Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Lithuania in European Union Common Security and Defence Policy Context /
No full textObjectives: EU Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) that encompasses 29 nations is gaining momentum. The aim of this study is to acknowledge ongoing developments in EU CSDP and define their impact for Lithuanian defence and security policy. Methods: Comparative scientific literature and document analysis method was used throughout this study. Article firstly reviews a path of EU CSDP developments, outlines roles and responsibilities of EU structures and examines current activities in CSDP framework with the focus to Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). Second part is devoted to consider Lithuanian’s role in current EU CSDP context, to outline decisions that Lithuanian authorities made to implement new PESCO initiative. Results: Study reveals that: CSDP remains adaptive framework for EU; established procedures ensure CSDP is in compromise with all of nations; PESCO initiative signals positive outcomes while reinforcing idea of “EU Strategic autonomy”. Furthermore it was indentified that: approved National Security Strategy backs current EU initiatives; PESCO could provide flexible response options without duplicating NATO’s efforts; national participation in PESCO initiatives will enable improvements in cyber security and will enable rapid access for possible EU and NATO troops deployments; participation in PESCO negotiation phase reached given political aims to seek more extensive projects and position nation within core members of EU. Conclusions: Lithuanian policies’ shift for deeper engagement in CSDP is likely shaped by recognition that strategic trans-Atlantic partnership is not certain anymore, as well as UK role at post-Brexit period as 3rd party
Change in National Security and Defense Policy of Lithuania since 2014.
No full textTaking into account Russia's actions, especially after 2014, Lithuania and other eastern European countries have intensified the securitization process of Russia hybrid threats to states National Security. Because of this process in Lithuania, changes in National Security and Defense Policy were launched. However, despite the fact that the Baltic region is a NATO buffer zone with Russia, the region is dominated by huge military asymmetry with Russia and that NATO considers the Baltic States, including Lithuania, to be one of the most important geographical locations of the Alliance at this time, but despite all of these facts, this particular topic does not get enough academic attention. For this reason, it is important to broaden the academic information field on the situation in the region and to find out how Lithuania's National Security and Defense Policy was changed after 2014, as only evaluating whether these changes are suitable will give opportunity to fight hybrid threats from Russia in the future. The problem of this topic – since 2014, the securitiz
Influence of traditional media on course of conflict: case of conflict in Eastern Ukraine.
No full textEven though the means of traditional media (television, radio and press) is less important in 21st century due to new technologies and increasing usage and importance of social media, the traditional media still does plenty of influence (first of all - TV) upon worldview of people, specially the elderly. Conflict in Eastern Ukraine that took place after 2014 Ukraine Maidan revolution is different than traditional, conventional conflicts of 20th century. The Western World has noticed a different type of warfare used in Eastern Ukraine and Crimean peninsula – hybrid warfare, where the conflict does not happen only in conventional battles, but also the fight takes place in informational and cybernetic space. Traditional media has a very important role in this conflict. Russian controlled state media in Russia shows Ukraine as neo-nazi, fascist country that is doomed to fall due to incapability to function properly and take care of it‘s citizens, protect them from various threats. After pro-Russian separatists took over television and radio stations in Eastern Ukraine, the same message and propaganda is being transmitted to the local people of the region. It contributes to escalation of the conflict because the transmissions shape positive attitude towards the pro-Russian separatists in the region and the war against Ukraine itself
Research of Lithuanian territory contamination by unexploded ordnance.
No full textThe Lithuanian territory contamination by unexploded ordnance these days is still a relevant problem because more than 70 years after the war there still appears news in the media about people‘s encounter with the leftover explosives after war. The first part of this final bachelor‘s work reviews the cleaning of territories from explosives remaining after military conflicts in different parts of the world. Also discussed of the First and Second World War and Independence battles and the location of former Russian military bases as possible causes of Lithuania territory contamination by unexploded ordnance. After the analysis of literature sources, the concepts of explosive and explosion, classification of explosive substances, types of found standard explosives and their markings are presented. The criteria described that influence the possibility of encountering unexploded ordnance
The comparison of B. Obama and D. Trump foreign policy: Iran and China case.
No full textAt the end of President of the United States George W. Bush cadency, American foreign policy was criticized by international arena because of the failure by invading Iraq, Afghanistan, and economic world crisis in 2008, the raising China’s power, which has effected the image of America as a hegemonic power worldwide. Reacting to the criticism and aiming to strengthen the status of United States as a superpower, was one of the main goal in B. Obama’s foreign policy, which took the office as a president in 2009. President’s policy was noted by a liberal approach to international community, which poorly reminds current President of the United States D. Trump position which orientated to improve the image of US as a superpower by is by highlighting the interests of America and after that giving an attention to cooperation with the other countries and the development of democratic principles worldwide. The bachelor thesis describes theories of liberal and constructive internationalism and applies a practical study to find out which President's (Obama's or D. Trump's) foreign policy in Iran and China might be based on the model of comparison of key components and the schema of qualitative discourse analysis method which is adapted to the aforementioned theories based on public statements. The results of qualitative discourse analysis show that, in terms of public statements on the Iranian and Chinese aspects, Obama's rhetoric tends to the theory of liberal internationalism, which states that the prosperity of the international arena, the development of democratic principles in the world, the de-escalation of conflicts are important areas of state foreign policy interests, which provide the state with a leading position in the world. D. Trump’s approach and the measures in the above mentioned cases are more on conservative internationalism. By highlighting the US as a primary interest, focusing on cooperation only with those countries that are of interest to America and not focusing too much on the development of democratic principles, President Rhetoric proves the equivalent of its approach to the conservative theory of internationalism. Obama and D. Trump are controversial presidents who are not pursued in foreign politics under the presidential traditions of US foreign policy
A modern warfare paradigm: reconsideration of combat power concept /
No full textWorld Wide Web, Information Technologies and Web-Enabled Collaborative Technologies 2.0 accelerate the process of globalization. In modern globalization process, these technologies dictates how information is designed and how information flow is used in global communication system. In such interactive global environment, Fourth Generation Warfare has emerged where people’s identities and beliefs are the primary source of conflict. Primary fight is held not between countries, but between cultures. It is obvious - the nature of war has drastically changed and it almost eliminates the boundaries between the war and peace. Such an understanding generates a different view of modern warfare. From the modern perspective the main risks are directed to the state’s internal identity through people’s “hearts and minds” and society’s moods. People’s loyalty to attractive ideas and not to organizations is a major shift. It supports Sun Tzu’s and Clausewitz’s main ideas - winning wars without massive destruction by breaking down the enemy’s will and determination to fight with a limited use of military power. It is needed to reconsider not only the definitions of modern warfare and warfighting but also rethink the concept of combat power. It is obvious that the role of the military in peacetime activity must change significantly. Nevertheless, the new understanding rise a necessity to integrate the whole society and subjects of state in dealing with threats. The holistic defense approach is a new, more effective way of tackling modern security and sustainability issues of the states that need to be clearly defined
PeSCo: The Swedish perspective /
No full textThe Swedish position on the Permanent Structured Cooperation in the European Union in the area of defence and security (PeSCo) reflects a keen interest in maintaining European unity as a means of ensuring Sweden's national security. The inclusiveness that characterises PeSCo today finds political support in Sweden, which sees enhanced European cooperation on defence as a means to counteract centrifugal forces in the EU - but with an emphasis on keeping cooperation strictly intergovernmental. The Swedish choice of PeSCo projects is, in turn, guided by the need to allocate resources effectively to the strengthening of national military capabilities. Swedish interests in PeSCo are shaped primarily by the priority attributed to its territorial defence, where military mobility and the defence materiel development are of primary importance. The continuation of Sweden's military engagement in EU crisis management operations is, at the same time, reflected in two out of four PeSCo projects that Sweden has chosen to participate in: the European Training Missions Competence Centre and the European Medical Command. A core Swedish interest regarding the further development of PeSCo and specifically the European Defence Fund (EDF) and European Defence Industrial Development Programme (EDIDP), is that they ensure the continuity of the transatlantic defence cooperation and allow the protection of the Swedish industrial partnerships with the UK, USA and Norway. Alongside the transatlantic partnership, France and Germany are becoming more important for Sweden. The extent to which they can become defence partners of choice for Sweden will be determined by the practical added value that both can generate for the Swedish Armed Forces. The German Framework Nations Concept (FNC) and the French European Intervention Initiative (EII) are assessed both in terms of their political expediency in the EU context, and their utility for the Swedish capability development to face any military threats from Russia
Creative leaders in economy and the need of progress drivers /
No full textA qualitative human resource is becoming a key catalyst for progress in the 21s t century. Therefore, the modern stage is seen as the \"era of struggle for talent\". The distinction in economic science of the concepts of \"creative class\", \"talents\" as characteristics of a particularly valuable human resource determines the review of existing approaches to the methodology of research and stimulation of human development. This paper provides definitions of the concepts of \"talent\", \"creativity\", \"super -creativity\" and outlines their values for economies. We analyse the actual methods of assessing the level of creativity of the states as well as follow the dynamics of these indicators and the structure of the global competitiveness index \"ability to hold talents\" and \"ability to attract talents\". Moreover, the paper carries out the formalization of the social development process which reflects the fact that the availability of creative potential in the economy is a prerequisite for the capitalization of any other resources. Our results show that the talented people are the most valuable resource in the system of global talent management, and thus become the first who are involved in business and public life for innovations creation and its capitalization becoming the leaders of tomorrow. Finally, we propose the ways for increasing the state policy efficiency through the formation of the state personnel reserve and increasing the capacity to hold talents. 1
Russian media attitude towards projects enhancing Lithuanian Energy security.
No full textMaster thesis topic of Public security and defence is examining Russian Mass media attitude towards Klaipėda Liquid Gas Terminal and Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant projects. The first part describes the Lithuanian strategic energy objectives, the main measures, also describes framing theory as a tool for examination of articles in the mass media. The empirical part of the study analyses Russian mass media articles about Klaipėda Liquid Gas Terminal and Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant projects