Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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The governmentality of energy security in Lithuania: a comparison of societal preferences and political agenda.
No full textWhile looking through the lens of governmentality, the article analyses how the Lithuanian energy secu-rity policy and the energy security risks constructed by the political powers coincide with the energy secu-rity preferences and perception of risks in Lithuania society. The article first analyses the rationality of Lithuanian energy policy (by examining the con-formity of the energy security policy chosen by the Government with the public interest) and then turns its attention to the implementation and consequences of specific energy projects (examining public opin-ion). The analysis of public attitudes is based on 2013 and 2017 and the analysis of energy policy as the most important energy policy documents for 2012–2017. The study shows that the mismatch between public opinion and policy goals can undermine the implementation of energy security policy
Assessing leadership capabilities of military and first responders for crisis and emergency situations /
No full textWhether natural, human-made incidents and wars, each crisis possesses unique and complex operational environment and requires strong leadership capabilities to implement response actions. Accordingly, every-day leadership practice, leadership self-development is encouraged and leadership development programmes are implemented across nations and institutions to develop leadership capabilities of military and first responders for crisis and emergency situations. However, assessing real leadership capabilities is often a difficult task as criteria for evaluation are neither standardized nor agreed. The previous studies admit that there are no universal instrument to assess leadership capabilities, moreover, leadership assessment is usually designed for long-term directions and self-development instead of leadership assessment in the field. Accordingly, we aim of this paper is to compare instruments and practicesfor leadership capabilities assessment of military and first responders for crisis and emergency situations. The paper fills a gap by comparing two separate streams of leadership capabilities assessment: an assessment of leadership (self)-development that is designed for team cohesion in a long-term and assessment of leadership capabilities that are essential for short-term actions during crisis and emergency situations
Alliance between Putin and European Far-Right: Where Does the Convergence of Interests Lead? /
No full textThe study traces the development occurred in the alliance between Putin’s Russia and the European far-right parties since the European Parliamentary election held in May 2019. The article briefly summarizes the populist upsurge in Europe, exploring the reasons behind it. Consequently, the relations established between the political actors are outlined, starting with the concept of “sovereign democracy” to cover all the eventual points where the interests of the Kremlin match with those of the European far-right populists. The ultimate purpose of the study is to define three possible macro-scenarios for the alliance and, indirectly, for the European Union in the near term, concluding that even though the uprising of the populist parties has been somehow contained and the alliance has been widely exposed, the far-right still benefits from great success among public opinion. Furthermore, however ephemeral and transitory the collaboration between Putin and the populists may be, it has already laid the foundations for a more fruitful understanding. Russia’s importance as an economic and political partner will grow as its friendly political forces do and their mutual sympathy will stand until there are reciprocal gains
Analysis of Securitization of the Baltic States in the Rhetoric of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov /
No full textThe article aims to reveal the themes, intensity and reasons for the securitization of the Baltic States building on the analysis of the public rhetoric of Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in 2008-2017. The current bilateral relations between Russia and the Baltic States happen to be hostile, often involving mutual criticism, aggressive rhetoric from the Russian side, and the security policy of the Baltic States is often seen in Russia as a threat to its national security. The results of this study make it possible to identify the publicly declared interests of Russia and their evolution vis-à-vis the Baltic States and to see the importance of the Baltic States in Russia’s common foreign and security policy. The theory of constructivism serves as a theoretical basis for this study. On the basis of this theory, the author has developed a model for the study of the securitization of the Baltic States, which helps to highlight the context in which the Baltic States recur most frequently and to assesses the goals pursued by the securitization of the Baltic States
The presentation of Lithuanian emigration on the pro-Russian website sputniknews.lt.
No full textEmigration is, probably, one of the most frequently discussed topics that raises themost questions and causes many arguments. Its importance in all fields of the country (fromeconomics to national security) is non-negotiable. The nations’ stance on emigration – its benefits,threats and harm, government authorities and their activity, and even emigrants themselves depends on the way it is described to the society and the way the media presents it. Therefore, thehypothesis was raised that emigration is the right tool for propagandists who are trying to achieveparticular aims, such as forming the audience’s opinion, values, and evaluations, manipulatingpeople’s consciousness, instigating hate amongst various social groups, etc
Political economy theories in the context of defence industry /
No full textDue to the increasing expenditures in the defence sector on the world wide scale there might be a need for states to reassess the impact of national defence industries on national economies, security, defence and foreign politics. Existing different theoretical approaches could be used to develop a research design for that particular case. This article reconsiders the importance of political economy theories in this context and investigates the methodical side of their practical applicability and finally revisitsthe results of similar analysis. Research reveals a phenomenal linkage of new political economy approaches to “grand” theories, concludes that proper methodology does not guaranty the reliability of research results, outlines the fact that numerous studies that focused on defining the impact of the military spending and developing own defence industry to local and state economies, do not provide a clear evidence that military spending is likely to have a negative economic effect on the state
The U.S. Foreign Policy Towards The Baltic States: The Implications Of Ukraine Crisis /
No full textThis paper aims to discuss the implications of Ukraine crisis to the U.S. foreign policy towards the Baltic States. This paper consists of several parts. To begin with, political discourse of Obama‘s and Trump‘s administrations‘ is analysed. The second part presents an analysis of practical level of U.S. relations with Baltic States during and after Ukraine crisis, focusing on three dimensions: political/diplomatic, military and economic. In the third part of this paper, implications of the Ukrainian crisis on U.S. relations with Baltic States are assessed, comparing trends in official political discourse and practical foreign policy of Baltic States prior to and after the Ukraine crisis
Ekonominio švietimo fiskalinės politikos efektyvumo trūkumai: pajamų mokesčio atvejis Lietuvoje.
No full textThe improvement of public finances is an important issue for any country’s development. This content is changing public sector and sustainability of citizens environment; therefore, much attention is paid to the widespread improvement of financial research. In addition, activities may be organized in connection with applicable higher education programs. On the other hand, education in the field of financial management in different countries is interpreted differently. It has become increasingly important that such a discussion does not directly contribute to the overall development of financial education in recent years. One of the possible ways to handle personal finances in various economic conditions may be to change the attitude of students to the knowledge provided by universities. Young people should be supported by financial education included in their study programs. Proper management of these programs helps to improve the educational process and their economic ituation. Ultimately, the best way to determine the tax paid by individuals and legal entities could be called their rate of tax burden. However, an ordinary citizen who lives only from the income related to labor relations and has a higher tax burden may be a more important problem. Another key objective of the paper is to disclose how citizens perceive taxation and public spending. The objective of the paper is to show the impact of the tax incidence in Lithuania during the last decade. Thus, we can consider almost doubled increase in the burden of direct taxes compared with the officially declared average tax burden of the country. Nonetheless, an additional tax burden includes hidden taxes related to payments from the individuals’ total income. On the average, the tax burden for an ordinary worker can be about two-thirds of his/her gross annual income. The perception of the tax burden can lead every citizen of the country to be responsible for all the actions of public servants and budget planning processes. Raising government revenues is often difficult due to the use of the concept of fixed costs for public sector when a person directly pays additional payments for most public sector services. Thus, the confusion of terms is quite constant showing the need for literacy in public finance. In recent years, the accredited tax burden of Lithuania has been more than thirty per cent of the country’s nominal gross domestic product. However, political leaders and experts suggest plans for increasing Lithuania’s tax burden. Besides, there was a critical error concerning contributions to social insurance and compulsory health insurance funds. Fortunately, in 2018, the national budget included social payments in the budget revenues
Formation of system for factors influencing employee loyalty at the public security service, Vilnius branch.
No full textThis bachelor's thesis examines the organizational commitment of employees and its promotion in the Public Security Service of Lithuania by analyzing the factors determining it and thus forming the framework of the main factors and measures for strengthening the organizational commitment of civil servants. The thesis aims to review and understand the concept of loyalty, its overall meaning and role in organizations in different sectors of the economy, at the same time clarifying the causes and consequences of leaving the organization. The theoretical analysis has shown that a loyal employee brings significant benefits to any organization, both in financial and reputational terms. Managers seeking to promote productivity in organizations need to take a serious look at the problem of a loyal employee, or, in the case of organizations with low employee loyalty levels, may increase the number of employees leaving the organization, resulting in lower organization or company productivity, service quality, and more and in defense and security institutions this may even lead to the involvement of civil servants in corruption. The maintenance of a loyal employee and his satisfaction with the job is therefore an important task for every manager of the organization
Pilėnai Duke Margiris 6th Infantry Regiment.
No full textThe history of every armed forces consists of different parts together forming a coherent whole. This monograph is published in a monographic series The History of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and is dedicated to the history of Pilėnai Duke Margiris 6th Infantry Regiment, an inter-war military unit of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, of the period of 1919–1940. The history of the 6th Infantry Regiment differs from those of other interwar Lithuanian infantry regiments. Nevertheless, it resembles the history of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas Regiment as both histories were broken. When in 1926 the Lithuanian Armed Forces were reduced, the 6th Infantry Regiment was eliminated, to be restored in 1934