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Recherche d'indicateurs biolοgiques d'effets liés aux activités professionnelles agricoles
No full textEpidemiological studies show a lower overall mortality rate in agricultural occupational populations compared tothe general population. This can be explained by their specific lifestyle characteristics: low tobacco consumptionand high physical activity, which reduce the risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, agriculture andoccupational exposure to pesticides have been consistently associated with the occurrence of cancers (prostate,lymphomas, leukemias) and neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. To explore these links, a molecularepidemiology approach has been implemented, identifying biomarkers to refine the understanding of the biologicaleffects of agricultural activities. Specifically, DNA adducts formed from eight aldehydes derived from lipidperoxidation and the levels of four epigenetic markers in total DNA from granulocytes are studied. These twofamilies of effect biomarkers correspond to possible mechanisms of action of agricultural activities through oxidativestress or epigenetic modifications. The analysis of these biomarkers was carried out on samples from anagricultural biobank established in Calvados, the EPIBIO97 biobank. After the development of methodological tools formeasuring the selected biomarkers, as well as the establishment of a metabolomic approach, the levels of theseeffect biomarkers were associated with the characteristics of the studied individuals. Univariate statistical analysesrevealed the influence of health determinants, self‐perceived health data, and agricultural occupational exposures.For each biomarker, multivariate analysis models were then developed. These new models highlighted the relevanceof granulocyte DNA, as well as the effect of certain exposures, particularly occupational agricultural exposures, onepigenetic modifications and the formation of exocyclic DNA adducts.Les études épidémiologiques montrent un taux de mortalité global inférieur dans les populations professionnellesagricoles comparé à la population générale. Ceci s’explique par les spécificités de leur mode de vie : faible tabagismeet activité physique élevée, réduisant les risques de cancers et de maladies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, l’agricultureet les expositions professionnelles aux pesticides ont été́ régulièrement associées à la survenue de cancers (prostate,lymphomes, leucémies) et maladies neurologiques comme la maladie de Parkinson. Pour explorer ces liens, uneapproche d’épidémiologie moléculaire a été mise en place, identifiant des biomarqueurs pour affiner la compréhension deseffets biologiques des activités agricoles. Ainsi, les adduits à l’ADN formés à partir de 8 aldéhydes issus de laperoxydation lipidique et les niveaux de 4 marqueurs épigénétiques d’ADN total de granulocytes sont étudiés. Ces deuxfamilles de biomarqueurs d’effets correspondent à des mécanismes d’action possibles des activités agricoles par stressoxydant ou modifications épigénétiques. L’analyse de ces biomarqueurs a été réalisée sur des échantillons d’une biothèqueagricole constituée dans le Calvados, la biothèque EPIBIO97. Après la mise au point des outils méthodologiques pour ledosage des biomarqueurs sélectionnés ainsi que le développement d’une approche métabolomique, les niveaux de cesbiomarqueurs d’effets ont été associés avec les caractéristiques des individus étudiés. Les analyses statistiques univariéesont montré l’influence de déterminants de santé, de données de perception de santé et d’expositions professionnellesagricoles. Pour chaque marqueur, des modèles d’analyse multivariées ont ensuite été construits. Ces nouveaux modèlesont permis de mettre en évidence l’intérêt de l’ADN des granulocytes ainsi que l’effet de certaines expositions, notammentd’expositions professionnelles agricoles sur les modifications épigénétiques et sur la formation d’adduitsexocycliques à l’ADN
Fate of an analogous molecule of hydroxypyridone alkaloids with potentially phytosanitary properties in the vadose zone of the Beauce aquifer (France)
No full textInternational audienceWith the aim of developing a new biodegradable pesticide, batch and transport experiments of a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone core molecule (4H2P), were carried out through agricultural soil and limestone columns. 4H2P cores are natural biodegradable compounds with diverse biological activities, including fungicidal and bactericidal properties. The results of the transport experiments indicated that the 4H2P molecule is adsorbed in agricultural soil (with a retention rate of 35 %), but not on limestone (with a zero-retention rate). Modeling of the transport data also revealed a higher retardation coefficient in soil (R = 6.04) than in limestone (R = 1.00). Isotherms experiments modeling revealed that the constants "n" of the Freundlich model are < 1 and the free adsorption energy parameters "E" of the Dubinin Radushkevich model are about 4 kJ.mol−1 < < 8 kJ.mol−1 which indicates that the adsorption of the 4H2P molecule by the solid phases (Calcite, kaolinite and montmorillonite) is of physisorption type with montmorillonite exhibiting significant adsorption capacity (with Qm = 12.10−3 mol.g−1). X-ray diffraction analysis of montmorillonite before and after adsorption showed that the molecule is inserted between the intermediate layers from a concentration of 0.5 gL−1, with a disorganization in the stacking of the layers involved from 1.5 g.L−1
Patrimoines littoraux dans l’ Anthropocène : communautés patrimoniales de perte et/ou de soutien au rewilding ?
No full textInternational audienc
Amenagement touristique à Saly et accès aux soins des populations européennes vieillissantes en migration au Sénégal
No full textSocial science studies on tourism often explore the impact of tourism development on local populations and new residents. Some of this research focuses on the specificities and challenges of living in a tourist area (Delaplace, Simon, 2017; Urbain, 2002; Duhamel, Knafou, Segui Llinas, 1998). However, few studies address the health of aging migrant populations in these contexts. This thesis examines the space experienced by elderly European residents in Saly, Senegal, a region marked by intense tourist development and increasing residentialization. The central question of this research is : How does the increase in the ageing European population in Saly impact the evolution of the supply of services, in particular care services? To answer this question, the study adopts a qualitative approach and draws on several research methods, including semi-structured interviews, nonparticipant direct observation and documentary analysis. Elements of an answer to this question are provided by several months of fieldwork in Saly, exploring the interactions between the characteristics of the local healthcare infrastructure and the specific needs and expectations of European senior residents. The study also analyzes the influence of residentialization and tourist development on the accessibility and quality of available healthcare services. This work takes place in a particular post-pandemic context, where the challenges linked to public health and access to care for aging migrant populations have become even more 16 acute. This context reveals the shortcomings and challenges faced by these populations, highlighting the need to adapt local policies and healthcare structures to better meet the needs of an aging clientele accustomed to quality care.Les études en sciences sociales sur le tourisme explorent souvent l'impact de l'aménagement touristique sur les populations locales et les nouveaux résidents. Une partie de ces recherches se concentre sur les spécificités et les défis de vivre dans un espace touristique (Delaplace, Simon, 2017 ; Urbain, 2002 ; Duhamel, Knafou, Segui, Linas, 1998). Cependant, peu d'études abordent la question de la santé des populations migrantes vieillissantes dans ces contextes. Cette thèse se propose d’examiner l’espace vécu par les résidents européens âgés à Saly, au Sénégal, une région marquée par un développement touristique intense et une résidentialisation croissante. La question centrale de cette recherche est la suivante : Comment l'augmentation de la population européenne vieillissante à Saly impacte-t-elle l'évolution de l'offre de services, en particulier les services de soins ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, l'étude adopte une approche qualitative et s'appuie sur plusieurs méthodes de recherche, y compris des entretiens semi-structurés, une observation directe non participante et une analyse documentaire. Des éléments de réponse à cette question sont apportés grâce à un travail de terrain de plusieurs mois à Saly, qui explore les interactions entre les caractéristiques des infrastructures de santé locales, les attentes et les besoins spécifiques des résidents seniors européens. L'étude analyse également l'influence de la résidentialisation et de l'aménagement touristique sur l'accessibilité et la qualité des services de santé disponibles. Ce travail se déroule dans un contexte post-pandémique particulier, où les défis liés à la santé publique et à l'accès aux soins pour les populations migrantes vieillissantes sont devenus encore plus prégnants. Ce contexte agit comme un révélateur des insuffisances et des défis auxquels ces populations sont confrontées, mettant en lumière la nécessité d’une adaptation des politiques locales et des structures de santé pour mieux répondre aux besoins d’une clientèle vieillissante habituée à une offre de soins de qualité
Prognostic Value of FDG PET Metabolic Parameters Before and After 42 Gy of Radiochemotherapy in Patients with Inoperable Stage III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET parameter variation between baseline and 42 Gy (PET2) of radiochemotherapy at 6 mo and 1 y of evaluation in patients with stage III inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer based on RECIST 1.1. Methods: In total, 158 patients in a prospective multicenter phase II/III study were analyzed. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: an experimental arm (group A) and a standard arm (group B). Patients from group A with residual metabolism on PET2 (group A+) at 42 Gy received a radiation boost (74 Gy). Patients without residual uptake on 18F-FDG PET at 42 Gy (group A-) and patients in group B received a standard radiotherapy dose (66 Gy). We compared group A with group B. The 18F-FDG PET parameters SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, peak SUV normalized on lean body mass, mean SUV normalized on lean body mass, total lesion glycolysis, total metabolic tumor volume (MTV) (tumor and nodes), and tumor MTV were measured. All patients were evaluated with RECIST 1.1 using CT at 6 mo and 1 y after radiochemotherapy. Progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Except for the radiotherapy dose (P < 0.001), patient demographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups (A vs. B). All 18F-FDG PET uptake and volume parameter measurements were correlated. Therefore, only the change in SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) and total MTV were selected for the analysis. There was no significant difference in any variable between the 2 groups. In the multivariate analysis, ΔSUVmax appeared to be the most important prognostic factor for overall survival, and SUVmax of PET2 appeared to be the most important prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET at 42 Gy can be used to identify good responders to radiochemotherapy in patients with inoperable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer. The SUVmax of PET2 and ΔSUVmax are independent prognostic factors
Articulação entre o CESPE e o projeto ICOOPEB
No full textInternational audienceLes populations rurales d’Amazonie connaissent de profondes modifications de leur environnement, et leurs modes de vie, leurs cultures et leurs savoirs sont menacés. L’organisation collective des producteurs, le maintien et le développement de systèmes de production basés sur l’utilisation durable des ressources naturelles sont essentiels pour l’avenir de ces populations et nécessitent de nouvelles approches pédagogiques qui combinent l’amélioration des connaissances empiriques et la maîtrise des nouvelles technologies. Le projet ICOOPEB - Innovations éducatives, sociales et technologiques pour le développement agricole durable et le coopérativisme dans les territoires ruraux d’Amazonie Equatorienne et Brésilienne - est financé par l'Union Européenne et rassemble 9 universités sud-américaines et européennes, il vise au développement et à l'appropriation de technologies numériques pour valoriser les connaissances des populations rurales amazoniennes. Le CESPE - Centro de Estudos sobre Sustentabilidade, Populações Tradicionais e Educação na Amazônia - vise à renforcer les communautés traditionnelles d'Amazonie, telles que les peuples amérindiens, les quilombolas ("marrons"), les peuples des fleuves et les agriculteurs familiaux, en valorisant leurs connaissances et leurs pratiques culturelles, en promouvant l'inclusion et la préservation des identités culturelles
Consensus on the Management of Anesthetic Agents During Digestive Motility Measurements and Proposal of a Standardized Protocol for Anesthesia (French Neuro Gastroenterology Group GFNG and Committee of Anesthetic French Experts)
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Introduction Techniques for measuring digestive motility are becoming increasingly precise and enable therapeutic interventions. However, while most of these interventions require general anesthesia, there is limited data on the impact of anesthetic agents on these measurements, and no standardized anesthesia protocol currently exists to guide such procedures. Our working group carried out two Delphi processes involving experts in neurogastroenterology and anesthesiology to reach a consensus on which drugs affect these measurements and to establish an anesthesia protocol. Method Two expert groups were formed, comprising 13 neurogastroenterology experts from the French Neuro‐Gastroenterology Group (GFNG) and 15 full‐ or associate professors in anesthesia and intensive care. The first Delphi process involved the neurogastroenterologists and aimed to identify which anesthetic drugs influenced digestive pressure measurements. The second Delphi process, involving anesthetists, sought to develop an anesthesia protocol. Each expert indicated their level of agreement with each statement using a 6‐point Likert scale. A statement was endorsed when at least 80% of experts agreed with it. The strength of evidence for each statement was evaluated using the GRADE system. Results The Delphi process with neurogastroenterologists was conducted over three rounds and ultimately resulted in 91 amendments. The second Delphi process with anesthetists took place over two rounds and included 28 amendments, leading to the development of an anesthesia protocol. Conclusion To our knowledge, this work is the first to establish an expert consensus on anesthetic agents that can affect digestive motility measurements and to propose an anesthesia protocol that accounts for the needs of neurogastroenterologists
Comment la poule est-elle devenue un animal à aimer ? L’ascension de l’animal dans la hiérarchie humanimale
No full textInternational audienc
Designing Two-Echelon Sustainable Urban Logistics Networks with Green Transport Modes
No full textInternational audienceUrban freight transport is a major contributor to carbon emissions, driving the need for more sustainable last-mile delivery solutions. While research has explored various operational and technological aspects of green logistics, limited attention has been given to the strategic design of urban logistics networks, particularly the selection and placement of micro hubs and the conditions that favor green transport modes over conventional vehicles. This study investigates a two-echelon urban logistics network integrating green modes—such as cargo bikes, electric vans, and delivery robots—alongside traditional vans to improve cost efficiency and reduce environmental impact, with a focus on identifying scenarios where green modes outperform conventional vehicles under existing and future regulations. A two-stage stochastic programming framework is developed to model demand uncertainty and evaluate the financial and environmental trade-offs of different network configurations. The first stage focuses on strategic decisions, such as micro hub deployment and vehicle allocation, while the second stage refines operational decisions across various scenarios. The objective is to maximize revenue minus operational costs while meeting service and regulatory constraints. The study evaluates different demand scenarios over a long period (e.g., until 2050) to analyze financial and environmental trade-offs. To address routing complexity in urban areas, an approximation method is employed to estimate vehicle routing costs, balancing computational efficiency and accuracy. The framework is validated through a case study using Paris data, incorporating urban constraints (e.g., zones restricting van usage while favoring bikes). Results demonstrate the benefits of a two-echelonstructure in reducing costs, improving service levels, and lowering emissions compared to relying solely on traditional vans, while also emphasizing the impact of strategic network design
