Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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663 research outputs found
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The impact of the Changes in the Transatlantic Security System on the Defense Planning of the Baltic States.
No full textThreat perceptions and threat prioritization between NATO allies forces organization to find new solutions, develop new initiatives and forms of defense cooperation. These processes can be identified as part of the change in transatlantic security system. There exist scientific explanations, which associates these changes with the impact of the U.S. role in structural change. One of these scientific explanations is Nodal defense. Ongoing NATO dynamics indicates that relationship between big allies at this moment represents tension and uncertainty. On the one hand, we can see that NATO is getting ineffective and defense cooperation is getting problematic because of state of relationship between allies and whole spectrum of different threats which require different solutions. On the other hand, if transatlantic security system evolves into what can be so called ad hoc coalitions structure when ongoing inefficiency and problems can be surpassed. However, it is not clear if U. S. aspires these types of changes or that Donald Trump and his stance do represent the general American strategic thought tendencies which can be harmful for overall ability to defend the Baltics
The Significance of the Arctic in Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic Conceptions of Security.
No full textThe master‘s thesis analysis the significance of the Artic in Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic conceptions of security. The importance of the Arctic region thematic became relevant in the early XXI century, when the region because of the climate changes impact became part of the international relations in global level. Such changes determined activity of the literal Arctic states, which is based on the states willing to increase the power in the region and extract potential energy resources. In such circumstances, Denmark, Norway and Iceland is perceived as small literal states of the Artic. Moreover, the politicians of those countries publicly emphasised that Arctic region is the major priority for their foreign policy. Such position allows to assert that the conception of the national security simultaneously gravitates to Arctic region as well. The aim of this paper is to research how Arctic transforms Danish, Norwegian and Iceland perceptions of the security applying the international relations Copenhagen School
Cyber defence capabilities of Lithuanian Armed Forces and their development.
No full textUkraine-Russia war has shown that cyber operations have become an effective tool of modern warfare. After NATO officially recognized cyberspace as fifth operational domain of warfare armed forces became the main party responsible for national cyberspace security. In this research the capabilities of Lithuanian armed forces in cyber defence are analyzed to identify the reasons for lack of qualified personnel. For this research Lithuanian military Units of network management and cyber defence were evaluated, three interviews with military cyber security experts, and a survey of all active reserve personnel were conducted. Research concludes that attracting qualified experts from private sector is the main direction of developing military cyber defence capabilities in Lithuania. Also absence of active reserve personnel training program and other problems were identified
How Can New Cooperation Formats Complement NATO in the Provision of Security in the Baltic Sea Region? /
No full textThe security situation in the Baltic Sea region drew the world's attention in the aftermath of the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2014. The danger stems from unpredictable and potentially aggressive behavior of Moscow, as evidenced by concrete actions
Ką naujo ir kaip apie Lietuvos demokratinės politikos „elementus“ rašo istorikai-politologai ir komunikacijos specialistai. Įžanga /
No full textElliptical road junctions and their applications /
No full textRoad traffic congestion is a major problem in many cities. Urban population is growing and cities continue on expanding thus further increasing travel distances. Mitigation of the problem may involve many tools usually addressing one of the two causes: either they try to decrease the number of vehicles on roads or they try to improve the road infrastructure and the way it is used. This article presents an improved design to a recently invented Pinavia road junction. The original four-way Pinavia is a two-level circular junction similar to a roundabout. It may be used both as a Park and Ride facility to lower the number of vehicles going towards the city center and as a junction of high capacity of uninterrupted traffic. Its application is however limited due to its excessive size on high-speed roads. By elongating the symmetrical Pinavia interchange along the direction of a major road it is possible to save its occupied space considerably. This elliptical Pinavia junction may compete in all its parameters with the less safe Cloverleaf junctions and serve as one more effective tool in city planner's collection against the traffic congestion
Vaizdinių priemonių, kaip antrosios kalbos mokymi(si) strategijų, dalis.
No full textThe article analyses the notion of implementation of visual aids as a part of second language learning strategies (SLLS). Moreover, the article highlights the implementation of visual aids via multimedia in teaching the second language at the Military Academy of Lithuania (MAL) by applying the questionnaire for English language teachers and learners involved in English language learning and acquisition at the MAL. For this purpose of the research, the diagnostic questions were developed by using validated and reliable questionnaires such as the Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and the Learner-Teacher Motivation (STM) questionnaire in terms of the implementation of visual aids in the SL learning and acquisition curriculum process. The analysis of the advantages of this method implementation into learning process is presented in the article, as well as the requirements and recommendations for authentic audio-visual materials on the basis of multimedia applied for the realization of pedagogical case study in a regular academic curriculum content and the technology of methodological development of authentic video or audio material for the achievement tests. The objective of the research is presented and described on the basis of the research. The research showed the significance of effectiveness of implementation of visual aids methods into the second language learning for they economize teaching, learning and acquisition time and increase motivation of both teachers and learners necessary to stimulate and boost psychological traits of a learner, such as verbal memory, behavior, positive emotions and others indispensable for participating in the language learning process and acquisition. Thus, the object of the research is based on visual aids as a part of SLLS alleviating and facilitating SL learning and acquisition by implementing visual aids as a part of SL learning strategies. The aim of the research is to apply visual aids as direct strategy in the language learning process as a part of SLLS used in the acquisition of a SL. Based on the theoretical and methodological SL learning approach of direct and indirect learning strategies, the methods of visual aids were chosen as the best means to accomplish the aim: to achieve the best effect of the SL learning and acquisition via implementing visual aids as a part of the SL learning strategies. In order to conduct the already set objectives of the research and to test the hypotheses of the research, the questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Moreover, besides the questionnaire data, the data of log observation sheets, pull-out focus groups, checklists, achievement tests and surveys of learners were analyzed too
An expanded conceptualization of “smart” cities: adding value with fuzzy cognitive maps /
No full textThe world’s rapidly growing population is an issue to be taken seriously. Its consequences could be dramatic if the required steps are not taken. Concerns about this problem have led to the creation of “smart” cities, which promote improvements in citizens’ quality of life through a combination of new technologies and environmentally sustainable practices. For these cities to be truly “smart”, they need to be evaluated in order to understand the areas in which interventions are necessary to make these cities economically stable and environmentally sustainable. In this regard, various studies have sought to understand which indicators should be considered in assessments of smart cities and how this process should be conducted. Thus far, however, researchers have found that using “loose” indicators, which measure only some areas of these cities, is insuffi cient. That said, this study proposes the use of fuzzy cognitive maps to analyze the dynamics behind smart cities’ components. Grounded in intensive group meetings with a panel of experts in different dimensions of these cities, the method applied produced a well-informed, process-oriented framework that contains the characteristics and components that should be assessed in this type of city. Specifi cally, after a fuzzy cognitive map was constructed based on the direct involvement of the expert participants, six main clusters were extracted as key components in the development of smart cities. These clusters were: people; planning and environments; technology; infrastructure and materials; services; and transportation and mobility. The results also facilitate an improved understanding of smart cities’ cause-and-effect relationships and better strategic planning by urban planners and city administrators. The implications, advantages, and limitations of the proposed framework are also presented