Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Towards Sustainable Human Resources: How Generational Differences Impact Subjective Wellbeing in the Military? /
No full textThe article analyzes the generational (age cohorts) effect on subjective wellbeing at work. The main aim is to reveal generational differences that lead to subjective wellbeing at work and possible discrepancies between the generations. The article contributes to the literature by creating and testing a theoretical model of subjective wellbeing at work as a composition of several dimensions that vary among generations, including physical experience, cognitive job performance, and appraisal, as well as social relationships and socio-emotional enablement at work. Using the military as an organization where daily routine creates similar conditions for different generations, we surveyed 890 army professionals representing three different generations: Gen Y, Gen X, and Gen Z. A structural equation modelling (SEM) technique is used to test the research model. The results support the hypothesis that generation has a strong moderating impact on the components of subjective wellbeing at work. Social relationship, as a socio-emotional experience, is the most important component of wellbeing at work for Gen Z, while socio-emotional enablement plays a central role in subjective wellbeing at work for Gen X and Gen Y
The Competition in the Arctic Region. The U.S. Arctic Policy Scenarios.
No full textThe Arctic region becomes more and more strategically important due to natural resources and sea routes. Russia has been investing in the Arctic infrastructure, its militarization and exploration of the natural resources for more than a decade. China actively invests in Russian Arctic zone and other Arctic states. In 2018, China released its white paper on Arctic policy. In response to the Arctic policies persuaded by Russia and China, in 2019 U.S. Department of State released a new Arctic Strategy that identifies growing competition in the Arctic region as a threat to U.S. national security. Consequently, it is relevant to anticipate what are the alternatives of U.S. Arctic policy and how different factors may influence policy-making. The aim of the study – to build US Arctic policy scenarios taking into account the era of strategic competition in the Arctic region. The following tasks are designed to achieve this goal: to describe the scientific process of scenario development in the context of future studies; to define the strategic importance of the Arctic region; to analyze the policies of Russia, China and U.S. in the Arctic; and to construct possible scenarios for U.S. Arctic policy. The final bachelor’s thesis is a study of future perspective using scenario building method. Analysis of scientific literature is used: to describe specifics of future studies and scenario building method; to define the strategic importance of Arctic region and reasons for interest of the interested the states involved in the Arctic policy; to identify empowering and restrictive factors of Russia’s China’s and US Arctic policy. Qualitative content and document content analysis are used to define Russia’s, China’s and U.S. Arctic policies. The results of the final thesis are four U.S. Arctic policy scenarios
The EU Military Training Mission in Sub-Sacharan Africa: A Case of Mali.
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze European Union foreign policy approach to Military Training missions in Sahel region as proxy warfare. In addition, disclose EU member states actions towards their goals and interests in Sahel region using EU as a platform that strengthens their power and conceals their direct intentions, using theoretical principal-agent model. The study case has been chosen Mali, where EU has it’s training mission. The final master’s research paper has the following tasks: to analyze the theoretical concept proxy warfare. To analyze and interpret dynamics of relations among actors by using principal-agent model. To examine the European Union's security and defense policy in the European neighborhood, the role of the Union as principal (for the Government of Mali and the military) and subordinate (the influence of the Member States in the International Organization). To identify and critically analyze the interests of EU member states in Mali and the operating models projected through International organizations in the Sub-Saharan African region. Assess whether they meet the theoretically defined criteria of the proxy war and the principal-agent" model. The first part of the discussion introduces the concept of proxy warfare, defines proxy environment, and key players. For explanation of relations between those actors theoretical model of principal-agent is invoked and examined. Studies that analyze this model where the corner stone of this part of thesis. The model was examined as in organizational environment, as in international relations. The second part examines EU involvement in Mali conflict through in theory part selected criteria: common goals, initiative, legitimacy, measures of influence and accountability. The aim is to find proof why ES have chosen EUTM as form of conflict solving. And can it be called proxy warfare, that matches principal-agent model criteria. Third part researches how France is exploiting ES through principal agent-model, to achieve its own interest is Africa. The findings suggest that France enhances it’s influence through the Union and mitigates the risk, that comes with military actions. But due to slow process and unwillingness of some member states, direct involvement of France in unavoidable, in order to secure it’s interests. 7 The paper concludes that the form of EUTM Mali and the relations in general falls under the abbreviation of proxy warfare. ES have chosen EUTM Mali as a form of proxy warfare out of necessity, due to lack of political will, and incapability to respond in unity. France on the other hand is a principal to EU in foreign policy towards Sahel, and uses Union’s recourses to compete with other foreign powers in the region
Issues of public security: legal consequences of determining unforeseeable extraordinary events /
No full textThe basis of every state is in its democratic system and ability to defend it. Therefore, a government has legal rights to immediately declare emergency situation, responding to crisis, catastrophes or unforeseen extraordinary events. The topicality of the research is determined by the emergency situation declared by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2019 in the administrative territory of Riga City in regard to waste management, in order to provide the Riga municipality with an opportunity to conclude negotiated procedure without prior publication. Even though state’s democratic system demands to act immediately in any case of such action, it must be legal since the public, whose life, health and property might be endangered, relies on it, as well as budget is spent on it. However, the mutual application of regulatory enactments in practise cause issues because it is not always clear how to identify and separate such situations and which regulatory enactment is applicable in each specific case. The aim of the research is to determine what is included in the definition of unforeseeable extraordinary events in the context of public procurement, when the government has rights to declare an emergency situation, what are the legal consequences of declaring emergency situation and provide suggestions for dealing with the issue highlighted by the research. In order to reach the set goal, the following tasks were defined: carry-out analysis of regulatory enactments, research the judicature of the European Union and Latvia, conclusions of legal scholars and evaluate the practice of legal act application. The research utilizes descriptive, comparative, dogmatic, historical, systemic, teleological method and analytical interpretation of regulatory enactments
Passive detection and imaging of human body radiation using an uncooled field-effect transistor-based THz detector /
No full textThis work presents, to our knowledge, the first completely passive imaging with human-body-emitted radiation in the lower THz frequency range using a broadband uncooled detector. The sensor consists of a Si CMOS field-effect transistor with an integrated log-spiral THz antenna. This THz sensor was measured to exhibit a rather flat responsivity over the 0.1–1.5-THz frequency range, with values of the optical responsivity and noise-equivalent power of around 40 mA/W and 42 pW/√ Hz, respectively. These values are in good agreement with simulations which suggest an even broader flat responsivity range exceeding 2.0 THz. The successful imaging demonstrates the impressive thermal sensitivity which can be achieved with such a sensor. Recording of a 2.3 × 7.5-cm2-sized image of the fingers of a hand with a pixel size of 1 mm2 at a scanning speed of 1 mm/s leads to a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 and a noise-equivalent temperature difference of 4.4 K. This approach shows a new sensing approach with field-effect transistors as THz detectors which are usually used for active THz detection
