Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Expression of transformational and transactional leadership in a military organization.
No full textThe concept of leadership is examined in the bachelor's thesis, the essence of transformational and transactional leadership is revealed, the expression of the leader's behavior and its importance for the application of leadership theory in organizations is analyzed. The aim of this work was to investigate the importance of applying theories of transformational and transactional leadership in a military unit. The doctrine of leadership of the Lithuanian Armed Forces regulates the application of transformational and transactional leadership theories together, therefore in this work it is these leadership theories that were singled out. In order to find out what signs of transformational and transactional leadership prevail in Grand Duchess Birutė's Ulona Battalion, a study was conducted to examine what leadership theory prevails in Grand Duchess Birutė's Ulona Battalion based on the peculiarities of the commander's leadership. The study revealed that in a battalion, transformational leadership predominates slightly more than transactional leadership. According to the respondents, the behavioral characteristics of commanders' leaders were best assessed: showing confidence and a sense of strength, helping subordinates to develop their abilities, as well as the perception that everyone's needs and abilities are different and most importantly that the leader is looking for different solutions. The main problematic behavior features of commanders' leaders have been identified, which require further analysis: the commander - leader devotes too little time to training and education, does not intellectually stimulate the group members, subordinates do not listen to the opinion, leadership in response to exceptions: .if a subordinate makes a mistake, his work and waiting for a solution to the problem is underestimated, only then take action
Accurate Prediction of Concentration Changes in Ozone as an Air Pollutant by Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks /
No full textThis study considers the usage of multilinear regression and artificial neural network modelling to forecast ozone concentrations with regard to weather-related indicators (wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature). Initial data were obtained by measuring the meteorological parameters using the PC Radio Weather Station. Ozone concentrations near highvoltage lines were measured using RS1003 and at a 220 m distance using ML9811. Neural network models such as the multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural networks were constructed. The prognostic capacities of the designed models were assessed by comparing the result data by way of the square of the coefficient of multiple correlations (R2) and mean square error (MSE) values. The number of hidden neurons was optimised by decreasing an error function that recorded the number of units in the hidden layers to the precision of the expanded networks. The neural software IBM SPSS 26v was used for artificial neural network (ANN) modelling. The study demonstrated that the linear regression modelling approach was lacking in its capacity to predict the investigated ozone concentrations by used parameters, whereas the use of an ANN offered more precise outcomes. The conducted tests’ results established the strength of the designed artificial neural network models with irrelevant differences between detected and forecasted data
Mobingo raiška viešajame sektoriuje: Lietuvos respublikos krašto apsaugos ministerijos ir jai priklausančių institucijų atvejis.
No full textOne element of any organization’s success is its organizational culture that manifests itself through the creation of a value system and emphasis on the well-being of employees. In this context, mobbing is a phenomenon understood as psychological stress experienced by individuals at work as a result of certain actions by another person leading to negative consequences for the individual, the organization and society. Given the fact that mobbing in statutory organizations or in organisations involved in their activities has hardly been studied, this article aims to reveal the peculiarities of mobbing in the Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania and its institutions through the organizational environment and employees’ relationships. Two hundred and one participants responded to the questionnaire. It was found that mobbing exists in the Ministry of National Defence and its institutions, but the number of employees experiencing workplace bullying corresponds to the general trend established by scientific research. The results also revealed that mobbing does not depend on the employee’s length of service, it is most commonly expressed through verbal communication and women experience it more often than men. It can be stated that the prevention of mobbing in the institutions under analysis is very weak and conflicts are solved in a time-consuming manner, concentrating only on local measures
Sensitivity of Field-Effect Transistor-Based Terahertz Detectors /
No full textThis paper presents an overview of the different methods used for sensitivity (i.e., responsivity and noise equivalent power) determination of state-of-the-art field-effect transistor-based THz detectors/sensors. We point out that the reported result may depend very much on the method used to determine the effective area of the sensor, often leading to discrepancies of up to orders of magnitude. The challenges that arise when selecting a proper method for characterisation are demonstrated using the example of a 2×7 detector array. This array utilises field-effect transistors and monolithically integrated patch antennas at 620 GHz. The directivities of the individual antennas were simulated and determined from the measured angle dependence of the rectified voltage, as a function of tilting in the E- and H-planes. Furthermore, this study shows that the experimentally determined directivity and simulations imply that the part of radiation might still propagate in the substrate, resulting in modification of the sensor effective area. Our work summarises the methods for determining sensitivity which are paving the way towards the unified scientific metrology of FET-based THz sensors, which is important for both researchers competing for records, potential users, and system designers
Do people prefer cars that people don't drive? A survey study on autonomous vehicles /
No full textOnly recently, smart cities are taking shape, thanks to the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and other similar ones. Given the high demands placed on advanced technologies such as autonomous driving, cloud data services, and high-precision sensors, smart cities are creating an intelligent transportation environment conducive to the introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this context, the use of AVs in transportation is also considered a form of transportation innovation. As a result, AVs are considered more favorable to people interested in new technologies because they appear to be technologically superior. Their association with the most up-to-date technology can serve as a symbol for those who wish to demonstrate their interest in new technologies through their appearance. The positive image of technological innovation projected by AVs may influence their acceptance among technology enthusiasts to a significant degree. In this context, this study investigates the effects of perceived advantage, perceived risk, and perceived safety on the intention to use autonomous vehicles. For this purpose, data were collected from vehicle users living in Turkey by survey method. Secondly, factor analyzes and regression analyzes were performed with the data set obtained from 611 participants. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the perceived advantage and perceived security increase the intention to use autonomous vehicles. In contrast, the perceived risk reduces this intention to use. According to these results, recommendations were made to the companies about the level of acceptance of this technology by the users to assess their investments in autonomous vehicles better
Assessment of social environment competitiveness in terms of security in the Baltic capitals /
No full textConditions influencing the change of defense budgets - the case of Lithuania /
No full textDuring the so-called Cold War the financing of the defense budget was widely discussed. The issue of financing the defense budget was widely discussed during the arms race. Since the end of the Cold War, armed conflicts have become more complex, and their causes are even more diverse than during the Cold War. They were caused by the deterioration of inter-ethnic divisions, hybrid and cyber wars over energy resources and the activities of terrorist groups. Due to the changing security dimension, a new study was conducted examining the determinants of defense spending in a changing security environment: the creation of new islands in the South China Sea to expand China’s military-political power in the region; the possibility of using North Korea's nuclear energy. weapons, Russia’s military maneuver in the conflict in Ukraine, its naval operation in the Black Sea, the occupation of Crimea, military operations in Syria, a change in U.S. military doctrine. The state that has spent the most military spending is returning to the creation of large military units, and to do so, the country needs to increase defense spending. Looking at how these world events work, we see one component that connects them. Strong force, expressed in military action, is used to achieve their political goals. Military power is gaining more and more influence in the formation of foreign policy, therefore the defense budget, as an instrument of foreign policy expressed in military power, is becoming an increasingly relevant object of research. Lithuania's defense budget is not as important to world politics as the United States, China or other major countries in the world, but it is relevant and significant in its region. Expenditures on the Lithuanian military budget began to increase significantly by two thousand and fourteen. It can be argued that the factor that has now influenced cost growth is Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine. Nevertheless, in 2008 Russia's aggression in Georgia did not affect the growth of Lithuania's defense budget. 2008 The economic crisis may have influenced Lithuania's decision not to increase military spending. Some pressure on the country's defense budget is also related to the 2020 Pandemic crisis. The question arises as to why seemingly similar conflicts affect Lithuanian political decisions differently
An Integrated Competitiveness Assessment of the Baltic Capitals Based on the Principles of Sustainable Development /
No full textThe competition between cities involves the search for different ways and means to create, attract, sustain, and use diverse resources, knowledge, ideas, and innovations to support the economic growth of each individual city and, as a result, to strengthen the city’s position in the urban hierarchy both short-term and long-term. However, for each city, urbanisation does not only mean an increase in competitive economic power but also a number of problems such as pollution, poverty, crime and unemployment. In order to address the challenges posed by the urbanisation processes, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) issued the 1987 Report that emphasised the need for sustainable socio-economic development that would also consider ecological factors. Given this, the article examines the issue of urban competitiveness on the basis of sustainable development principles. After a systematic and comparative analysis of the concepts published in the scientific literature, this article accomplishes the following: It defines the concept of competitiveness in urban areas; it identifies the inclusion aspects of the sustainable development principles into the assessment of urban competitiveness; it presents the research into urban competitiveness assessment models; and it carries out an integrated competitiveness assessment of the Baltic capitals in the period of 2014–2019 based on the principles of sustainable development by applying the integrated competitiveness assessment model that is based on the principles of sustainable development (MDK)