Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Military Cooperation between Russia and Belarus: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives /
No full textThe article analyses the dynamics of military cooperation between Russia and Belarus at the time when Russia’s aggression against Ukraine revealed president Vladimir Putin’s objective to consolidate control over his interest zone in the nearest post-soviet area at all hazards. This could be called the time-period during which endurance of military cooperation is increased and during which Russia demonstrates its principle ambition to expand the use of military capabilities while leaning on Belorussian military capabilities, military infrastructure and territory as a bridgehead for potential military actions. For this reason, the aim of the paper is to outline the key factors which determine military integration of the both countries, or, more specifically, to discuss orientations and objectives set forth for building military cooperation as laid down in the documents regulating military policy, to discuss and assess practical cases of strengthening of interaction between military capabilities (strategic military exercises), to reveal the accomplishments of military and technical cooperation, problems it might pose and potential prospects of its development
Risks in modern higher education.
No full textThe globalizing world is constantly adjusting to the needs of the labor market by imposing new demands for the quality of providing and completing higher education, promoting cooperation among higher education institutions, employers and learners, and leading to successful integration of higher education graduates into the labor market. It is a complex process that involves a variety of risks. Risk is considered as one of the most important factors conceived even as a threat and/ or hazard of the 21st century.Higher education is encountered with internal and external factors that can influence the realization of the organization’s goals which pose various risks.Scientists from different countries identify different types of risks in their higher education systems. For example, the U.S. researchers from various higher education institutions often identify the following risks: strategic, financial, operational, and reputational risks, which are broadly analyzed in scientific works and also published on the U.S. high school websites. Therefore, the United Kingdom researchers who work in the field of higher education update and publish the list of risks in higher education on an annual basis. In Lithuania, as well as orldwide, as the processes of modernization evolve, new forms of risk are emerging associated with changes in today’s socio-economic life, including higher education. Lithuanian higher education faces various risks, which are determined by internal and external factors. The main ones are related to the consolidation of higher education (at the national and regional level) and the problems arising from it. The object of the research – risks in higher education. The purpose of the study is to investigate the risks in modern higher education. The research methods, such as the analysis of scientific research literature and documents, statistical data analyses and interpretation were used in the research. The concept of risk, discussed in the study, was first presented and refined at the World Economic Forum in 2017. During this forum, the most significant risks that the modern world will face in the next ten years were tackled through the diversity of risks in higher education
Rusų kalbos mokomoji knyga kariams : rusų kalbos praktinis kursas (paženkusiems) : mokomoji knyga.
No full textLithuanian National Security and Defense Policy: Case of Civil Resistance.
No full textThe aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to determine the place and significance of civil resistance in the Lithuanian national security and defence policy in order to determine why civil resistance is being given confined attention in these days. The object. The place and significance of civil resistance in Lithuanian national security and defense policy. Tasks of the research: 1. Based on the theoretical approach of the Copenhagen Security School to form a civil resistance importance evaluation model of Lithuanian national security and defense policy. 2. Based on the secondary sources analize the role of civil resistance in Lithuania with regard to securitization / desecuritization of threats (1990–2014) 3. Based on the analize of LR strategic documents to identify role of civil resistance in Lithuania in view of securitization / desecuritization of threats (2014–2018) 4. Based on the results of a semi – structured interview, make qualitative discourse analysis of civil resistance importance in Lithuanian national security The hypotheses: 1. G1 Lithuania’s stakeholders do not see civil resistance as essential element in the conflict. 2. G2 The focus on strengthening Lithuania’s conventional capabilities is greater than civil resistance. 3. G3 There is no unified strategy in Lithuania’s defense concepts as it should be implemented civil resistance and who should organize it. In order to make the research more accurate a qualitative discourse of a semi–structured interview will be conducted analysis in the third section of the thesis,. Respondents are high–ranking heads of state or officials from KAM, Seimas, MPPD, SKD, SOP MKPC and Land forces The results of the study showed that the importance and role of civil resistance in Lithuania has been changing as the security environment has changed. It is best described by four major cleavages. Analyzing documents and qualitative interviews several main conclusions emerged: 1) the relatively smaller focus on civil resistance is clearly evident from the analysis of strategic documents. This conclusion is confirmed by qualitative interview discourse analysis also. Thus, the hypothesis G2 is affirmed; 2) Different understanding of civil resistance in the institutions. Policy makers see civil resistance as important component of national security, but not essential. It means, that the Hypotesis G1 was only partially confirmed; 3) There is a lack of correlation and interaction between policies developers and implementers; 4) There is no unified strategy in Lithuania to be implemented to organize and coordinate civil resistance. This means that the Hypotesis G3 proved to be good. This research should be of benefit to all Lithuanian national security defense policy researchers in the future by exploring civil resistance more widely. During the study, the weaknesses of the Lithuanian concept of civil resistance could be identified in the future, revised and implemented in practice, which can contribute to strengthening national security
Lietuvos užsienio politika viešosios politikos kontekste: efektyvios vertinimo sistemos paieška.
No full textThe Activity Report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania for 2017 declares that Lithuania’s foreign policy is effective and claims that public opinion is the most important criteria for measuring its effectiveness. The article analyses Lithuania’s foreign public policy cycle, with the focus on its formation and evaluation peculiarities. It argues that the cycle of Lithuanian foreign public policy is stagnating since its evaluation stage lacks efficiency and misses critical evaluations. The lack of strategic documents does not allow defining core foreign policy goals and in this matter to evaluate their achievement. The ambiguous goals in lower level documents prevent critical evaluation because of political interests. Lithuanian foreign policy is the outcome of close cooperation between President’s Office and Ministry of Foreign Affairs which limits criticism between institutions. The Seimas provides greater criticism only when initiative is showed by the opposition. Foreign policy remains the sphere of responsibility of the political elite which has broad consensus and has differences in their views on a tactical level. Media and experts, for the most part, avoid critical evaluations of foreign policy as they want to remain in the dominating discourse and keep close contacts with state institutions. The current evaluation environment and tools are not sufficient to make changes at the agenda-setting stage of foreign policy
Means of conscripts’ motivation and their application in General Adolfas Ramanauskas Combat Training Centre.
No full textThe purpose of this scientific article is to identify the most persistent motivational measures of conscripts applied at General Adolf Ramanauskas Combat Training Center. The article discusses motivation, motivating and motivation measures applied in contemporary civil organizations and the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The empirical part of the article is based on the authentic investigation of conscripts, which was carried out in the spring of 2018 in the “Vanagas” Operational Environment Company. The results of the research revealed that the most significant motivating factors for a conscript are such as the need for personal accomplishments and respect. What concerns the group of material motivation measures, the conscripts are best motivated by provision of health care services and social guarantees. In case of intangible values, they are most motivated by the opportunity to develop and pursue a career. Priority motivating measures that could encourage soldiers to serve better could be likewise: commanders’ support and trust, a friendly team, clear and interesting tasks, increase of cash benefits and organization of leisure time activities
Research of the possibilities of armed resistance.
No full textIn case of the occupation, citizens of the Republic of Lithuania must know how to resist or to continue fight the occupants. Every citizen can take a part in activities, which are harmful to the enemy or helpful for active participants of the resistance. For soldiers higher requirements are applied they must be able to carry actions of active resistance. In certain circumstances, it means to carry out kinetic actions, to the greatest possible extent to the occupiers. This research analyzes the theory of resistance, and its historical examples. Finding ways to efficiently carry out armed resistance using limited weaponry and choose the most valuable target. The object of the research is the implementation of resistance during the occupation. The aim of the research is to investigate the ways of conducting resistance fighting and to distinguish effective methods of fighting and applying armed force. The tasks are to analyze the implementation of resistance, to find out what weaponry is most effective, and to set priority targets. The research hypothesis is for the maximal effect of the resistance, the logistics of hostile forces are the main target instead of enemy’s armed capabilities
The reasons for the creation and operating of the far-left ideological organizations: "RAF", "ELF" and "Antifa" case studies.
No full textThe actions undertaken by far-left ideology organizations could potentially become harmful to the wellbeing of a democratic state or even threaten its existence. Because of this reason, this topic is important to the security of the state. After researching the reasons behind their formation and the political, societal and historical context of their creation it could be possible to foresee in advance the formation of such organizations. The research about the occurrences that are caused by the far-left ideology is scarce. After analyzing research that was done on far-left ideology organizations, it was concluded, that the most researched fields in this regard are isolated organizations and the actions that they undertook. No study could be found that could explain the reasons behind far-left organization formation
Ethical Dimension of Military Information Operation /
No full textThe article discusses the issues related to ethics of military information operations. It tries to explore possible challenges posed by military exploitation of the information domain and its relation to professional ethics. Ethical aspects of military information operations are explored through the lens of traditional concepts of the just war theory. The authors try to examine suitability of the just war theory for the study of an ethical dimension of military information operations