Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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The inter-linkages between financial and economic development in the European Union Countries /
No full textThe paper has investigated the relationships between financial and economic development in the European Union countries using annual data over the period of 1998–2016. The authors have done this by looking at descriptive statistics and also by applying econometric methods. This study has combined different approaches prevailing in the scientific literature and contributed to understanding the importance of the interrelationship between the variables. The investigation has led to the conclusions as follows: (1) the countries with the middle GDP per capita indicators have demonstrated the highest level of financial development; (2) unidirectional causality running from real GDP to financial development has been detected in Denmark, Portugal and Latvia; (3) unidirectional causality running from financial development to real GDP has been found in Austria; (4) two-way causal relationships between financial and economic development have been detected in Luxembourg, France and United Kingdom; (5) the results of Finland, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Bulgaria have supported the neutrality approach. The research provides general insights and a better understanding to formulate the directions for sustainable economic development in the countries under consideration
Populist parties in Lithuania: curious case of party order and justice and its leadership /
No full textThe a rticle d iscusses conceptualisation of populism, Lithuania’s party system a nd electoral dynamics and their relation to the sustainability of populist parties. Special attention is given to Party Order and Justice, a former populist and protest party, and its leadership, namely to the issues related to scope and competencies of a leader’s intra-partisan power, leadership selection rules and history, development of leaders’ political careers and their electoral activity. Th e L ithuanian party system now exhibits moderate fragmentation without centrifugal tendencies. Voter volatility is still relatively high, yet the share of new parties has dropped to zero. Th e protest and populist parties in Lithuania went into the margins of political establishment. Popularity of the Order and Justice party has long been connected to the formerly impeached president Rolandas Paksas. His long-term leadership in the face of plummeting electoral support and an emphasis on his political martyrdom resulted in poor electoral performances, ensuing internal squabbles and his departure. Party Order and Justice’s internal regulations, however, remained favourable to strong leadership
On the Variable of Strategic Culture: Modus Operandi of Military Interventions in the Middle East /
No full textThe research subject of this article is the variable of strategic culture that has been subjected to some academic inertia since the Cold War period. The aim of this article is to define practical implications of the strategic culture through the prism of the neoclassical realist theory. It supports the argument that military interventional precedents in the Middle East since 2011 have been revealing adaptive considerations of the strategic culture as an intervening variable that implies interventional military decisions by the U.S. and its coalition partners. The first part of the article defines the precise role of this intervening variable as military interventional precedents are researched. This task is conducted by defining the general understanding of interventional initiatives, revealing structured assumptions of the neoclassical realist theory, and reconsidering the role of the strategic culture within that theoretical framework. The second part of the article shifts the attention to supportive empirical considerations regarding the strategic culture and perception of operational ideas – two specifically highlighted neoclassical realist assumptions. The article discloses that Western strategic culture is a changing intervening variable with a different level of permissiveness. A changing continuum of permissiveness is implied by interventional experiences that shape perception of the structural environment and dictate preferences for the power scale of interventional decisions. From this, the level of the structural environment’s permissiveness is defined. This permissiveness is associated with capabilities for implementing political objectives without further escalations of military power. Once the systemic environment becomes more permissive, the possibility of activating military intervention of various force-escalation becomes more conceivable
The need for a favorable study environment.A case study of the generation Z.
No full textAt the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, there was a shift in the paradigms of university science with the main focus switching from teacher to student. Student-centered studies are based on several principles (Guščinskienė, Čiburienė, 2018): teaching that requires constant reflection, no one-size-fits-all teaching method, and students possessing individual needs and interests. With the help of them, a choice in the study process emerges with the focus on students’ knowledge; learners gain control over learning and students get empowered in the learning process (non-repetition of knowledge/information) by their collaboration with administration. Generational values, expectations, thinking, learning, and decision-making are different as well as academic needs. The Generation Z’s social media and smart technology skills are significantly higher than those of previous generations. They seek to turn their hobby into a major source of livelihood and value personal rather than authoritybased experiences. The research problem: although the paradigm of university science is in constant dynamics, Generation Z poses an xceptional demand for a favorable environment in higher education. The research object: the attitude of the Generation Z towards the study environment in higher education. The aim of the research: to discuss the specific needs of the Generation Z students and their views on the study environment after conceptualizing studentcentered studies and based on the results of the research completed in December 2018. The research methods: the analysis of scientific literature, semi-structured interview, systematization, and interpretation. The research identified the following: 1) In teacher-centered studies, the teacher was the key player in the teaching process, and as the paradigm of university science changed, the studies became student-centered. Obviously, the teaching methods also change during and after lectures and lessons. Moreover, they include more short discussions, quizzes, role-plays, reflections, post-lecture individual projects, group discussions, anddebates. 2) As the study paradigms change, the infrastructure of the university and its supply with modern technologies are changing too. For example, learning spaces are adapted for lectures, small group work, pair work and individual work. 3) Generation Z (1994-2012) are experts in technology; a smartphone is prime for meeting their virtual space needs; they think globally, they create awesome products, they have a heart for business and career, they are activists, dreamers, visionaries who easily pursue business management, psychology, education, systems development, training and development in education. 4) The Generation Z students would benefit from the university study environment if the study was mainly focused on individualized teaching methods and based on practice and applicability of theoretical knowledge; if lecturers loved their work, were motivated, knowledgeable about various teaching methodologies, and were not only professionals, but also communicative, willing to consult, and able to communicate respectfully with students, tolerant and empathetic; if the university infrastructure were technologically advanced, ergonomic, had wireless internet and was available everywhere; if the study material was accessible online
The Application of Rational Decision–Making Model for the Recruitment of Z Generation to the Military.
No full textThe Lithuanian Armed Forces is a specific organization that requires a large number of well trained, high–quality personnel. Youth of generation Z, that is just about to start their professional life, must be successfully recruited to perform military service, so that the armed forces could prepare future leaders and competent specialists for various military branches. Military must consider finding the best methods of recruitment, that would ensure young people attraction to the military service, as one of its main tasks. Object of this paper – the application of rational decision–making model for the recruitment of generation Z to the military. The aim of this research is to find out whether rational decision–making model is a optimal solution when recruiting generation Z. Objectives for achieving the goal: 1) to discuss the theoretical model of rational decision making; 2) to define generation Z, to provide features that influence the recruitment process; 3) to determine the peculiarities of recruitment process; 4) to clarify the peculiarities of personnel recruitment process in the Lithuanian Armed Forces; 5) to find out whether a rational decision–making model is suitable for recruiting generation Z to the military. Hypothesis of this paper – a rational decision-making model is suitable for recruiting generation Z to the military. The questionnaire survey method was used in the study
Combat training in Lithuanian Great Duke Gediminas staff battalion honor guard company.
No full textIn finishing bachelor degree will be considered combat training theory, also Lithuanian Great Duke Gediminas staff battalion honor guard company combat training situation. Presented scientific literature, will be analysed thease documents, Lithuanian military doctrine, Lithuanian military combat training doctrine, Lithuanian military operational doctrine, professional military education and individual training manual, NATO alliance doctrine etc. Every Lithuanian military unit has its own goals during peace times, and during war times, thats why it is very important that eevry military unit would be ready as Lithuanian standarts. Also Lithuanian Great duke Gediminas staff battalion honour guard has it is own military goal during war situation – to ensure headquarters maintance and security. Goal of this work- analyze Lithuanian Great duke Gediminas staff battalion honour guard combat training system. To reach this goal theare is four main tasks: 1) Understand combat training theory 2) Review combat training process in management science conctecst. 3) Understand combat training in honours guard company. 4) Anticipate honour guard company management decisions in combat training improvements. After questionnaire we found out that in Lithuanian Great duke Gediminas staff battalion honor guard company combat training theare is advantages and disadvantages. In Honour guard company theare is explained that big part of soldiers during their time on duty appreciates battalion. Soldiers on duty in Lithuanian military feels that it is a prestigious profession, because they have the ability to serve their country, but they consider that theare lacks combat training, time spent on combat training is not productive and poorly managed. To improve combat training they need to allocate more time to it, and when time would be more productive and useful, while planning combat training we need to rely on Lithuanian military documents
Interinstitutional cooperation between the Lithuanian Armed Forces and State Border Guard Service in managing crisis situations.
No full textWith the geopolitical situation in the world escalating and the threat to national security rising, the strong functioning of the institutions pursuing the country's security is one of the key aspects for the stability of the state. A significant part of the emerging threats, such as the refugee problem, unconventional military situations, are overcome due to internal (State Border Guard Service (hereinafter – VSAT) and external security (Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lithuanian Army (hereinafter – LK)) cooperation. In terms of crisis management in Lithuania, there is no clear crisis management system. There is no crisis management law that would form a clear crisis management structure, so the problem of research arises - how is the Lithuanian Armed Forces and the State Border Guard Service ready to cooperate in managing crisis situations? The aim of the research is to find out the readiness of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and the State Border Guard for cooperation in the management of crisis situations. In order to achieve this goal, the analysis of scientific literature and documents was used to reveal the concept and peculiarities of cooperation in the public sector, to analyze the theoretical provisions of cooperation between defense and security institutions in crisis management and to analyze the legal and institutional environment of interinstitutional cooperation in crisis management. A semi-structured interview was also used to investigate the collaborative environment of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and the State Border Guard Service in managing crisis situations. During the research it was found out that there is a link between the planning and execution documents of LK and VSAT. Cooperation and readiness to cooperate in crisis situations between LK and VSAT were also analyzed. From the results it can be concluded that the relationship between execution and planning documents is, but there are shortcomings about cooperation, the reports contradict each other. Also, according to informants, it can be concluded that cooperation between LK and VSAT is ongoing and is constantly being prepared for cooperation in crisis situations. However, cooperation has weaknesses due to lack of funding and lack of expertise
A step-by-step approach to social marketing in energy transition /
No full textBy examining social marketing this articles has featured a step-by step approach for residential behavioural change towards sustainable energy transition. Specifically, this article considers the value-based approach instead of rational information campaigns for behavioural change of energy users. The proposed framework is based on environmental values and designed to transform the selected destructive behaviour into a sustainable one. The framework consist of five steps: (1) selecting the behaviour, (2) user orientation, (3) exchange, (4) marketing mix: elements of intervention, (5) measuring behaviour change. As behavioural change is the final goal of any energy efficiency campaign, it becomes also a starting point and an objective of the rest of the activities in the framework. Second, we suggest using the user orientation concept that divides the society into three groups based on their attitude towards environmental issues, i.e. environmentalist, the environmentally concerned and the disinterested. In the third step we apply the exchange theory; whereas in the step of ‘marketing mix’ a conceptual combination of six elements for energy transition is reasoned: proposition, cost, communication, communities and partnership. Finally, the fifth step stresses on the measurement of the behavioural change that enables energy transition. The proposed step-by step framework is based on theory and builded on current practice in a field that is analysed in the article
EU institutional reforms in the area of justice and home affairs 2016-2017 context of the refugee crisis.
No full textThe permeability of European borders has encouraged cooperation between the Member States of the European Union, and justice and home affairs have become a part of European policy over the last 20 years. Cooperation between national agencies regarding border protection, immigration, asylum seeking, fight against crime and terrorism, as well as judicial and legal jurisdiction across national borders have gradually increased to the supranational level of European Union policy whose aim is to create the area of freedom, security and justice across the EU where human rights and freedom would be fully respected. Justice and home affairs are political fields closely affecting the lives of European citizens, and, therefore, is important to clarify what institutional changes there have been so far and how it increased the extent of integration of the Member States
Application of the Lean Management system in a Defence and Security Institution.
No full textThe Lean Management System is a philosophy based on performance optimization and performance improvement. The main objective of the Lean methodology is always to strive to create as much value as possible for the institution with the lowest possible resources, as well as to eliminate wastage in the organization and increase efficiency effectively. The methodology of the Lean Management System is based on a continuous improvement process where work processes are constantly and globally improved. The aim of the master's thesis is to evaluate the application of the lean management system in the defense and security institution. The aim is to identify the main problems in the institution and the losses incurred and how this is reflected in the efficiency of the institution. The results of the study showed that the organization has many problems that can be solved by lean management systems