Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Association between exacerbation history and airway bacterial community assessed by extended bacterial culture and sequencing approaches in stable COPD
No full textInternational audienceChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms due to abnormalities of the airways and/or alveoli that cause airflow obstruction. It is a leading cause of death worldwide. While alterations in airway bacterial community have been linked to exacerbation frequency, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to characterize associations between airway bacterial community structure and exacerbation history in stable COPD patients and to identify candidate microbial markers that could assist in risk assessment for the clinical management of COPD patients. Sixty-two stable COPD patients were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on their exacerbation history: low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) of exacerbation. Sputum samples were collected and analyzed using both bacterial extended culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The combination of these approaches provided complementary insights, enabling a more comprehensive characterization of the bacterial community. To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine these two approaches in this context and to evaluate their relative performance in detecting microbiological markers associated with exacerbation risk. Microbial composition analysis revealed a loss of α-diversity in HR patients based on extended culture data, a finding not corroborated by sequencing. This discrepancy suggests that the observed impoverishment of diversity may primarily affect the viable fraction of the airway microbial community. The HR group also exhibited increased relative abundances of Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota, alongside a marked decrease in relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. Notably, significant reductions in the proportion of positive samples were observed at the species level for Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans. A comparison of the two methods underlined that 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified five additional phyla and 84 genera not detected by culture, notably strict anaerobes. However, extended culture demonstrated robust sensitivity in detecting Enterobacterales and the pathogenic Moraxella and Pseudomonas. This study revealed microbiological features linked to exacerbation history in stable COPD patients, highlighting the need for future functional and longitudinal research to validate these airway bacterial community signatures and develop targeted preventive strategies
Editorial: Bioactive coatings: advancing bone implant performance and longevity
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Les officines en Syrie : règlementation et évolution après la guerre
No full textCette thèse explore l’évolution de la pharmacie en Syrie, son histoire, son développement, et les enjeux actuels auxquels elle fait face, notamment avant et après la guerre civile syrienne. La première partie de l'étude examine l'importance historique et géographique de la Syrie, puis analyse l'impact dévastateur de la guerre sur le système de santé, en particulier la destruction des infrastructures, la pénurie de personnel médical et les conséquences pour les groupes vulnérables. L’histoire de la pharmacie en Syrie est retracée, depuis l’apparition des premières pharmacies jusqu’à l’expansion du secteur au XXe siècle, marquée par l'essor de l'industrie pharmaceutique nationale. La thèse s'intéresse ensuite à la réglementation stricte qui encadre l’exercice de la profession pharmaceutique en Syrie, notamment la loi de 1970 et celle de 1990 qui régissent l'ouverture et la gestion des pharmacies, ainsi que l'organisation de l'Ordre national des pharmaciens. Elle analyse également l’expansion des entreprises pharmaceutiques avant la guerre et les règlements relatifs à l'ouverture de nouvelles officines, en particulier dans les zones rurales. La deuxième partie de la thèse se concentre sur l'évolution de la pharmacie en Syrie après la guerre. Elle discute de l'état actuel de l'enseignement pharmaceutique, des comparaisons avec le système éducatif français, et des réformes nécessaires pour améliorer la formation des pharmaciens en Syrie. Les défis actuels des pharmacies sont également abordés, notamment la location des diplômes, les logiciels de gestion officinale, les grossistes et le manque d'approvisionnement en médicaments. Enfin, la thèse propose des pistes d'amélioration pour moderniser le secteur pharmaceutique syrien, en abordant des questions telles que la vente de médicaments en ligne, la structuration des pharmacies et les opportunités de modernisation du secteur, avec une attention particulière portée à l'adoption des meilleures pratiques internationales et à l'amélioration de la qualité des services
La retraite par l’usage des temps quotidiens : une relecture de l’enquête Emploi du temps
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Impact of a 3-Month Recall Using High-Fidelity Simulation or Screen-Based Simulation on Learning Retention During Neonatal Resuscitation Training for Residents in Anesthesia and Intensive Care: Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Retention capacities are dependent on the learning context. The optimal interval between two learning sessions to maintain a learner’s knowledge is often a subject of discussion, along with the methodology being used. Screen-based simulation could represent an easy alternative for retraining in neonatal resuscitation. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefits of a 3-month recall session using high-fidelity simulation or screen-based simulation, assessed 6 months after an initial neonatal resuscitation training session among anesthesia and intensive care residents. Methods All participating anesthesia and intensive care residents were volunteers, and they underwent training in the same session, which included a theoretical course and high-fidelity simulation. The attendees were then randomized into three groups: one with no 3-month recall, one with a high-fidelity simulation recall, and one with a screen-based simulation recall. To reassess the skills of each participant, a high-fidelity simulation was performed at 6 months. The primary outcomes included expert assessment of technical skills using the Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Evaluation score and nontechnical skills assessed by the Anesthesia Non-Technical Skills score. Secondary outcomes included a knowledge quiz and self-assessment of confidence. We compared the results between groups and analyzed intragroup progressions. Results Twenty-eight participants were included in the study. No significant differences were observed between groups at the 6-month evaluation. However, we observed a significant improvement in theoretical knowledge and self-confidence among students over time. Regarding nontechnical skills, as evaluated by the Anesthesia Non-Technical Skills score, there was significant improvement between the initial training and the 6-month session in both recall groups (16 vs 12.8, P =.01 in the high-fidelity group; 16 vs 13.9, P =.05 in the simulation group; 14.7 vs 15.1, P =.50 in the control group). For technical skills assessed by the Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Evaluation score, a nonsignificant trend toward improvement was observed in the two recall groups, while a regression was observed in the control group (all P s>.05). The increase in students’ self-confidence was significant across all groups but remained higher in the two 3-month recall groups. Conclusions Initial neonatal resuscitation training for anesthesia and intensive care residents leads to improved knowledge and self-confidence that persist at 6 months. A 3-month recall session, whether through high-fidelity simulation or screen-based simulation, improves nontechnical skills (eg, situation management and team communication) and technical skills. Screen-based simulation, which saves time and resources, appears to be an effective educational method for recall after initial training. The study outcomes justify the need for further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the promising role of serious games in educational programs for medical students
Haemocyte motility: a marker of inflammation in Mytilus sp.
No full textInternational audienceBivalve immunity relies exclusively on innate cellular and humoral mechanisms, during whichcells named haemocytes maraud across tissues to survey the organism and cope with invadersthrough migration towards infected site. Immune response is therefore governed by haemocytemotility. This review focuses on the different types of haemocyte movement in Mytilus sp. toaddress their role in immunity, from random patrolling of organs to directed pathogenelimination. By forming cell clusters or aggregates of different sizes, haemocyte displacementsdefine inflammation per se in mussels. Although described for many years, motility can nowbe quantified by advanced microscopy techniques that give access to cell velocity values,allowing us to quantify inflammation. As various biotic and abiotic factors have been found tomodulate haemocyte velocity, this parameter can be considered a marker to assess theinflammation level, paving the way for future developments in determining the immune statusof mussels
Les fonctionnaires sous la plume de la « reine du crime », Agatha Christie
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