Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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The relationship between insurance and economic growth: evidence from the European Union countries /
No full textThis paper has examined the relationships between insurance and economic growth across the European Union countries which belong to the European Insurance Federation. Using annual data over the period of 2004–2015, the authors have done this by applying descriptive statistics analysis and econometric methods as well. This research has contributed to understanding the importance of the insurance–growth nexus and combined different approaches prevailing in the recent scientific literature. The research has led to the following broad conclusions: (1) descriptive statistics analysis has shown that the insurance sector development is higher in economically rich countries, such as the UK, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, France and The Netherlands; (2) a positive statistically significant relationship between insurance penetration and economic growth has been detected in Luxembourg, Denmark, The Netherlands and Finland. Besides, a negative statistically significant relationship has been identified in Austria, Belgium, Malta, Estonia and Slovakia; (3) Granger test has shown unidirectional causality running from GDP to insurance in Luxembourg and Finland; and unidirectional causality from insurance to GDP in The Netherlands, Malta and Estonia. The case of Austria has shown bidirectional causality between the variables. The analysis has presented the absence of causality between insurance and economic growth in Slovakia
Congruence between acquired and requested leader competencies in asymmetric warfare: analyses of leadership curriculum at military academy /
No full textModern armies are no longer operating conventional wars. Military personal gain operational experience on the fields of unconventional or so-called asymmetric warfare. These asymmetric operations such as PSO, PRT, etc. when military personnel is acting under the flags of NATO, UN, OSCE are widely described by military sociologists Kaldar (1999) Leech (2002) Wagemaker (2009) Soeter, Fenema, Beeres (2010), Caforio (2013), etc. The content analysis of literature on asymmetric warfare operations allowed identifying the list (18) of specific traits of asymmetric warfare (Kaminskaite, 2018; 2019). On this circumstances useless to mention that changing environment of military actions requires new or so called other professional skills of military personnel. The role of military officers and commanders is undertaking changes as well. Distinct level of military commanders requires distinct expertise in order to apply unconventional measures and to make unconventional decisions. What asymmetric leader’s competencies have be learned? Where it have to be train? The research study (Kaminskaite, 2018) done on this field identified that only 7 out of 18 competencies requested from leaders operating in asymmetric environment were developed during the pre-deployment training. Noncommissioned officers with the field experience in Afghanistan noted that most leader’s competencies requested in the asymmetric war was train not during predeployment, but developed during the everyday military routine and excessing. The results suggested further research questions about asymmetric warfare leadership training especially at the military academies. Graduated from the military academy young officers has the lieutenant military rank and the knowledge to lead platoon. During first two years of military service, majority of them are deploy abroad and getting asymmetric warfare field experience as platoon commanders. Does acquired platoon leader competencies according to leadership curriculum at military academy are congruous with requested platoon leader competencies in asymmetric warfare. Is leadership curriculum good enough for platoon officer training or needs a revision for so to speak a new future leader? That is important because modern theories of leadership emphasize that decisions of lower level leaders recently became veryimportant (Robbins, S. 2007) and it is true for asymmetric leadership. Platoon commanders more often than higher-level leaders are the subject of asymmetric battlefield and their decisions has vital significance. Conference paper seeks to answer questions above and focuses on the research data extracted from content analyses of leadership curriculum at Lithuania military academy as well as from feedback interviews of the graduated officers
Investigation of the gunpowder stabilizer content in 105 mm howitzer ammunition /
No full textOut of all the lifecycle stages, ammunition mostly turns out to linger in the storage sites and depots. According to researchers, gunpowder is considered to be a frail substance, and for this reason thermogenic effect of temperature and humidity is found based on the ambient temperature which has a major effect on the gunpowder. Respectively, when taking into consideration factors potentially having effect on ballistic qualities of the gunpowder, it is possible to achieve a more precise evaluation of ammunitions' condition; when longer storage periods are expected and with the aim to maintain all the ballistic qualities of the gunpowder as stable and efficient as possible, major attention must be focused on the reduction of the effect coming from ambient conditions. Moreover, it is necessary to take into consideration the variation of ambient temperature and possibilities to provide the appropriate storage facilities. Scientific studies often tend to focus on joint activities of military structures offering almost no specific information as regards specific features of storage of military equipment, ammunition, and other armaments, that require for exclusive storage conditions. This scientific paper deals with the examination of the lifecycle period of the gun M46 105 mm ammunition in Lithuanian army
Karininkų švietimo politikos plėtra kintančio ES saugumo ir gynybos identiteto kontekste.
No full textThe article analyzes the genesis of officer education policy in Europe and delineates the major patterns of its development. On the basis of literature analysis, officer education concept is defined and four main officer education models in Europe are distinguished. The article presents an overview of the European Security and Defence Identity (ESDI) evolution after the World War II (WWII), including three periods of its formation, and identifies the development of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Union (EU). The emergence of the most recent officer education model is examined within the context of the CSDP development and the Europeanization of officer education. The article provides a contextual analysis of four distinct officer education models. Further analysis of officer education paradigms reveals the cyclic nature of officer education policy, thus identifying five main elements fostering officer education policy development. At the end of the article, officer education policy development model is presented
The Implications of the Technological Trends in Military on the Defence of Small States /
No full textThe article argues that technological innovations change war, and pushes to innovate, to rethink strategic, operational and tactical decisions which raise new issues of moral and legal impacts. Small states have to redefine their defence concerning major technological trends. Technological progress will only strengthen the polycentric system in military technology because war is waged in six domains; small states do not have access to all of them, and at the same time they lack financial and industrial capabilities. Artificial intelligence, the increasing role of cyber and informational elements, unmanned systems, 3D printing and changing battlefield force to adapt the defence of small states. Small states have to plan their defence in three periods – peace, attack until full occupation and resistance. Technological innovations for the defence of small states are important, but the most crucial element is preparation of military and society for total resistance with the focus on denying victory for the aggressor. Small states cannot compete with technologically advanced powers (in terms of arms quality and quantity), so they have to adapt by expanding their fighting force, adapt to defend in the areas which decrease technological advantage and increase uncertainty. Small states also have to approach defence more creatively by exploiting non-onventional instruments, focusing on capabilities to fight without clear command and control, investing in personal skills of officers and soldiers, as well as maintaining symbiotic relations with technologically superior allies
Circumstances of the unification of Lithuanian anti-soviet partisans during 1946–1949.
No full textIn 2019 comes the 70th anniversary of the founding of LLKS – the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters (Lietuvos Laisvės Kovos Sąjūdi).This underground organization had been founded in February of 1949. It united the people, who had been fighting against the Soviet power in Lithuania. Heads of the LLKS were active partisans and they called themselves freedom fighters. In the same time, other people called partisans 'forest men', 'greens' etc. The main purpose of this article – to consider the process of unification of the forces of Lithuanian partisans under unified command and to highlight the main circumstances of this process. The article is based on the archival materials and modern research writings. So far, very few research papers about Lithuanian anti-Soviet struggle have been published outside Lithuania. That's why one of the goals of the author – to provide the information about this episode of the modern history of Lithuania to Ukrainian readers. Perhaps, the similarity with Ukrainian national insurgent movement during the 2nd World War will be found. The final ambition of the armed struggle of Lithuanian partisans was the creation of free democratic Lithuania. Partisans considered the mistakes of Lithuanian state-building during the interwar period, such as authoritarian regime and weak social politics. Freedom fighters hoped to get help from the West countries – Great Britain of the USA – through the mediation of Lithuanian emigrants. The unification of partisans was difficult because of the activity of infiltrated Soviet security agents. The chronological framework of the article covers the period of 1946–1949, when where held the main events of the unification of partisans. Active partisan struggle against the Soviet in Lithuania power lasted to 1953. Key words: Lithuania, partisans, Jonas Zemiatis, anti-Soviet struggle, LLKS
Decision making process in Grand Duchess Birutė uhlan battalion heavy weaponry company.
No full textThe success and results of every organization or institution depends on the decisions made. Correctly instituted decisions will provide a better end result than the consequences of poor decisions. Every decision is related not only with the possibility of great harm, but also with the security assurance of our country, therefore decision making is an inseparable part of a soldier’s life. The problem of this work – to identify whether a certain decision making model and method is used in the management group of the Grand Duchess Birutė Uhlan battalion’s heavy weaponry company. The study object is the mechanized infantry brigade’s “Iron wolf” Grand Duchess Birutė Uhlan batalion heavy weaponry company’s management group. The aim of the study is to provide solutions for the problems found in the Grand Duchess Birutė Uhlan unit’s heavy weaponry company after analysing their process of decision making. In order to achieve this goal, these tasks were created: 1) to conduct a comparative analysis of scientific literature in the aspect of decision making process; 2) to describe types of the decision making process as well as identifying their similarities and differences; 3) after conducting an expert interview, identify the weak points of decision making. The third task is used as an aim during the empiric study and is divided in three tasks: 1) to analyse the current process of decision making in the heavy artillery company; 2) to identify the main contributing factors to decision making; 3) to identify the predominant type and model of decision making. In the duration of the study, a semi – structured interview was used
Promotion of individual motivation. The case study of the 8th Detachment of the National Defence Volunteer Forces.
No full textHuman resources are an important resource of military organizations, and, in order to work human resources effective, military organizations need to adequately motivate these resources by combining modern and postmodern promotion measures
