Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Conflict resolution in Afghanistan. Do theories work in practices?
No full textThe ongoing conflict in Afghanistan poses a great danger for the Afghanistan state itself as well as for the neighboring countries. A decreasing interest from the United States of America, NATO and other key players, due to a long war and other geopolitical challenges will leave Afghanistan with the minimum outer support for the future. The science of Conflict resolution is offering a variety of theories that could lead endless wars and conflicts to an end. The ongoing conflict in Afghanistan is challenging those theories while the resolution is crucial for the Afghanistan people right now. But are those theories reflected in the current actions of USA, NATO, neighboring countries and the Afghanistan government itself? And do those theoretical actions lead to a better future in terms of conflict resolution? The purpose of this master thesis was to analyze the current policies of third parties influencing the current conflict in Afghanistan to determine the most relevant conflict prevention theory that could support conflict resolution in the most effective way in the future. In order to achieve the mentioned purpose; the following tasks were designed. At first the most relevant conflict prevention theories, applicable for Afghanistan case, were analyzed and the main characteristics were identified. Secondly third party (NATO, USA, neighboring countries) and Afghanistan government actions connected to the conflict resolution efforts were identified and analyzed. After that, the third party actions mentioned above were compared with theoretical approaches from different theories and trends were detected. Later on, research was focused to detect particular elements that were relevant for each theory and further actions concentrated to identify the trend of these elements for each theory while doing a comparison analysis based on selected timeframes. Afterwards the trends for each theory were compared and by doing this the most applicable theory was identified that later could be used in more practical way in order to resolve current conflict. The hypothesis, that Practical application of theoretical conflict resolution theories in Afghanistan does not lead to the sustaining peace, was approved due to fact that current third party actions that have some relevance with analyzed conflict resolution theories do not support long lasting peace
Medical support during military exercises: optimization of resources and requirements.
No full textThe final bachelor‘s work analyzes Land Force Role 1 medical support units (MSUs). As objects of investigation were used Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Rukla and Panevėžys MSUs. During visits logistical situation of personnel, vehicles and medical gear were taken into consideration. The first chapter describes the Lithuanian military medical system, structure and functions. An overview of the military medical service. You can find also a descriptions of Role 1, 2, 3, 4, and a meaning of medical assistance. More detailed information about Role 1 MSU activities and functions, interface with the bachelor writing. We analyze staff, transport, medical equipment and outstanding issues as the key areas of the MSUs in the second part of work. All those important areas were taken as a background of the questionnaire. We describe the research and data collected from the five Role 1 MSUs. The research results and analysis gave us an ability to provide the suggestions how to improve the current situation of the Role 1 MSUs
The influence of mutual trust on knowledge management. The case of the National defence volunteer forces of the Lithuanian Armed Forces.
No full textThis master thesis examines the influence of mutual trust with knowledge management in Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Force. Thesis carried out the analysis of the scientific literature on these topics: knowledge management and the influence of the mutual trust between the knowledge management processes. This work analyze the Lithuanian Army documents regulating knowledge management processes within: the guide of Lithuanian Army experience acquisition, the methodological recommendations of the Lithuanian Army experience acquisition’s process analysis, various other relevant Lithuanian Army legal documents (orders). Mutual trust is an effective knowledge management condition, but not always, this condition is properly assessed and knowledge management processes adjustment takes place only on installation of information technology and enabling regulatory framework to institutionalize knowledge management processes. While knowledge management system in Lithuanian Army has been developed over the years, called as Experience acquisition process, is still a lack of efficiency of the system, a large part of knowledge remains noninstitutionalized and lost in staff rotation and retirement processes. One of the reasons of ineffectiveness for this is related to the lack of trust. Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces (further – NDVF) is the only branch of Lithuanian Armed Forces engaged in military training of volunteer soldiers, whose participation in the military training often leads to opportunities and motivation to combine the obligations of a civil environment with a volunteer military service. In this regard, NDVF’s challenge – to combine attractiveness and innovativeness of exercise with military training requirements and the proper preparation of soldiers in the battlefield. In this case, the successful integration of knowledge management processes should produce effective results. The main objective of the master's thesis to provide theoretically and empirically based knowledge management priorities for the development of interpersonal trust in sharing knowledge in the Army. This thesis was aimed to validate, at the theoretical level, the influence of mutual trust to knowledge sharing, theoretically and empirically validate the influence of the mutual trust between the knowledge management processes and suggest priorities in the development of interpersonal trust–building, for the sharing of knowledge. In this master thesis the hypothesis was formulated: The mutual trust positively affects sharing of knowledge within the organization. In order to confirm or deny the hypothesis the survey has been carried out. At the time of the survey NDVF professional soldiers were questioned, in order to ascertain the influence of mutual trust to knowledge management. In order to find out the cause of the problem and possible solutions was conducted interviews with commanders of NDVF territorial units. The survey has shown that the greatest influence to knowledge management has trust in management and knowledge documentation. The survey found that knowledge of the NDVF does not properly documented, and the attitude of the staff (including commanders), and staff turnover is relevant practical problems, in order to effectively integrate knowledge management processes into the activities of the NDVF
Compulsary military service place and perpectives in current Lithuanian society.
No full textAfter seven years of the Professional Military Service, Lithuania has recently reestablished the National Service and this transformation was determined by continuously changing policy of defence. Moreover, Russia Ukraine conflict and the contemporary rise of the Islamic state has also influenced the new viewpoint towards the National Defence. In 2015 the National Service was restored due to the lack of soldiers in the Professional and Reserve Military Service and every year around 3,000 to 3,500 conscript soldiers are called for the service. It is the aim of the present study to discuss whether the reestablishment of the National Service in the Republic of Lithuania will guarantee the efficacy of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. In order to provide some answers to the research question it is essential to consider compulsary military service place and perpectives in current Lithuanian society. Thus, the purpose of this study is to: 1) analyse the transformation of the military model in the Republic of Lithuania; 2) examine the possible reasons for the restoration of the National Service; 3) contrast between the military models of Lithuania and Denmark. The study will be based on the theory of postmodern military while the methods chosen are of the contrastive analysis and the examination of the official documents. The Republic of Lithuania is a member of NATO and it's National Security is based on autonomous and collective principles of defence and it also seeks to be an engaged member of the alliance. The Lithuanian Armed Forces constantly participate in international operations and training. Since 2014, the funding of the Lithuanian Armed Forces was inflated and that is why the process of the modernisation of the military machinery and armaments has been increased. The National Service was restored only temporarily, namely for the following five years and this decision was made by the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Lithuania. There are two major standpoints among politicians towards thIS decision: some do agree with the temporal restoration of the National Service, while others believe that Conscript Military should be permanent. The present study focuses on the contemporary situation and the posible perspectives for the future
Baltic and Poland influence on NATO agenda tranformation.
No full textAfter almost a year, continuing military operations in the Ukraine have proved that the new threats to the security of NATO Allies has become a questioning issue for the alliance agenda. Today, much attention is paid to the changed Eastern European regional security problem, but poorly investigated a total of Baltic and Polish influence NATO's transformational agenda. This topic is new and almost not discussed at all, because of the focus on implementing decisions, but not in the Baltic States and Poland in political leadership deposits, which achieves more efficient Eastern European security measures. The Baltic countries and Poland do not have sufficiently developed security measures that can respond appropriate in the event of threats to the regional security.Labour problem, which deals with how the Baltic countries and Poland cooperate and remain a constant position on the Russian threat. Evidence transformed NATO from the agenda of the Lisbon summit until today. The aim was to find out what the Baltic countries and Poland have contributed to NATO's transformation agenda since 2010. In order for these tasks to be completed, the following had to be carried out: find out whether there was coordinated action between Baltic countries and Poland, in order to transform NATO's agenda; to provide for the future of NATO's structural and financial capacity deployment changes, which will focus on the Baltic and Polish security, find out the impact the crisis in the Ukraine has made on Nato's transformational agenda; to determine whether the Baltic countries and Poland's co-operation led to some of NATO's decisions on the safety of said countries in the regions. Survey the applications of these methods: primary and secondary methods of analysis and discourse analysis. The work was based on foreign policy analysis theory. This paper raised the hypothesis that- Baltic states are able to influence the agenda of Nato's transformation when their position coincides with Poland. If you have any general threat to the Baltic countries and Poland, regional security, the Parties shall endeavor to maintain a common position and thus influence the NATO agenda, which gradually translate into more security measures in the deployment of the Eastern European region, which enables them to respond to threats not only to neighboring countries but also for the whole the alliance
Land forces soldier’s systems development (needs and opportunities).
No full textNowadays. the topic of the thesis is relevant, because it concerns the fast developing and one of the most important projects in Lithuanian armed forces called the „Modern Soldier“. The focus of the project is towards the individual equipment and weaponry. Also, in this thesis, the author will concentrate on the individual equipment of Lithuanian armed forces soldier. Lithuanian armed forces soldier equipment was not analysed by Lithuanian authors. Due to that, it is relevant to assess the situation and the perspectives of the new Lithuanian soldier’s equipment in the context of other foreign countries. Methodology – author has chosen the empiric qualitative research, because it helps to understand the problem of the thesis and it is the most comprehensive. In addition, in the theoretical part of the thesis, a comparison between the different countries and their soldiers’ equipment was made. The evaluation of the results showed that the worst logistic situation is in the Lithuanian Military Academy and Lithuanian Volunteer Forces. The suggestion would be that the elements of the equipment should not be bought separately, but rather together as a whole. Due to that, it would allow to avoid the problem of incompatibility. All systems and elements should be modern and updated. Hypothesis: Lithuanian armed forces soldier’s equipment fits the requirements of other foreign countries through complex elements and used technologies
The strategic partnership of the European Union and the African Union in peacebuilding operations.
No full textSince the end of the Cold War the conflicts has become more ethnic and the conventional forces are not involved, but rebels or other civil armed groups fights within the country, Hybrid warfare in Ukraine and the civil war in Syria are the latest examples of the need to take appropriate measures to deal with modern and future warfare. In the changing security environment decision makers should also change as the United Nations, being dominant in the first generation of peacebuilding operations, began to be overshadowed by regional security organizations, namely the European Union and the African Union. The international commmunity seeks to respond effectively to the changing type of conflicts, thus the classical peacekeeping has no effect and it is required for new instruments. Peacebuilding operations are one of the newest areas of peace operations. In these operations it is necessary to focus on the restoration authority and sometimes even forming a new one. Peacebuilding operations are not a tool of war in order to support weak governments or establish them , it must be implemented by specialists, experts in their field, rather than soldiers with guns, thus in these operations essential function is performed by civilian staff. In order to achieve an effective result in different operations, different actors operate and some peace operations are carried out by individual organizations, others, that have entered into alliances and / or strategic partnerships, send their common capabilities. The problem analysed in the thesis is that the European Union and the African Union has documented the commitment to strategic partnership, but in practice the organizations do not accomplish them. The aim of the work is to answer the question, whether the declared collaboration in peacekeeping operations between the European Union and the African Union is a strategic partnership. In order to achieve the objectives it is needed, first, to analyse how in documents and in practice the concept of peacebuilding operations has formed; second, to analyse how the EU and the AU form the conception of their peace-building operations, expanding the UN stated objectives and instruments; and third, to analyse the contribution of peace building operations solving the problem of migration. The hypothesis is that in the documents the European Union and the African Union describe their relations as a strategic partnership, but the actual practice shows that this is only a declaration. The following methodology is used : a strategic partnership concept is chosen for the theoretical approach; working methods are the analysis of primary and secondary sources, the case method of analysis and the interview with the people participating in the EU operation EUNAVFOR Atalanta Somalia. Generally, it could be said that the strategic partnership between the organizations does not work. The strategic partnership allows to have a number of strategic partners and it is a flexible collaboration tool, but it should also provide mutual benefits. In fact, the AU is supported by the EU in resources and finance, whereas the EU does not get feedback, therefore it is likely that in the future, if the nature of the partnership does not change, this relationship will remain only on paper, or will not exist at all. Perhaps, in order to achieve more effective results, the organizations should change the nature of the strategic partnership into the unification in the form of alliance and limit themselves to just peace and security, not trying to cover many different fields and not fulfilling their obligations. The analysis of the documents and peacebuilding operations in practice shows that the direction of the operations is comprehensive and includes a wide range of actors and measures, and the main purpose is to restore order in a post-conflict country. It is likely that peacebuilding operations will remain relevant in the future, but the dynamics and adaptation is necessary. The EU civilian capabilities are the most developed of all international actors. It could be stated that the EU operations are successful as they are equipped with a mandate of the targeted operations. Meanwhile, the AU, being a young player in peace operations, in the operation in Burundi has shown that it has the potential and means to conduct peace operations itself, but the lack of further progress demonstrates that the organization may need to distance itself from the strained relationship and dependence on the UN. Possibly, if a military alliance was formed between the EU and the AU, and it was dissociated from the UN, but the AU received only financial support from the UN, then, like in Burundi in 2003, by planning, organizing and implementing the peace operation itself, the AU would demonstrate its productivity? Currently peacebuilding operations, as well as the EU and the AU encounter migration and refugees problem. The EU is more focused on the question where to find sanctuary for the arrived refugees, but more important question should be for how long to settle them and how to return them back. However, to better integrate refugees into their community, they should be offered job training and be prepared for returning home to work in their own societies as the peace building personnel. In conclusion, it seems that the scientific problem raised in the thesis is whether a strategic partnership concept is an appropriate theoretical approach to analyse the European Union and African Union relations, and it may be answered that it is necessary to seek for a different theoretical approach as the practical connection between the EU and the AU cannot be identified as a strategic partnership
Military transformation in Russia: implications on its security policy.
No full textThe annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the East of Ukraine, and regular demonstration of military force close to the borders of NATO are the obvious evidence of rising Russian military power on the international political arena. Moreover, Russia military power is increasingly used as a measure to achieve its political goals. The aforementioned activities could be observed in parallel with the ongoing transformation of the Russian military force. This poses a reasonable question, whether military transformation in Russia and changes in its security policy are interconnected. Therefore, the following paper will try to analyse this issues and determine what implications military transformation in Russia have on its security policy
Identity Theory In Conflict‘S Solution: The Case Of Transnistria.
No full textMaster paper work is based on conflict's solution according to identity theory. Transnistria's conflict is presented through the conflict metodology
Lenkijos gynybos strategijos posovietinėje eroje vertinimas.
No full textStrategy and defense planning for every community is all about thinking and planning its future security. Since Poland is a member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization for more than fifteen years and a member of European Union for more than ten years, it struggles with security issues which always gets new shape. State had faced many challenges since its independence. Just after gaining it the threat of military intervention was still felt in the country. The goal of joining the alliance was set as long-term goal. Becoming a NATO member Poland faced totally different challenges and threat as a part of military alliance. European Union brought new winds to the country‘s integration into Western community. It also brought many benefits however, new issues followed. Strong considerations about Poland’s security environment were taken after Russo-Georgian war and especially after the conflict in Ukraine. The issue of this thesis: How do national security goals and interests correspond to the situation of The Republic of Poland? How they have changed? The objects of research are National Security Strategies, military doctrines, from which interests and goals of The Republic of Poland were singled out. Seeking to solve the issue of thesis, the goal of this thesis were set to investigate security environment, national security interests and ways to achieve the national security goals. The hypothesis is that National Defense Strategy changes are relevant to national security, national interests and goals of The Republic of Poland. Ways to achieve it corresponds to security environment. Thesis is based on the realism theory and the concept of securitization. The methods used in this thesis are: interview, primary and secondary sources research, literature review, and the comparison of sources. For now, as an active member of international organizations, Poland puts effort and supports NATO actions, as well as participates in forming European Common Security and Defense Policy. Evaluation of Defense and National Security Strategies brings us to implications and hypothesis of this thesis, that, as the country which has the biggest influence on security environment on Eastern front of European Union, and carries most of responsibility for the safety of region, Poland reacts and adapts to the changing environment, which is clearly seen in its National Security Strategies