Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Influence of motivation on innovative solutions in the National Defense Volunteer Force of the Lithuanian Armed Forces (NDVF).
No full textMilitary innovation is becoming a key factor in the strategic superiority of military forces. In this work, it is relevant to study the influence of motivation on innovative decisions in the military, to determine how motivation affects innovative solutions in military organizations. Problem: what influence does motivation have on innovative solutions in the army? The object of the research is the influence of motivation on innovative decisions of the NDVF of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The aim of the research is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspect of the influence of motivation on innovative decisions of the NDVF of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Research tasks: 1. To reveal the specifics of innovative solutions in the military forces. 2. To determine the influence of motivation on innovative decisions in the military forces and to form a theoretical model. 3. To research the attitude of the members (soldiers) of the NDVF 2nd territorial unit Darius and Girėnas military district to innovative decisions in the army. 4. To determine the attitude of the members (soldiers) of the NDVF 2nd territorial unit Darius and Girėnas military district to the influence of their motivation on innovative decisions in the military forces. Data collection methods: analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire survey. Data processing methods: summary and comparative analysis, descriptive statistics. Work results and interpretations: many respondents indicated that their commanders are not afraid to take risks in making innovative decisions, the level of commanders' innovative capacity is high, soldiers do not resist changes related to innovative decisions, soldiers are satisfied with the level of innovative decisions. The application of innovative solutions is limited by the fact that many soldiers are not sufficiently motivated and command is encouraged to offer innovative solutions, command does not always know how to motivate soldiers to develop innovative solutions, soldiers are not sufficiently involved in innovative decision-making. Almost all groups of material monetary and non-monetary, psychological motivational measures were rated better by managers (officers and non-commissioned officers), compared to subordinates. The motivation of soldiers to offer innovative solutions in their military unit depends on their status. Managers have better opportunities and higher motivation to offer innovative solutions compared to subordinates. Conclusions: for soldiers, the most important means of material monetary motivation in terms of innovative solutions are bonuses and basic salaries. The payment of bonuses, saving financial resources, in the military units of the NDVF is suspended. Bonuses for proposing, making and / or implementing innovative solutions have never been paid to soldiers. For soldiers, the most important means of material non-monetary motivation in terms of innovative solutions are gifts and awards. Gifts to the NDVF are underused to encourage soldiers, especially in terms of innovative solutions. For soldiers, the most important means of psychological motivation in terms of innovative decisions are the involvement of staff in the process of innovative decisions, organizational (innovation) culture, the manager's treatment of subordinates, and the manager's praise and thanks. Among the psychological motivational measures, the NDVF makes sufficient use of the appropriate treatment of subordinates by the manager
Innovation management in Polish real estate developers in the renewable energy sources context /
No full textThis paper analyses innovative activities, including renewable energy sources (RES) in the housing market, the motivations for their introduction, effectiveness, benefits, limitations and management—which are open and current problems of Polish and international sustainable construction. This problem is part of a research gap concerning, among others, the role of developers and entities responsible for introducing energy innovations into housing construction. The aim of the paper is to analyse innovations, with particular emphasis on RES, introduced by residential developers in Poland in the context of global trends. The work is based on the results of surveys conducted among developers of the primary housing market. The research of 130 questionnaires received from entities such as multi-storey buildings and multi-family houses in Poland, was carried out on a nationwide sample using the CATI Computer Assisted Telephone Interview method. The results of the survey research were summarized by setting research hypotheses, which were verified using the significance test based on the Laplace normal distribution. The research conducted has shown that residential developers in Poland point at, among others, competitive pressures, concern about the quality of products and services offered, increasing market share or satisfaction and increasing customer requirements. This clearly shows that the implementation of innovation is perceived through the prism of increasing competitiveness. Furthermore, developers operating in the more competitive markets—nationwide and on the market of the five largest Polish cities, usually larger companies, showed a greater willingness and even the need to introduce innovation in their activities. In the study, developers as one of the barriers of introducing innovations, apart from the lack of adequate support, mainly from public entities in the field of, inter alia, appropriate law favouring the implementation of innovations and financial support, indicate difficulties of the client’s market manifested by the lack of knowledge and identification of needs in the field of innovation, and the lack of willingness to pay a higher price in regard to the product with higher innovation level. In the paper, the authors recommend developers, among others, to implement in the management process the identification of possible to implement innovations and the customers’ needs in innovations with education in the field of possible innovations and its benefits. The article indicates the need to intensify the implementation of innovations in housing projects in order to increase competitiveness and to meet the European Union’s requirement regarding the use of renewable energy sources
Teacher training and support during pandemic Covid -19: the case of General Jonas Žemaitis military academy of Lithuania /
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic, which challenged higher education institutions to organize the teaching process, makes one shift from face-to-face to distance learning, ensuring the highest level of education. The study aimed to determine the attitudes of teachers toward their readiness to teach students at a distance and the support of the institution during a pandemic. Teaching at a distance faced great challenges for teachers, who became responsible for keeping students motivated to learn. The pandemic forced teachers to adapt their lectures to distance learning in a short period by implementing distance learning technologies that were not relevant to many before the pandemic and to experience the positive and negative aspects of distance learning. Distance learning has become a much more demanding effort and emotional burden than classroom training. On the other hand, an educational establishment is challenged to meet the needs of teachers working remotely, to make their activities purposeful, to develop their potential, to promote cooperation at work, and not to lose the attitude of teachers’ organizational identity. Higher education institutions have a responsibility to promptly assist teachers in securing the acquisition of challenging new competencies and other necessary support to equip teachers with the knowledge and skills they need to perform their tasks effectively both in the audience and in society now and in the future
An Assessment of the Relationship between Defence Expenditure and Sustainable Development in the Baltic countries /
No full textAs geopolitical instability increases and new threats emerge, a number of countries are increasing their respective allocations for defence expenditure in order to take greater responsibility for their citizens in terms of defending and protecting their values and way of life. Small states such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia must evaluate certain economic, political, and strategic factors when increasing their respective defence expenditure. While they do tend to increase expenditure on national defence matters, budgetary constraints often force them to cut funding in some civilian domains or to increase their borrowing on international markets. Therefore, the security and defence of small states must be addressed in an integrated way, taking into account economic, social, and environmental factors. The aim of this article is to assess the relationships between defence expenditure and sustainable development indicators during the period between 2000 and 2018 in the Baltic states. The authors of this article aimed to determine which sustainable development indicators have a significant impact upon a country’s expenditure when it comes to defence matters. The study was conducted using econometric methods, including Spearman’s correlation analysis and Automatic Linear Modelling (ALM). The research results revealed some differences amongst the Baltic countries. In Lithuania, the employment rate and R&D personnel as a share of the active population demonstrated a significant impact upon defence expenditure. In Latvia, defence expenditure was found to be affected by disposable household income per capita and environmental taxes as a share of total tax revenue. In Estonia, defence expenditure was mainly influenced by disposable household income per capita and energy import dependency. The study’s findings may be used to ensure both the security of the country and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals
An integrated impact of Blockchain on Supply Chain Applications /
No full textMarket conditions became increasingly dynamic and demanding, resulting in a challenging competitive environment. To adapt to this dynamic environment, supply chains have become increasingly reliant on collaboration, integration, flexibility, and trust between stakeholders. Therefore, the importance of new technological applications in supply chains has grown even more. To improve supply chain flow control, modern specialized applications must be imple-mented. Blockchain technology has established itself as a necessary component of today's com-petitive environment. Companies should invest in blockchain technology to respond quickly to changing market conditions and demands in today's dynamic business environment. In this re-gard, this study investigates the effect of blockchain technology utilization on supply chain transparency, supply chain flexibility, and trust in suppliers. For this purpose, first, data were collected from the first 1000 exporting firms declared in 2019 by the Turkey Exporters Assembly using a survey method. Secondly, factor analyses and regression analyses were performed with the data set obtained from 84 companies. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that blockchain technology utilization increases transparency, flexibility, and trust in supply chains. According to these results, it was offered that companies should invest in blockchain technology to make their supply chain more transparent, flexible, and secure. Moreover, blockchain plays a crucial role in building mutual trust with supply chain stakeholders. Finally, the research in-cludes some considerations on the positive implications and potential of blockchain in collabo-ration and integration
Military Leader Behavior Formation for Sustainable Country Security /
No full textThe continuous improvement of military leadership identity to maintain excellent performance with respect to the promotion of mission success is a highly desired by the Lithuanian Armed Forces. This study seeks to identify the criteria for effective leadership behavior that is appreciated by Lithuanian servicemen. The validated Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ XII) was used to collect data representing followers’ preferences with respect to commander–leader behavior by assessing twelve leadership behavior criteria. Additionally, commander–leaders were chosen as experts to judge the importance of the criteria by pair-wise assessment. Consequently, the Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) with Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method based on the new concept of the relationship between the influenced and influencing criteria were employed to analyze the ranking using leadership behavior and to establish the causal relationships among the criteria when the collected data were expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. This study contributes to military leadership by using a novel approach for identifying and prioritizing the behavior criteria for leaders. The results indicate six “cause” constructs: ability to persuade, taking the lead, result orientation, accurate forecasting, building interpersonal relationships, and cooperation with managers. These findings could assist militaries in designing effective improvement strategies for continuous leadership training
Careers of Women Soldiers in the Lithuanian Army: The Opinion of Female Non-Commissioned Officers.
No full textThe aim of this research paper is to examine the career prospects of female soldiers in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The article tackles the concept of career and legal regulation of careers in the military. The empirical part of the paper is based on an original survey of female noncommissioned officers’ opinion, which was conducted at the end of 2019 at the command of the Mechanized Infantry Brigade "Iron Wolf". The opinion of female non-commissioned officers showed that the legal basis of career making for all soldiers in the Lithuanian Armed Forces is the same for both women and men, but some of the participants in the study pointed out that this is not sufficiently relevant to pregnant women and women on maternity leave, as, for example, women on maternity leave are often transferred to the personnel reserve, and their positions are filled by other soldiers, etc. The respondents’ opinion on women’s opportunities to pursue a career in the Lithuanian Armed Forces compared to men was divided, as some of the respondents believed that women and men have equal opportunities in all areas of their professional activities, while others stated that opportunities are equal only in administration, service and similar areas. It was found that some female NCOs find it difficult to pursue a vertical military career on equal terms with men, that few female soldiers are in senior positions in the army, in other words, women often face the phenomenon of the ‘glass ceiling’ when pursuing vertical careers. In contrast, there are better opportunities for women soldiers to pursue horizontal careers in the army. Factors that encourage women’s careers in the military include their personal motivation and financial, material and non-material incentives, while those that hinder them include the stereotypes that still exist in the military, the personalities of commanders, the exclusion of women from decision-making processes, etc
The Effect of Covid-19 on Airline Transportation Services: A Study on Service Robots Usage Intention /
No full textRobots have started to be used in the service sector as well as in the manufacturing industry. The use of service robots in airport services such as tourism and hospital services also brings many advantages. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, reducing physical contact and providing hygiene are essential benefits of service robots. For this purpose, the effect of Covid-19 fear on perceived trust in service robots and intention to use them at airports was investigated in this study. For analysis, data were collected from 730 participants from 64 different countries by questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS package programs. As a result of the structural equation model analysis determined that Covid-19 fear affects perceived trust in service robots and intention to use them positively, and perceived trust also affects intention to use service robots positively. In addition, as a result of the Process Macro analysis, it was found that perceived trust has a high mediating effect on the effect of Covid-19 fear on intention to use. Research results show that people's attitudes towards Covid-19 shape the perception of robot usage in air transport services
The Solutions for Reconciling Military Service and Family Responsibilities in the Lithuanian Air Force.
No full textReading and analyzing the scientific literature in Lithuania we find out that is not widely discussed of military families, little information is found about the soldier's family. Nothing, but in individual cases, certain events, and facts on the topic of family issues are analyzed. Still several challenges remain unexplored: what decisions on the reconciliation of military service and family responsibilities are made by the Lithuanian Armed Forces. How they affect the reconciliation, and what decisions are made by the soldier's family itself. The bachelor's final thesis analyzes the challenges and solutions of the coordination of military service and family responsibilities that are made in Lithuanian Air Force.The problem raised in this bachelor's final thesis is what are the challenges that faces Lithuanian Air Force soldiers combining military service with family responsibilities? What are the decisions to reconcile the duties and service of Lithuanian Armed Forces and the soldier’s family? Main object of this bachelor's final thesis is decisions on reconciling military service and family responsibilities. The goal of this bachelor's final thesis is to investigate the decisions on the coordination of the duties of the family responsibilities of the soldiers and the military service as well as the Lithuanian Air Force. To support the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to discuss the concept of the family; 2) to analyze the concepts of a soldier's family; 3) to analyze the decisions of the Lithuanian Armed Forces related to the coordination of the duties of the military service of the Lithuanian Air Force soldiers and the soldier's family; 4) to investigate the opinion of the Lithuanian Air Force soldiers on the decisions on the coordination of military service and family duties; 5) to submit proposals for the coordination of military service and family duties at the Lithuanian Air Force. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature; review of legal documents; interviews; content analysis. In the theoretical part of the bachelor's final thesis, the concepts of family and military family are reviewed, different military family models are analyzed, as well as valid legal decisions of Lithuanian Armed Forces and Lithuanian Air Force are emphasized, which could help to coordinate military service with Lithuanian Air Force and family duties. 4 After an empirical research revealed that the Lithuanian Armed Forces follow legal documents and develop orders as well as have made decisions aimed at improving the reconciliation of military and family responsibilities, but there is little information about it. The information about such documents is insufficient and they need to be improved. At the end of the work, proposals and possible solutions are made for reconciling military service and family responsibilities