Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Penser l'adaptation le scénario : l'exemple de 12 Years a Slave (Steve McQueen, 2013)
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Updated global and regional trends of stratospheric ozone profiles
No full textInternational audienceWe present updated evaluation of stratospheric ozone profile trends in the 60°S-60°N latitude range using long-term ground-based and satellite climate data records, as well as simulations by chemistry-climate models. The trends are evaluated using the LOTUS (Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere) regression model.Analyses of satellite data confirm the statistically significant positive ozone trends in the period 2000-2024 in the upper stratosphere of ~1-3 %decade -1 , with larger trends at mid-latitudes compared to the tropics. The trends are slightly positive or close to zero in the middle stratosphere, and mostly negative, -1-2 %decade -1 , in the lower stratosphere; but they are not statistically significant. The morphology and magnitude of ozone trends are similar to previous analyses (2000-2020 trends).Ozone trends in 2000-2024 predicted by climate model simulations are in good agreement with combined satellite trends. In the upper stratosphere, models predict a slightly stronger ozone recovery than observations. In the lower stratosphere, both models and satellite observations report negative trends of in the tropics, while modelled ozone trends are slightly positive at mid-latitudes.Ozone profile trends over several stations estimated from ground-based records capture the same overall vertical pattern of ozone trends as merged gridded satellite datasets. Analyses of regional ozone profile trends in 2003-2024 using merged satellite datasets confirmed the previous observations of a longitudinal structure in ozone trends in the NH mid-latitude stratosphere, with positive trends over Scandinavia and negative trends over Siberia. However, the magnitude of this dipole-like structure is reduced compared to previous analyses
Identification of transdiagnostic phenomena among patients, the general population, relatives, and mental health professionals using topic modeling techniques
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Recent research has highlighted the limitations of the categorical approach to mental disorders and has increasingly supported the development of a transdiagnostic perspective. This emerging approach focuses on common distal factors (circumstantial, biological, and social) and psychological processes that contribute to psychological suffering across a range of disorders, as well as on the resulting psychological symptoms. The present study aims to identify transdiagnostic distal factors, psychological processes, and symptoms by analyzing narratives through topic modeling—an unsupervised machine learning technique, specifically within Natural Language Processing (NLP). Topic modeling enables the automatic extraction of latent themes from unstructured text, making it possible to identify psychological patterns grounded in patients’ lived experiences. Methods We recruited four groups of participants: Patients diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder ( N = 445), Individuals from the general population ( N = 570), Relatives of patients with psychiatric disorders ( N = 354), and Mental health professionals ( N = 131). Participants answered open-ended questions exploring the causes of psychological suffering, their wishes for change, and their previous experiences with psychotherapy. Results We identified 258 topics, which were organized into 12 overarching themes. The most prominent topics concerned Emotional and Psychological Difficulties , Family and Social Relationships , and Therapeutic Processes . Each theme showed a comparable prevalence across the different diagnostic categories, supporting the transdiagnostic nature of these phenomena. Conclusion Topic modeling can be used effectively to identify transdiagnostic distal factors, psychological processes, and symptoms from diverse narratives. This approach tends to provide a novel means of supporting the relevance and validity of the transdiagnostic perspective
Exploring the Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities, Supported by Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Studies of Lysimachia tyrrhenia U.Manns & Anderb.
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT The current research was conducted to explore for the first time the phytochemical composition, of the methanolic extract and the fractions of Lysimachia tyrrhenia U.Manns & Anderb. using a developed LC–ESI–MS/MS method. In addition, antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and photoprotective activities were evaluated to highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of this species. In vitro trials were undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activity of the L. tyrrhenia sampls based on 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ), 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS •+ ), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric ions (Fe 3+ ) reducing assay (FRAP) and phenanthroline. The photoprotective potential of the L. tyrrhenia extracts against UV‐induced damage was assessed through in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) measurements, while the neuroprotective effect was examined in vitro against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. This study accurately estimated the chemical bonding between the identified molecules derived from LC–MS/MS and the AChE. The LC–MS/MS results revealed that rutin, epicatechin, hesperidin, are the abundant compounds in most of the samples. All studied samples demonstrated remarkable antioxidant potentials, among them the fraction I was the strongest, with IC 50 values of 11.71 ± 0.17 µg/mL (DPPH), 1.82 ± 0.05 µg/mL (ABTS), 4.69 ± 0.15 µg/mL (CUPRAC), and 1.00 ± 0.07 µg/mL (phenanthroline). It also exerted the considerable AChE inhibitory effect (IC 50 = 58.31 ± 0.18 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies have highlighted hesperidin as a promising AChE inhibitor, with a binding energy of −10.5 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamic simulations further support hesperidin's potential, showing stable interactions with AChE. Moreover, all fractions showed high photoprotective activity with the SPF value ranged from 34.58 to 35.19. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of L. tyrrhenia as a source of bioactive compounds for developing new approaches for managing cholinesterase‐related disorders and oxidative stress
Severity of complications is associated with impaired health‐related quality of life in people with type 1 diabetes
No full textInternational audienceAims Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is increasingly integrated into type 1 diabetes (T1D) monitoring to promote a holistic approach. To investigate HRQoL in adults with T1D and to assess the impact of the severity of complications on HRQoL. Materials and Methods This is a cross‐sectional analysis of baseline characteristics of adults living with T1D included in Société Francophone du Diabète – Cohorte Diabète de Type 1 (SFDT1), a French longitudinal cohort study. HRQoL was assessed using generic (EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Level questionnaire [EQ‐5D‐5L]) and diabetes‐specific (Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life) instruments. The severity of diabetes complications was measured using an adapted Diabetes Complication Score Index (DCSI) ranging from 0 to 14. We used multiple imputations to deal with missing data. Results We included 1892 adults, 48% women, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 38 (28; 51) years. The mean overall EQ‐5D‐5L HRQoL score was 71.1 ± 17.7 (maximum 100), with the following number of participants negatively impacted for each domain: 271 (14%) for mobility, 94 (5%) for self‐care, 378 (19%) for usual activities, 853 (45%) for pain/discomfort and 983 (52%) for anxiety/depression. The median (IQR) DCSI was 1 (0; 2). In multivariable models, a one‐step increase in DCSI was associated with a 1.5% decrease in overall EQ‐5D‐5L HRQoL. DCSI was also inversely associated with all domains of the generic scale except anxiety/depression and 17 domains of the diabetes‐specific scale. Conclusions We observed an inverse association between the severity of complications and overall HRQoL and most of its dimensions. Our results highlight the need to reinforce the prevention of complications to improve the overall well‐being of people with T1D
Corps féminins et menstruations en Éducation Physique. Des pratiques professionnelles des enseignant·es aux expériences corporelles des élèves
No full textInternational audienceLes menstruations demeurent un sujet tabou dans les écoles, en particulier en éducation physique. Peu d’études scientifiques portent sur cette thématique, que ce soit en France ou en Amérique du Nord. Cette enquête, financée par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), explore les expériences vécues par les filles menstruées, ainsi que les pratiques professionnelles mises en œuvre par les professeur·es en éducation physique lorsqu’ils et elles travaillent avec elles dans l’enseignement secondaire. Pour ce faire, des observations ethnographiques et des entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de jeunes filles, de leurs parents et d’enseignant·es, en France et au Québec.Dans une première partie, nous identifions des stratégies et des gestes professionnels déployés en classe, tels que l’encouragement à l’activité physique, la promotion de la sororité entre élèves ou la vérification de la disponibilité de protections hygiéniques. De manière transversale, la gestion des menstruations en éducation physique représente un défi professionnel récurrent, en grande partie dû au manque de formation spécifique des enseignant·es. Dans une seconde partie, nous examinons les expériences des filles en classe, modelées par leur socialisation corporelle antérieure (familiale et sportive notamment). Les enquêtées soulignent surtout l’importance de dissimuler les menstruations via des techniques corporelles précises et l’utilisation de protections hygiéniques qu’elles apprennent (ou non) à incorporer
The Sibylline Collection in Byzantium: a Many-Faced Sibyl?
No full textInternational audienceThis contribution proposes to start from the materiality of the main manuscript witnesses of the Sibylline Oracles to reflect on the origins of these texts. First, I note the interest aroused by these texts, used as prophecies to understand successive contemporary crises and as sources of inspired knowledge. The proximity with the Neoplatonic circles appears in the transmission of certain codices from the East to Europe, in particular three codices of the Φ family which come directly or indirectly from the intellectual center of Mistra. Studying the codices’ composition shows that, when the Sibylline Ora-cles are not transmitted alone, they are generally associated with versified compositions in hexame-ters with moral content, which seems to indicate a use in didactic context. Sibylline discourse can thus operate on different levels of knowledge and interest and can reach different strata of the pub-lic, from a moderately literate audience to one more versed in philosophical or religious speculation
Critique écosystémique des droits humains
No full textInternational audienceL'urgence écologique exige la mise en place de contraintes sur le système productif, et donc sur les modes de consommation qui en découlent. Mais celles-ci sont bien souvent repoussées comme autant d'atteintes aux libertés fondamentales. Semble ainsi s'opérer une confusion entre liberté individuelle et mode de vie non soutenable, qui façonne les représentations individuelles, sociétales, médiatiques, politiques, jusqu'à rejaillir dans la sphère juridique où se manifestent les tensions entre protection de l'environnement et préservation des libertés fondamentales. Cet amalgame court-circuite la réflexion sur les changements sociétaux à conduire pour faire face à l'urgence écologique via le spectre de l'« écologie punitive » ou de la « dictature verte ». Le projet de recherche CritÉcoDhu -Critique écosystémique des droits humains : repenser les « droits de l'Homme » à l'aune des limites planétaires -vise à repenser la fondamentalité des droits dans le cadre d'un nouveau contrat social lié à l'urgence écologique. Ce premier ouvrage collectif, issu d'un séminaire de cadrage entre juristes, philosophes, politistes, anthropologues et climatopaléontologue, réunit tout à la fois des études de cas, des analyses inédites et des relectures critiques de textes fondamentaux qui confrontent libertés individuelles, urgence environnementale et démocratie