Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Micro-pratiques anticoncurrentielles : un mauvais arrangement vaut-il vraiment mieux qu'un bon procès ?
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Endocrine effects of Imazalil on aromatase expression, vitellogenesis and ovarian histology using cyp19a1a-eGFP-casper transgenic zebrafish
No full textInternational audienceConsidering the hazards and risks posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) to organisms, there is a need to study their effects. To that end, transgenic fish are powerful models that can provide mechanistic information regarding the endocrine activity of test chemicals. In this study, we used a newly developed transgenic zebrafish line (cyp19a1a-eGFP-casper) in the OECD 21-day fish assay (OECD TG 230) to provide additional mechanistic insight on Imazalil (IMZ; 1.9; 9.9 and 140.7 μg/L). After 21 days of exposure to IMZ, the circulating concentrations of 17-β-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin decreased in females, reflecting the aromatase activities inhibition. Exposure to 140.7 μg/L of IMZ for 21 days also resulted in a change in the proportion of the different oocyte stages in the ovaries, with an accumulation of large oocytes in exposed females. In addition to the classical endpoints, in vivo GFP fluorescence was quantified in the ovaries during the time course of the exposure to follow gonadal aromatase expression. After seven days of exposure, ovarian aromatase expression increased in females exposed to medium and high concentrations of IMZ, persisting over the 21-day of exposure in fish from the highest concentration group and reflecting a compensatory response to the aromatase enzymatic activities inhibition. Results from the present study provided valuable information on the mode of action and the effects of IMZ in zebrafish. Transgenic zebrafish exposure to IMZ caused a cascade of responses consistent with effects reported for wild-type fish exposed to azole fungicides, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The cyp19a1a-eGFP (-casper) transgenic zebrafish lines, allowed in vivo monitoring of gonadal aromatase expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner thereby demonstrating their relevance to provide complementary mechanistic information on aromatase in regulatory assays such as OECD TG 230
Lutte contre les Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méticilline dans les hôpitaux de la région Grand Est
No full textLes Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méticilline sont redoutables dans les établissements de santé, en raison de leur implication dans de nombreuses infections nosocomiales et de leur résistance aux antibiotiques. À ce jour, aucune recommandation claire n’est définie par l’État quant au dépistage, à la prise en charge et au suivi des patients porteurs d’un SARM. Il s’agit donc ici d’étudier quels protocoles sont mis en place par les établissements de santé de la région Grand Est pour lutter contre la propagation de ces bactéries. Le pharmacien d’officine occupe une place importante dans les stratégies de prévention et de sensibilisation concernant les infections à bactéries multirésistantes, en favorisant le bon usage des antibiotiques. Cela permet de limiter les résistances aux antimicrobiens
VSMOD: A Vessel Segmentation and MODelization plugin for 3D Slicer
No full textInternational audienceThe volumetric annotation of vessels in medical images is a challenging and time-consuming task that typically requires extensive expert manual work. VSMOD is a free, user-friendly plugin for 3D Slicer (Fedorov et al., 2012) designed to simplify and streamline the vascular annotation process. VSMOD offers a semi-automatic two-step segmentation approach that combines RANSAC-based centerline detection (Yureidini et al., 2012) and a region-growing approach with automatic seed selection to accelerate vessel annotation. Users can interactively generate vessel centerlines by placing two points -one marking the vessel's starting location, and the other indicating its initial direction, thereby defining a branch. Additional branches are created by tracking a new branch near existing ones. From these centerlines, a vascular tree graph is automatically constructed and can be exported as a NetworkX graph (Hagberg et al., 2008), facilitating efficient data storage and external manipulation. Finally, a region-growing segmentation is applied using seeds automatically derived from the centerlines
Cessions d'usufruit temporaire de parts de sociétés civiles immobilières : le montage est-il à l'abri du grief de fraude à la loi fiscale ?
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Round table for the 50 th anniversary of the Fall of Saigon, part I: America’s Vietnam War
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Association between mycophenolic acid treatment and infection with specific strains of Pneumocystis jirovecii in solid organ transplant recipients in France and Switzerland: a multicentre, retrospective, cross-sectional study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) case clusters involving solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have been reported worldwide. Mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant used to prevent rejection in SOT recipients that targets the inosine 5 ′ -monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) protein, has been hypothesised to exert selective pressure on Pneumocystis jirovecii, with the missense mutation G1020A (Ala261Thr) in the impdh gene a possible marker of such selective pressure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that SOT recipients harbour P jirovecii with mutations in the impdh gene and are infected with specific P jirovecii strains.Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data, we included SOT recipients, regardless of the organ transplanted, involved or not in a PCP case cluster, and non-SOT recipients (control group) without mycophenolic acid exposure, diagnosed with PCP from 26 French and one Swiss secondary health-care centres. We included patients aged 18 years or older for whom archival P jirovecii DNA extracts were available in sufficient quantity and quality. P jirovecii specimens were characterised using a multilocus sequence typing method including impdh gene analysis. The primary outcome of this study was the detection of the G1020A (Ala261Thr) mutation in the impdh gene. A multivariable logistic regression was done to assess the relation between this mutation and the following variables retrieved from medical records: age, mycophenolic acid exposure at the time of PCP diagnosis, involvement in a PCP case cluster, PCP prophylaxis, and clinical outcome.Findings: 58 SOT recipients (44 treated with mycophenolic acid) and 59 non-SOT recipients (control group; not treated with mycophenolic acid) diagnosed with PCP between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2021, were enrolled. The G1020A (Ala261Thr) mutation was detected in P jirovecii specimens from 40 (68⋅9%) SOT recipients (37 treated with mycophenolic acid) and in none of the P jirovecii specimens from the patients in the control group. The multivariable analysis showed that the allele characterised by the G1020A mutation was associated with mycophenolic acid exposure at the time of PCP diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 73⋅61 [95% CI 17⋅41-455⋅70]; p<0⋅0001) and involvement in a PCP case cluster (12⋅77 [1⋅58-171⋅90]; p=0⋅029), whereas it was not associated with age, PCP prophylaxis, and clinical deterioration. A second missense mutation, G1020T (Ala261Ser) was identified in P jirovecii specimens from three SOT recipients (two treated with mycophenolic acid). Two specific multilocus genotypes (MLG-31 and MLG-34) of P jirovecii associated with Ala261Thr and Ala261Ser substitutions in IMPDH, respectively, were detected only in SOT recipients (38 patients with MLG-31 and three patients with MLG-34).Interpretation SOT recipients in this study were primarily infected with specific P jirovecii strains with mutations in the impdh gene, which might confer a selective advantage as both the G1020A (Ala261Thr) and G1020T (Ala261Ser) are associated with mycophenolic acid resistance in other fungi. Mycophenolic acid selective pressure might explain the maintenance and circulation of these P jirovecii strains within this patient population, and consequently their potential involvement in PCP case clusters
présentation de l’ouvrage "ANDRUCHIW AMANDINE Végétarismes pluriels et déprise carniste. Approche philosophique, EPURE, Reims, 2025"
No full textEnregistrement disponible sur canal U : https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/fmsh/editer-la-recherche-en-sciences-humaines-et-sociales-3e-editionInternational audienceSélectionnée pour présenter l’ouvrage Végétarismes pluriels et déprise carniste. Approche philosophique, EPURE, Reims, 2025, lors de la 3ᵉ édition de la rencontre « Éditer la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales » organisée par la Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH, Paris) et AOC, sous la direction de Sylvain Bourmeau, le 29 avril 2025. Enregistrement disponible sur canal U : https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/fmsh/editer-la-recherche-en-sciences-humaines-et-sociales-3e-editio
Mesoporous glass-ceramic powder obtained by thermal treatment of sol-gel derived 45S5 bioactive glass
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L’urbanisme transitoire : un révélateur d’opportunités et un levier d’action au service des transitions écologiques, économiques et socialesdes territoires.: Recommandations pour l'action publique
No full textLe programme de recherche TransUrba a analysé la diffusion des pratiques d’urbanisme transitoire et leur capacité à répondre auxenjeux de transitions écologique, économique et sociale. À sa suite, les recommandations émises dans ce document invitent lesdifférents acteurs de l’urbanisme à opérer des changements dans certaines de leurs pratiques, et surtout insistent sur l’urgence àchanger de paradigme dans la conduite des opérations urbaines en plaçant les objectifs de transition au centre des préoccupationset de l’action publique :▪ Replacer la dimension temporelle des politiques d’aménagement au cœur de processus d’actionqui articulent court, moyen et long terme dans les dispositifs de stratégie territoriale et deplanification urbaine en vigueur, de manière à contribuer à transformer la définition desobjectifs de planification à la mesure des enjeux, et à dynamiser l’action publique.▪ Définir un cadre stratégique pour accompagner un foisonnement d’initiatives existantes etdépasser les craintes/risques de dissémination sans portée, afin de favoriser la transformationdes pratiques et le changement de paradigme, au-delà de considérations marchandes etspéculatives.▪ Encourager les expérimentations « par le faire » et les démarches incrémentales.▪ Accélérer l’adaptation des politiques publiques aux enjeux des transitions économiques,écologiques et sociales, en s’appuyant sur le potentiel des opérations d’urbanisme transitoire,et ainsi remettre au cœur de l’urbanisme les questions du vivant et de justice sociale par la miseà disposition d’espaces.▪ Décentraliser et dé-techniciser les politiques d’aménagement, de manière à rendre lesprocessus d’urbanisme plus flexibles et efficaces, notamment en intégrant davantage auxmécanismes de décision et de conception la diversité des acteurs locaux, selon des processusd’horizontalisation des pouvoirs