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The impact of green technological innovation and environmental policy on ecological sustainability: evidence from leading economies
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing ecological footprint of industrialized economies poses a significant threat to global sustainability. While green technological innovations and environmental policies are widely recognized as key strategies for mitigating environmental degradation, their effectiveness remains debated. This study examines the impact of green technological innovations and environmental policies on ecological sustainability in leading economies. Using annual data from 1994 to 2021 and the moment quantile regression model, the study incorporates control variables such as natural resource rent, renewable energy consumption, and gross domestic product. The findings reveal that green technological innovation and environmental policies consistently reduce the ecological footprint, with more potent effects at lower quantiles, suggesting that economies with better environmental practices benefit more from these interventions. Additionally, the study demonstrates that natural resource rent and gross domestic product positively contribute to ecological degradation, emphasizing the need for sustainable and controlled resource management. However, renewable energy is crucial in mitigating environmental harm across all quantiles. These insights highlight the necessity of strengthening environmental regulations and fostering green technological innovation to drive ecological sustainability in industrialized economies. This study provides a novel quantile-based perspective on sustainability strategies, offering valuable policy guidance for balancing economic growth with ecological responsibility
Escolha de caminhos diferenciados para um curso a distância flexível em contexto universitário
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents an asynchronous distance-learning university course in the didactics of French as a Foreign Language (FFL), which for two consecutive years offered students the possibility of choosing between three differentiated learning pathways. The characteristics of these three paths are described in terms of content, learning modes and assessment. The article proposes certain hypotheses concerning the flexibility of the course and the impact this openness may have on learning. It examines the ways in which students make use of the choices on offer, and the parameters that guide their choice of entry into a given learning pathway. It then attempts to draw up an assessment of these two years, based on anonymous end-of-semester questionnaires collected from students on this course.Este artículo presenta un curso universitario de didáctica del francés como lengua extranjera, impartido mediante enseñanza a distancia asíncrona, que ofrecía a los estudiantes la posibilidad de elegir entre tres itinerarios de aprendizaje diferenciados durante dos años consecutivos. Se describen las características de estos tres itinerarios en términos de contenidos, métodos de aprendizaje y evaluación. El artículo propone ciertas hipótesis relativas a la flexibilidad del curso y al impacto que esta apertura puede tener en el aprendizaje. Examina la manera en que los estudiantes hacen uso de las opciones que se les ofrecen y los parámetros que influyen en su elección de entrar en un itinerario determinado. A continuación, intenta hacer un balance de estos dos años, basándose en los cuestionarios anónimos de final de semestre recogidos entre los alumnos de este curso.Cet article présente un cours universitaire de didactique du Français Langue Etrangère (FLE), dispensé à distance asynchrone, qui a proposé pendant deux années consécutives la possibilité pour les étudiants de choisir entre trois parcours d’apprentissage différenciés. Les caractéristiques de ces trois parcours sont décrites en termes de contenus, de modes d’apprentissage et d’évaluation. L’article propose certaines hypothèses concernant la flexibilité du dispositif et l’impact que cette ouverture peut avoir sur l’apprentissage. Il interroge la façon dont les étudiants se saisissent des choix proposés, et les paramètres qui orientent leurs choix d’entrée dans un parcours donné. Il tente ensuite de faire un bilan de ces deux années, à partir des questionnaires anonymes de fin de semestre recueillis auprès des étudiants de ce cours.Este artigo apresenta um curso universitário de didática do francês como língua estrangeira, ministrado por meio de aprendizagem assíncrona a distância, que ofereceu aos alunos a possibilidade de escolher entre três caminhos de aprendizagem diferenciados durante dois anos consecutivos. As características desses três caminhos são descritas em termos de conteúdo, métodos de aprendizado e avaliação. O artigo propõe algumas hipóteses sobre a flexibilidade do curso e o impacto que essa abertura pode ter sobre o aprendizado. Ele examina a maneira pela qual os alunos fazem uso das opções oferecidas e os parâmetros que influenciam sua escolha de ingresso em um determinado caminho. Em seguida, tenta fazer uma avaliação desses dois anos, com base nos questionários anônimos de final de semestre coletados dos alunos desse curso
Compléments sur le monnayage de Jean II de Chalon, comte d’Auxerre (1304-1362)
No full textInternational audienceUntil recently, the coinage of Jean II de Chalon, Count of Auxerre (1304-1362) was known only from a very rare penny with a shield. Between 2018 and 2020, a key to reading the legends of "uncertain" coins was used to identify five previously unidentified species, strictly imitating French royal coins. The identification criteria highlighted in these articles made it possible to recover a large number of specimens of uncertain identification that were in public or private collections, sometimes illustrated in old publications. A total of seven new previously unidentified species or issues have been recognised, again imitating royal issues. All known and unpublished species are presented in this article. Finally, the monetary policy of John II of Chalon is examined in the light of these contributions.Le monnayage de Jean II de Chalon, comte d'Auxerre (1304-1362) était jusque récemment connu par un rarissime denier à l'écu. Entre 2018 et 2020, une clé de lecture des légendes de monnaies « incertaines » a permis d'identifier cinq espèces inédites, imitant strictement les frappes royales françaises. Les critères d'identification mis en évidence dans ces articles ont permis la reprise d'un grand nombre d'exemplaires d'identification incertaine qui se trouvaient dans des collections publiques ou privées, parfois illustrés dans des publications anciennes. Ce sont sept espèces ou émissions inédites supplémentaires qui ont été reconnues, imitant là encore les émissions royales. Toutes les espèces connues ou inédites sont présentées dans cet article. La politique monétaire de Jean II de Chalon est enfin examinée à la lumière de ces apports
Les sols aussi émettent des gaz à effet de serre, et les pratiques agricoles font la différence
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/les-sols-aussi-emettent-des-gaz-a-effet-de-serre-et-les-pratiques-agricoles-font-la-difference-241698Les sols agricoles ont un rôle climatique ambivalent : ils peuvent à la fois constituer des puits de carbone ou au contraire être une source de gaz à effet de serre. Pour comprendre à quelles conditions l’agriculture peut être l’alliée de la transition climatique, il faut s’intéresser à la structure du sol et notamment à la taille des agrégats qui le composent. Les pratiques agricoles, entre labours, semis direct ou couverture de légumineuses entre les cultures, ont leur importance
Près d’un tiers des champignons recensés sont menacés d’extinction
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/pres-dun-tiers-des-champignons-recenses-sont-menaces-dextinction-255128Combien de champignons sont menacés d’extinction ? Pour répondre à cette question il faut vite en poser plusieurs autres : combien y a-t-il d’espèces de champignons en tout ? Qu’est-ce qu’un champignon, au juste ?Et de découvrir, au passage, le monde aussi mystérieux que fascinant de ce règne ni végétal ni animal
Bayesian inference of neutron star crust properties using an ab initio-benchmarked meta-model
No full textInternational audienceAccurate modeling of the neutron star crust is essential for interpreting multimessenger observations and constraining the nuclear equation of state (EoS). However, standard phenomenological EoS models often rely on heuristic extrapolations in the low-density regime, which are inconsistent with microscopic predictions. In this work, we refine a unified meta-modeling framework for the EoS by incorporating low-density corrections based on energy density functionals constrained by ab initio neutron-matter calculations. Using Bayesian inference to combine information from astrophysical observations, nuclear theory, and experiments, we assess the impact of these corrections on key crustal properties, including the crust-core transition density and pressure, crustal composition, and moment of inertia. The improved model reduces uncertainties in the inner crust and emphasizes the importance of low-density physics in EoS modeling, highlighting the value of integrating both theoretical and observational constraints across densities to robustly describe the EoS. Moreover, the adopted approach can be readily applied to any existing EoS model to provide a solid framework for interpreting upcoming high-precision multimessenger data
The Taproot Acts as a Storage Organ During Rapeseed Vernalization
No full textInternational audienceIn winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.), vernalization, prolonged cold exposure, is essential for spring flowering. Although transcriptomic changes in leaves during vernalization are studied, the taproot, a key storage organ, remains unexplored. Recently, high nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) compound levels were observed in the taproot post‐vernalization, suggesting potential metabolic activities in this organ during this period. To decipher this, an integrative study combining morphological, ionomic, proteomic, and targeted biochemical analysis was conducted. This study revealed that the taproot is the only compartment that shows net gain in biomass during vernalization and confirmed its role in storing C and N reserves. A comparative proteomic analysis between the beginning and the end of the vernalization period showed that this storage is the result of a strong modulation of proteins involved in N and C metabolisms. Additionally, the up‐accumulation of proteins involved in the starch and amino acid metabolisms is consistent with the increase in the starch and amino acid amounts in the taproot during vernalization. Amino acids from the glutamine family are especially accumulated, with proline being the most over‐accumulated (127‐fold), highlighting the initiation of a protective metabolism in the taproot during the cold stress period related to vernalization. This study also reveals the storage of macro‐ and microelements, notably iron, copper, and zinc. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the development and maintenance of specific metabolic activities in the taproot of B . napus during vernalization, ensuring the accumulation of essential N and C reserves for subsequent growth and development
Resting-state functional connectivity and fast spindle temporal organization contribute to episodic memory consolidation in healthy aging
No full textInternational audienceEpisodic memory consolidation relies on the functional specialization of brain networks and sleep quality, both of which are affected by aging. Functional connectivity during wakefulness is crucial to support the integration of newly acquired information into memory networks. Additionally, the temporal dynamics of sleep spindles facilitate overnight memory consolidation by promoting hippocampal replay and integration of memories within neocortical structures. This study aimed at exploring how resting-state functional connectivity during wakefulness contributes to sleep-dependent memory consolidation in aging, and whether spindles clustered in trains modulate this relationship. Forty-two healthy older adults (68.82 ± 3.03 years), enrolled in the Age-Well clinical trial, were included. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation was assessed using a visuo-spatial memory task performed before and after a polysomnography night. Resting-state functional connectivity data were analyzed using graph theory applied to the whole brain, specific brain networks and the hippocampus. Lower limbic network integration and higher centrality of the anterior hippocampus were associated with better memory consolidation. Spindle trains modulated these effects, such that older participants with longer spindle trains exhibited a stronger negative association between limbic network integration and memory consolidation. These results indicate that lower functional specialization at rest is associated with weaker memory consolidation during sleep. This aligns with the dedifferentiation hypothesis, which posits that aging is associated with reduced brain specificity, leading to less efficient cognitive functioning. These findings reveal a novel mechanism linking daytime brain network organization and sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and suggest that targeting spindle dynamics could help preserve cognitive functioning in aging
Nest Exposure to Marine Flooding and Impacts on Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Embryos Under Rapid Sea Level Rise: The Role of Beach Geomorphology and Hydrodynamics
No full textInternational audienceClimate change-induced sea-level rise increases the risk of sea turtles' nests being flooded which could threaten their populations. However, impacts on embryonic development remain limited, and the mechanisms driving nest flooding are still poorly understood. Our multidisciplinary study aimed to determine the geomorphological and hydrodynamic factors exposing nests to flooding, and to better understand the effects of flooding on embryonic development under natural conditions. The research was conducted on Mayotte Island (France, Indian Ocean), where a seismic crisis between 2018 and 2020 caused subsidence, resulting in a relative rise in sea level. Thirty green turtle nests on a primary nesting reef beach were monitored from March to June 2022 using pressure sensors to measure flooding. The hydrodynamics were measured, and the beach morphology was mapped. Approximately 30% of the nests were flooded, mainly due to their relatively low position on the beach, with the flooding likely to have been influenced by water level fluctuations related to the tidal cycle. The early and late incubation phases were particularly sensitive to flooding. Emergence success was 1% for flooded nests, significantly lower than 85% for non-flooded nests. This study provides new insights and reveals that under natural conditions, nests are more sensitive to flooding than previously reported in controlled laboratory studies. However, flooding does not always directly impact embryonic mortality; other related factors may be involved, requiring further research
World geography, historical time and political vision: Disseminating Orosius’ knowledge at the beginning of the Volume d’Orose (1491)
No full textInternational audienceIn 1491, the author of the Volume d’Orose presented his text as a translation of Orosius’ Historiae. But he wasreworking another text: the first French-written universal history, the Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César, whichalready offered an initial reception of Orosius. My paper aims to study how, in the first part of his work, hemodifies the text of the Histoire ancienne by referring to the Historiae, in particular in his long description ofthe world, his evocation of the plagues of Egypt, and his choice of division of historical time, from the sixages to the theory of the four kingdoms. As far as their insertion is concerned, he seems to have been inspiredby Orosius. But the specificity of his approach is that he is rediscovering Orosius’ text without translating it.These are thus very particular modes of indirect reception