enhance visitor experiences in specific London locales. The research highlights the importance of considering location-specific factors and customizing approaches to optimize the visitor appreciations for a city. By understanding the complex dynamics between land use, density, location, and visitor satisfaction, stakeholders can foster sustainable tourism growth and create a more appealing environment for visitors.</p
Dynamic Processes in Emotion Regulation Differ Between Cancer Survivor Couples with Relationship Difficulties and Healthy Couples:Emotional Needs and Partner Responsiveness
No full textAlthough emotion regulation within romantic couples is considered an important causal factor in keeping the relationship healthy, this topic has not been extensively researched. In this study we investigated the perception and expression of attachment-related emotional needs and the responsiveness of partners to each other’s emotional needs as central elements of emotion regulation in romantic couples. An intensive longitudinal research design with high-frequent measurements was used to study these dynamic processes in romantic relationships. Clinical couples (N = 16) reporting clinically relevant relationship difficulties after cancer treatment were compared with healthy couples (N = 12). At ten times per day during seven consecutive days both partners completed a brief questionnaire about their stress perception, attachment-related emotional needs, and perceived partner responsiveness. When both variables were measured simultaneously, expressed emotional needs were positively related to partners’ responsiveness in the full sample, although more so in clinical couples than in healthy couples. However, greater expressed emotional needs predicted greater partner responsiveness at the next measurement point only in clinical couples, whereas this effect was absent in healthy couples. Furthermore, higher expressed emotional needs predicted lower partner responsiveness in participants with higher level of anxious attachment orientation, whereas this association was absent at mean and low levels. The findings in this study supported several predictions based on the theoretical premises. The unexpected moderation effects of clinical status (clinical vs. healthy couples) on the association of expressed emotional needs and perceived partner responsiveness are discussed.</p
“JERUSALEM NAERT LEVEN ALSO HET NOCH HUYDEN TEN DAGE LEIT”:Het realisme van de stadsportretten van Erhard Reuwich, Jan van Scorel en een anonieme tekenaar
Full text linkUnderstanding patterns of engagement in the citizen humanities:The civil records of Suriname
No full textThis study aims to identify engagement profiles in the citizen humanities and assess whether these profiles match those found in prior studies on crowd-based projects in the natural sciences. To this purpose, we use the log data from the citizen humanities project ‘Historical Database Suriname and the Caribbean’, in which volunteers transcribe the civil records of Suriname, and analyze the differences between engagement in data entry and forum activity. We identify seven engagement profiles, six of which are similar to the profiles found in crowd projects in the natural sciences. However, their pattern of occurrence differs with a more equal distribution of effort. Additionally, we discuss implications for project design and recommend choices that match project goals and foster engagement diversity
