Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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The role of communication in the decision making process.
No full textDecision making in a military organization is influenced by various aspects of communication, the knowledge of which allows to streamline the management process and thus increase the efficiency of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The question is: what is the role of communication in the decision making process in a military organization? The object of the work is the role of communication in the decision making process in a military organization. The aim of the work is to determine the role of communication in the decision making process in a military organization. Tasks: 1. To examine the peculiarities of the decision making process. 2. To identify communication factors that influence the decision making process. 3. To investigate how officers and non-commissioned officers evaluate the decision-making process in the National Defence Volunteer Forces (NDVF) of Lithuanian Armed Forces. 4. To investigate how officers and non-commissioned officers evaluate the role of communication in the decision-making process in the National Defence Volunteer Forces (NDVF) of Lithuanian Armed Forces. Research methodology: systematization and generalization of scientific literature sources, comparative analysis, questionnaire survey, descriptive statistics. Work results and interpretations: in the opinion of many officers and non-commissioned officers, the decisions they make have positive consequences, contribute to the goals of the military organization, and the best alternative is chosen in the adoption process. According to many commanding soldiers (especially non-commissioned officers), their decisions do not sufficiently help to prepare the strategy of the military organization, lack of efforts to plan and integrate the activities of command, personnel, subordinate headquarters and other partners. According to many officers and non-commissioned officers, the most common reasons for making wrong decisions are: lack of information, poor communication, lack of time, unclear problem, wrong method of decision making. Conclusions: communication channels such as written communication (eg orders), verbal face-to-face communication, verbal communication by telephone, as well as the coordination of different channels during different communication processes have the greatest influence on the decision making process of managers (especially officers). According to many officers and non-commissioned officers, the emotional / psychological environment and the electronic environment in a military unit have the greatest influence on the decision making process. According to many officers and non-commissioned officers, the following psychological / personal disturbances have the greatest negative impact on decision making: different communication skills, conflicts, negative emotions, mistrust. According to many officers and non-commissioned officers, the following physical / environmental disturbances have the greatest negative impact on decision making: lack of time and excessive flow of information (for non-commissioned officers). The study shows that the flow of information to NDVF is unbalanced
Issues of state and national security: Religiously inspired terrorism in the Baltic States: internal and external factors /
No full textGlobal terrorism has become one of the most serious threats to the security in the world today. The number of suspects arrested for religiously inspired terrorism in the EU Member States increased approximately five-fold between 2009 and 2018. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the threats of Religiously inspired terrorism in the three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The study was conducted using the methods of academic literature, statistical data analysis and qualitative content analysis. This study has applied quantitative technique and qualitative technique to explore the relationship between religiously inspired terrorism and relevant factors - Internal factors, Legal migration, Illegal migration, Participation in international missions and operations, Traveling to regions where terrorist groups have a stronger presence, Student exchange programs and foreign students, Employees from other countries e.c. The study has determined that the level of terrorist threats in the Baltics has not changed in recent years and remains relatively low. The Baltic States today is not a target for religiously inspired terrorism. The level of internal threat from existing religious communities has been low and remains low. No significant terrorism-related incidents have occurred in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in previous years. There is no reason to believe that these internal risks will increase in the near future. In turn, there are significant long-term risks associated with external threats. A balanced and neutral policy towards all religious denominations should continue in all Baltic countries. As a primary task, the authors conducted an analysis of a number of theoretical and practical tax incentives assessment models
Antenna-coupled field-effect transistors as detectors for terahertz near-field microscopy /
No full textWe report the successful implementation of antenna-coupled terahertz field-effect transistors (TeraFETs) as homodyne detectors in a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) operating with radiation at 246.5 GHz. The devices were fabricated in Si CMOS foundry technology with two different technologies, a 90 nm process, which provides a better device performance, and a less expensive 180 nm one. The high sensitivity enables s-SNOM demodulation at up to the 10th harmonic of the cantilever's oscillation frequency. While we demonstrate application of TeraFETs at a fixed radiation frequency, this type of detector device is able to cover the entire THz frequency range
The Synchronization of the Baltic States’: Geopolitical Implications on the Baltic Sea Region and Beyond /
No full textThis paper studies geopolitical implications on the Baltic States’ synchronization with CEN with a specific emphasis given on the Russian and Belarusian behaviour. First, the study exposes the interconnection between tectonic geopolitical shifts and the establishment, development and disintegration of synchronous interstate power networks. Second, it introduces Russian response to the synchronization of the Baltic States, its current objectives and means to achieve them. Third, it discusses Belarusian prospects in gaining access to the Baltic electricity market. The paper concludes that the Baltic States should strive to move quickly not only in proceeding with the synchronization but also in increasing their readiness to operate in an isolated mode and to establish an emergency synchronous interconnection with Poland if needed. With researchers and policymakers mostly focusing on the classical themes of Russian energy geopolitics, i.e. natural gas and oil, the paper hopes to shed more light on another important object of study – the geopolitics of synchronous interconnections
Selection of a transport investment project based on sustainability index, return on investment and risk /
No full textNowadays sustainability, sustainable development and clean environment became important and relevant topic across the world. Sustainability issues have gained particular attention in a transport sector.This sector creates a significant impact on environment, social relationships and economic development. Thus, the sustainability integration in investment projects of a transport sector is inevitable in order to make a positive environmental impact.This paper presents the development of sustainability index for a transport investment project and selection of a transport investment project taking return on investment, risk and sustainability into considerations.Therefore, the novelty of this work lies in constructing a transport sustainability index (TSI) relying on an additional sustainability aspect, i.e., technological dimension. The technological inclusion is particularly important today as it allows for developing new technologies, which, in turn, are able to reduce the impact on climate change, replace natural gas by renewable energy sources, enhancing resource efficiency, bringing a competitive advantage in the market and improving living standards. The index was compiled and the selection of a project was done by applying multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM), such as an expert survey, assessment of the compatibility and reliability of group opinions, subjective weighting, the reference value method, simple additive weighting (SAW) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results of this study revealed that 14 sustainability criteria (5 environmental, 3 economic, 3 social and 3 technological) weighted by experts formed the basis of a transport project sustainability index. The developed sustainability index could be useful in assessing and comparing projects of a transport sector. Moreover, a transport sustainability index may be useful in making decisions regarding project selection. When addressing the issue of a project selection, the decision-maker could take into account not only the project’s return and risk, but also its sustainability.In addition, this research revealed that there is a statistically significant, strong linear correlation between sustainability and project return
The Role of Military Leadership in Shaping Innovative Personnel Behaviour: The Case of the Lithuanian Armed Forces /
No full textInnovation is important for the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including those related to peace and justice, as well as strengthening defence and security institutions. In view of innovation and the creation of an innovative environment, the influence of leaders not only on the innovativeness of employees, but also of the organization as a whole, is considered one of the most prospective areas of future research. This article explores the influence of leadership behaviour (support for innovation, delegating, intellectual stimulation, and rewards) of top (sample size N = 275) and middle (sample size N = 891) management on the innovative behaviour of military officers. The empirical validation of the selected four leadership behaviours is based on the methodology of quantitative sociological research—a questionnaire. Research results show that strong and statistically significant correlation relationships were established at the level of top managers (commanders) between such factors as Intellectual Stimulation and Delegating, Rewards and Delegating, Delegating and Support for Innovation, as well as Support for Innovation and Rewards. Meanwhile, for middle-level managers (military officers) two strong relationships were found between such factors as Rewards and Delegating, and Delegating and Support for Innovation. Analysis of the compatibility of opinions showed that although commanders and military officers both appreciate the leadership behaviours of the top and middle management of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, it was also found that commanders are more positive about the opportunity to offer new ideas at their military unit. Furthermore, they are more positive about the statement that leadership grants them the right to take decisions and implement them, and they are also more positive about taking the initiative, when they feel support for innovation. The identified difference in the leadership behaviours of top and middle management leads to the conclusion that, at different hierarchical levels of leadership, innovative behaviour of subordinates is influenced differently in the innovation promotion process in the Lithuanian Armed Forces
Interpretation of military power in the context of realism paradigm.
No full textThe article seeks to reveal the possibilities of a theoretical interpretation of power in the broad sense and military power in the narrow sense in the context of the realism paradigm, with a deep focus on including intangible resources in the interpretation of power. In the article, the interpretation of power is consciously grounded on the synthesis of power as resources and power as relation perspectives meanwhile applying this synthesis to the analysis of military power. Thus, military power is perceived as covering not only material but also non-material resources and as being contextual in nature. The article forms assumptions that the interpretation of military power depends on the security environment perception of the political and military elite: by changing warfare concepts and force employment methods they introduce military innovations, while military doctrines are an instrument of power conversion – through them the security environment perception is imparted and the structure of military power is changed. Such an interpretation of military power, combining different insights based on the paradigm of realism, allows the formation of an alternative approach to the interpretation of military power
Kariūnų užsienio kalbų kompetencijų ugdymo svarba.
No full textForeign language competences for the military personnel of Lithuania and NATO are essential in sustaining National Security of the alliance especially by effectively performing their military duties that include not only specific military art but also administrative and managemental. The Military Academy of Lithuania is a unique higher educational institution that prepares specialists in administration, management, and other fields. Therefore, being a cadet of the Academy, he/she acquires all the necessary competences to obtain proficiency in these fields. However, the cadets of the Academy considerably need foreign language competences so that they could actively, successfully, and professionally conduct their duties not only locally but also participating internationally in various military organizations and missions. Thus, in many cases military’s success in multinational operations very often depends on soldiers’ ability to communicate and express themselves in English or any other foreign language. In this “global village” it is practically inconceivable to make career without the knowledge of the English or any other foreign language. Thus, the aim of the research is to analyze the role of foreign language competencies acquired at the Lithuanian Military Academy where cadets obtain qualifications and foreign language competences needed for successful career making, National and International security. Therefore, the objective of the research is how theoretically and practically resolve the issue of developing new linguistic competences in foreign languages necessary for MAL cadets through analyses of the results of the questionnaire
