Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Compte-rendu « Daniel David Jordan. Coros y Danzas. Folk Music and Spanish Nationalism in the Early Franco Regime, 1939-1953. New-York : Oxford University Press, 2023. 202 p. »
No full textSe convertir puis renoncer au marxisme en France (1940-1985). Le cas du Professeur d’économie Henri Denis
No full textInternational audienceIn France, Henri Denis is indelibly bound to the teaching of the History of Economic Thought at university level from the 1960s through to the 1990s and to the establishment of Marxism. This alone might have led him to be branded as a fiery economist, especially by his more liberal-minded colleagues. However, Henri Denis was a late converter to Marxism. During the 1940s he had allied himself with corporatism, which was one of the lynchpins of the Vichy government. The intention of this article is to piece together the life of this outspoken French economist.La figure d'Henri Denis est indissociable de l'enseignement universitaire d'Histoire de la pensée économique en France durant les années 1960-1990 et de l'implantation du marxisme. À ce titre, il a pu être considéré comme un économiste sulfureux, notamment de la part de ses collègues les plus libéraux. Henri Denis n'a toutefois été qu'un marxiste tardif. Durant les années 1940, il est proche du courant corporatiste, qui fut l'un des axes du régime de Vichy. Cet article entend reconstituer le parcours sinueux de cet économiste français
Geometry without figures: Mathematics as apodictic discourse in Indian texts
No full textInternational audienceIndian mathematical texts, from the earliest times, apparently contain little or no indication of context or proof. Those that present original results contain no figures, even when describing complex geometric situations, and often do not give numerical examples. These remarkable features call for an explanation. We have shown earlier (2006, 2010, 2012, 2019) that the missing information is encoded in the discursive structure itself: these texts are not lists of unconnected rules, but form what may be called an apodictic discourse, namely a motivated and conclusive discourse. We show here that this notion is in India a natural outgrowth of the emphasis on non-written communication, combined with the need for freedom of thought. Indeed, to express geometric theorems without writing or drawing diagrams, it is necessary to replace concrete objects by abstract ones, and to carry out reasoning directly on mental objects. And to maintain freedom of thought, arguments should be inferred by the student, by the free exercise of his or her intelligence in scrutinizing the master's words, who remains available to dispel doubts if needed. Thus, apodictic discourse is the natural form of discourse in Indian science and philosophy
Unravelling the complexity of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma: a unique case report with histological transformations and co-alteration acquisition
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets epidermal growthfactor receptor (EGFR), specifically inhibits both EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive mutations andT790M resistance mutations. Despite initial positive responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, nearlyall patients eventually experience disease progression. Mechanisms of resistance are classically divided intoEGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent mechanisms, such as the activation of alternative pathways andhistological changes. We report a case of histological transformation into large cell carcinoma associatedwith the subsequent acquisition of an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement after osimertinibexposure.Case Description: A 67-year-old female with no smoking history presented with supraclavicularlymphadenopathy and asthenia, which led to a diagnosis of stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma. Next generationsequencing (NGS) identified an EGFR Ex19del mutation, which suggested the use of afatinib, as it wasprescribed prior to osimertinib and was covered by insurance. Initial treatment with afatinib resulted inpartial remission, followed by pulmonary progression without the EGFR-T790M mutation. Moreover,ALK and ROS1 were identified through immunohistochemistry (IHC), with ROS1 expression subsequentlyconfirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); this prompted a switch to crizotinib, which wasdiscontinued owing to further disease progression. Osimertinib was then administered, which resulted in asignificant positive response; however, after six months pulmonary progression was observed. A subsequentbiopsy indicated a transformation to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, which led to treatment withplatinum-etoposide chemotherapy and, later, paclitaxel and osimertinib, both of which are partially effective.Finally, a new biopsy confirmed ALK positivity in a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that was stillharbouring an EGFR exon 19 deletion, so alectinib was introduced.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this case is the first reported incidence of transformation into large cellcarcinoma coupled with a second acquisition of alterations in ALK. These findings underscore the necessityof monitoring patients with oncogenic addiction through both liquid biopsy for on-target mechanismdetection and tissue sampling to detect histological transformations. These mecha
Les revues des ciné-clubs : entre moyen d’information et critique éducative: des dispositifs pédagogiques à part entière ?
No full textInternational audienceThis paper explores the pedagogical function of postwar French film-club journals, considered as genuine tools of popular education. Through an analysis of the main federations’ publications — Film et Famille, UFOLEIS, FLECC, and FFCC — it highlights how these journals developed an “educational criticism” distinct from traditional cinephile criticism. Designed to train taste and judgment, this form of criticism sought clarity, accessibility, and moral grounding, opposing the aesthetic and elitist stance of Cahiers du cinéma. While each federation followed its own orientation — moral, spiritual, civic, or aesthetic — they all shared the belief that cinema was a powerful medium for intellectual and cultural emancipation.Cette communication interroge la fonction pédagogique des revues de ciné-clubs françaises de l’après-guerre, envisagées comme de véritables instruments d’éducation populaire. À travers l’étude des publications des principales fédérations — Film et Famille, UFOLEIS, FLECC et FFCC — elle met en évidence la manière dont ces revues ont élaboré une « critique éducative » distincte de la critique cinéphile traditionnelle. Conçue comme un outil de formation du goût et du jugement, cette critique se veut claire, accessible et morale, tout en s’opposant à la posture esthétisante et élitiste des Cahiers du cinéma. Si chaque fédération développe sa propre orientation — morale, spirituelle, citoyenne ou esthétique —, toutes partagent la conviction que le cinéma constitue un moyen privilégié d’émancipation intellectuelle et culturelle
Isis occultée ? Éclipses et métamorphoses d’une déesse dans un corpus ovidien imprimé des XVe et XVIe siècles
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines the figure of Isis in texts and engravings derived from Ovid’s Metamorphoses and printed in 15th and 16th century France and northern Europe. Ovid dedicated two passages to her: in Book I, she is Io divinized; in Book IX, the goddess decides the fate of Iphis. Four main patterns can be identified in their interpretation: Isis is adorned with a royal aura; her procession is likened to the Roman gods; she is obscured when the process of metamorphosis and the moral approach dominate; finally, she is Christianized according to a tropological then historical approach.Cet article étudie la figure d’Isis dans des textes et des gravures dérivés des Métamorphoses d’Ovide et imprimés aux XVe et XVIe siècle en France et dans le nord de l’Europe. Ovide lui consacrait deux passages : au livre 1, elle est Io divinisée ; au livre 9, la déesse décide du sort d’Iphis. Ceux-ci sont assimilés suivant quatre tendances. Isis est parée d’une aura royale qui traduit l’idée de grandeur ; son cortège est assimilé aux dieux romains ; elle est occultée dès que le processus de la métamorphose et l’approche morale dominent ; elle est enfin christianisée suivant une approche tropologique puis historique
Designing connected operators using the topological tree of shapes
No full textInternational audienceWe recently introduced the topological tree of shapes as a new structure in the family of morphological trees. The topological tree of shapes is both a topological invariant of grey-level images and a hierachical model of these images. Building upon these two properties, we explain how the topological tree of shapes can be used to relevantly design connected filters. In this theoretical article, we show that such filters present algebraic properties related to openings / closings, while also guaranteeing the preservation of the topological structure of the processed images
What a peaty contribution to global warming! An interdisciplinary study of atmospheric and hydrologic carbon fluxes in a temperate peatland in the Jura Mountains, eastern France
No full textInternational audiencePeatlands, though covering only 3 % of the global land surface, play an active role in the Critical Zone (CZ) by mediating substantial water and carbon exchanges with adjacent aquifers, surface waters, and the atmosphere. These ecosystems provide key services, such as carbon and water storage and local climate regulation, addressing contemporary challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss, and water resource management. However, peatlands are increasingly threatened by global pressures, including climate change, and local disturbances, such as drainage for agriculture, forestry, and peat extraction. To mitigate these threats, it is essential to understand the hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes governing peatland dynamics across spatiotemporal scales. To explore the factors controlling greenhouse gases sources, production, and transport in peatlands, an interdisciplinary field campaign was conducted at the Frasne peatland (7 ha, 46.826°N, 6.1754°E, 840 m a.s.l.), a long-term observatory since 2008. The site is part of the French CZ research infrastructure (OZCAR) and the long term ecological research site Jurassian Arc, which focuses on the interaction between human and nature. The campaign was supported by the TERRA FORMA project, which develops smart, connected, low-cost, and low-impact environmental sensors to monitor CZ trajectories in the Anthropocene. The fieldwork integrated microbiological analyses of peat material, including membrane lipid profiling to trace microbial metabolisms, combined with detailed hydrogeochemical investigations of peat pore water along lateral flow and depth gradients. Measurements included physicochemical parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, pH) and major elements, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC), CO₂, and CH₄ concentration, as well as their isotopic characterization (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, δ¹³C) . Additionally, greenhouse gases fluxes were quantified at multiple scales, employing methods such as dissolved gas profiling, chamber measurements, eddy covariance, and UAV-based surveys. This multiscale approach aims to tackle critical challenges in peatland research and management, including three-dimensional quantification of carbon fluxes (lateral and vertical) at the ecosystem scale; characterization of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes that modulate greenhouse gases and dissolved carbon production and transport; and development of accessible and efficient tools for addressing these pressing environmental issues. three-dimensional quantification of carbon fluxes (lateral and vertical) at the ecosystem scale; characterization of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes that modulate greenhouse gases and dissolved carbon production and transport; and development of accessible and efficient tools for addressing these pressing environmental issues
Eosinophil CD48 interactions with Candida albicans Als6 is protective in vitro and in mouse systemic candidiasis
No full textInternational audienceEosinophils are innate immune cells with central roles in allergy, parasitic diseases and multiple inflammatory conditions. Moreover, their role in hostpathogen interactions has been well characterized. However, the role of eosinophils during fungal infection is poorly defined. In this study, we delineate the importanceofeosinophilsduringC.albicanssystemicinfections. C. albicans is promptly phagocytosed by human eosinophils, but growing hyphae escape this mechanism by releasing the fungal toxin candidalysin, which causes eosinophil membrane damage and cell death. Concomitantly, eosinophil mediators, notably major basic protein 1 (MBP-1), released during cytolysis, inhibits C. albicans growth and viability. Moreover, systemic candidiasis in genetic (Δdbl/GATA) or anti–IL-5–mediated depletion of eosinophils results in increased fungal burden and decreased survival. We here identified CD48 as a major receptor of eosinophils and possibly of other immune cells involved in the recognition of C. albicans via agglutinin-like sequence 6 (Als6). CD48 is important for protection in a model of systemic candidiasis as shown in CD48−/− mice and it binds clinical isolates of C. albicans.Inconclusion,we have definedaprotective role for eosinophils in vitro and in mouse C.albicans infections through CD48/Als6 host-pathogen interaction axis