Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Prise en charge globale au cabinet dentaire des femmes victimes de violences
No full textAujourd’hui, les violences faites aux femmes sont reconnues comme un déterminant majeur de leur santé. Ces violences constituent un enjeu de santé publique de premier plan. En effet, leurs répercussions affectent la santé physique, psychologique et bucco-dentaire des victimes, compromettant leur bien-être et leur qualité de vie à long terme. En France, depuis 2014, les professionnels de santé sont tenus de suivre une formation de sensibilisation sur ces violences. Néanmoins, dans la pratique au cabinet dentaire, leur détection et leur prise en charge restent souvent insuffisantes, les signes étant fréquemment méconnus ou minimisés, notamment dans la sphère oro-faciale. Ce travail explore le rôle essentiel du chirurgien-dentiste dans l'accompagnement des femmes victimes de violences. Grâce à sa position de soignant de première ligne, il peut détecter des signes de violence visibles au niveau bucco-dentaire (traumatismes, affections chroniques, détérioration de l’hygiène orale...). Le cabinet dentaire offre un environnement propice à l’écoute des patientes, permettant une prise en charge globale et humaine. Face à un phénomène qui touche toutes les classes sociales et qui, en 2022, a entraîné la mort de 113 femmes en France, cette thèse insiste sur la nécessité d’une réponse professionnelle adaptée, coordonnée et proactive. Cette thèse met en lumière le rôle clé du chirurgien-dentiste dans l’identification et l’accompagnement des femmes victimes de violences, en insistant sur l'importance d'une écoute attentive, d'une sensibilisation active et d'une orientation adaptée vers des structures spécialisées. Après avoir défini le cycle de la violence et examiné ses impacts multiples, ce travail propose des outils et protocoles spécifiques pour offrir aux patientes une prise en charge complète et adaptée au cabinet dentaire
Biocontrol of Bayoud disease: indigenous Bacillus and Actinobacteria as antagonists of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis in date palms
No full textInternational audienceDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivation in North Africa is severely threatened by Bayoud disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (FOA). Biological control approaches using antagonistic microorganisms has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional management strategies. This study explores the potential of indigenous antagonistic rhizobacterial isolates from oases in the Biskra region in Algeria (Tolga and Foughala), which are free from Fusarium wilt. A total of 115 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere and roots of date palms, among which six showed significant antifungal activity against FOA in dual-culture assays. Molecular identification classified strains GF17, TF6, and GR2 as Bacillus species, while TT11, GT15, and TF13 were identified as Actinobacteria (Gordonia terrae, Streptomyces sp., and Microbacterium sp., respectively). The influence of different culture media on the bioactivity of these strains against FOA and other phytopathogens was also investigated. Results showed that antifungal metabolite production differed depending on the culture medium and bacterial species. However, volatile organic compounds did not exhibit significant antifungal activity. Seed bioassays demonstrated that strains GT15, TT11 and GR2 provided significant protection against FOA in germinated seeds. In addition, these antagonistic isolates exhibited tolerance to various abiotic stresses, produced extracellular enzyme, and possessed plant growth promoting (PGP) properties. In particular, these plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increased root length, fresh biomass, secondary root development, and chlorophyll content in date palm seedlings under hydroponic conditions. These results suggest that the identified strains have strong potential as biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of vascular wilt disease in date palm cultivation. Given their effectiveness, particularly the Actinobacteria strains, future research should optimize application techniques and validate their performance under field conditions
A computational Framework Reveals Autofluorescence Distribution Patterns Marking Enzymatic Deconstruction of Plant Cell Wall
No full textInternational audiencePlant cell wall is a renewable source of biopolymers and an alternative for fossil-based resources. However, its resistance to enzymatic deconstruction, known as recalcitrance, needs to be overcome to achieve a cost-effective transformation into bioproducts. This requires a comprehensive understanding of cell wall enzymatic deconstruction which remains under-explored at microscale, mainly due to challenges in obtaining quantitative data. We have developed a robust 4D computational framework, named HydroTrack, which comprehensively addresses the challenges to quantify cell wall deconstruction at microscale from fluorescence confocal time-lapse 3D images of cell wall enzymatic hydrolysis. HydroTrack combines divide-and-conquer strategy with temporal propagation of spatial information to effectively track extensively deconstructed cell walls. HydroTrack divides the time-lapse images into sequential clusters. The transformations are computed to register intra-cluster images. The combination of these transformations enables registration of temporally distant images to track cell wall autofluorescence intensity. To identify individual cells, HydroTrack initially segments the first 3D image of the time-lapse images. The intra-cluster transformations are then used in a propagation strategy to identify and track the individual cells during enzymatic deconstruction. Application of HydroTrack to time-lapse images of spruce wood highlighted a distinct autofluorescence intensity distribution pattern marking enzymatic hydrolysis. The quantification of cell wall volumes and cell wall accessible surface areas dynamics revealed an asynchronous impact of hydrolysis on them with volume reduction preceding the decrease in accessible surface area. HydroTrack can be easily applied to datasets from other biomass species and pretreatment types to assess the impact and efficiency of hydrolysis
The Blame Brain: An Error Management Theory of Moral Biases as Social Navigation Tools
No full textInternational audienceError Management Theory proposes that many cognitive biases are not flaws but evolved strategies: systematic errors we tend to make to avoid worse ones. We present an error management perspective on the evolution of cognitive biases in human moral cognition. We argue that the well-documented moral tendencies to overattribute agency/free will, dismiss mitigating circumstances, exaggerate harm severity, and demand disproportionately harsh punishments, are adaptive "overblaming" strategies that evolved to avoid the greater fitness cost of missing, ignoring, underestimating, or enabling harmful individuals. Over evolutionary time, natural selection favored moral hypervigilance as a built-in, highly automatic social navigation strategy. Using neural markers of error-monitoring, cognitive control, conscious awareness, and feedback processing (error-related negativity, error positivity, feedback-related negativity), we show in two studies that human moral cognition exhibits a specialized readiness for overblaming and hyperactive attribution of agency/free will. We discuss the implications for moral theories, social cognition, neuroscientific testing of evolutionary hypotheses, and designing experiments on the roots of cognitive biases in non-human animals
Valuing habitat provision and aesthetic ecosystem services in built environments: landscape visibility and connectivity indicators in a choice experiment study
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims to value habitat provision and aesthetic ecosystem services and to study the compatibility of these seemingly unrelated services in greater depth and more systematically than is often the case. We use landscape visibility metrics and indicators as common inputs for both valuations. To better understand the origin of public preferences for urban landscape and to provide meaningful valuation for landscape planning policy, we integrate visual and ecological indicators in a choice experiment study. Our methodology is applied to the landscape of C & ocirc;te-d'Or in France. Mixed logit models are employed to incorporate random taste heterogeneity. By placing landscape ecology metrics at the heart of the stated preference framework, this article seeks to bridge the gap between landscape ecology and non-market valuation, with an eye to promoting ecological services rendered by urban landscapes while maximising social welfare
Automatisation d'un robot pédagogique sous IEC 61499
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores the automation of a Niryo Ned 2 educational robot using the IEC 61499 standard and Schneider Electric's EcoStruxure Automation Expert (EAE) software. The idea is to develop a training platform for students and technicians, adapted to the programming requirements of automation and robotics in the Industry of the Future. The platform includes a 6-axis collaborative robot and a conveyor, connected via Modbus TCP. The EAE environment enables event-driven programming in IEC 61499, facilitating the management of complex tasks and communication between different components. A human-machine interface (HMI) based on Node-RED has also been implemented for enhanced user interaction.Cet article explore l'automatisation d'un robot pédagogique Niryo Ned2 en utilisant la norme IEC 61499 et le logiciel EcoStruxure Automation Expert (EAE) de Schneider Electric. L'idée est de développer une plateforme de formation pour les étudiants et les techniciens, adaptée aux exigences de programmation d'automatisme et de robotique de l'Industrie du futur. La plateforme comprend un robot collaboratif 6 axes et un convoyeur, connectés via Modbus TCP. L'environnement EAE permet la programmation événementielle en IEC 61499, facilitant la gestion des tâches complexes et la communication entre les différents composants. Une interface homme-machine (IHM) basée sur Node-RED est également mise en place pour une meilleure interaction utilisateur
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii screening of eight species used in Côte d’Ivoire, and bio-guided isolation of three previously undescribed nor-sesquiterpenoids and one benzyl glycoside from Elaeis guineensis leaves
No full textInternational audienceThe apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan parasitosis, generally asymptomatic and potentially dangerous for the fetus and highly immunocompromised patients. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, supplemented with folic acid, are the drugs of choice to treating the disease, but they produce severe side effects and treatments fail due to drug resistance. New anti-Toxoplasma compounds are needed, and natural compounds can be a good source for obtaining them. The antiparasitic activity of 40 polar and non-polar extracts of eight antiparasitic medicinal plants used in Côte d’Ivoire, and selected based on ethnopharmacological survey, were evaluated in vitro against T. gondii. Among them, the hydromethanolic extract of the Elaeis guineensis leaves exhibited the best parasite growth inhibition (94% ± 0.07) at 25 μg/mL without being cytotoxic at the same dose. The fractionation of this extract did not allow the recovery of antitoxoplasmic activity in its individualized fractions. The 13C-NMR based dereplication of this extract and the purification of two fractions highlighted the presence of saccharides (1-2), aliphatic acids (3 and 8-11), cardanols (12-13), triterpene (14), sterol (15), nor-sesquiterpene (16), megastigman derivatives (7 and 17-19), glycosylated benzyl (20-21), flavonoids (4-6 and 22), pseudoalkaloid (23), and allyl glycoside (24). Nine compounds 1-9 were identified during the dereplication process, whereas fifteen compounds 10-24 were identified after purification and four of them were undescribed (16-18 and 20). A synergistic effect between these metabolites is thought to be responsible for the anti-Toxoplasma activity. However, further studies should be carried out to confirm and explain this synergistic or antagonistic effect between the identified compounds
The sex trade in the town of Bitam in Gabon: dynamics and issues
No full textInternational audienceThis seminal volume offers a critical examination of the socio-economic dynamics of transborderismin Africa, exploring the complex challenges and opportunities that arise fromcross-border interactions. Trans-borderism is a phenomenon characterised by the movementof people, goods, and ideas across international borders. It presents both opportunities andchallenges for African communities. Featuring 16 chapters contributed by various Africanscholars, the book provides a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the trans-borderexperiences of African communities. Through a rigorous socio-economic analysis and amultidisciplinary approach, the contributors analyse the historical, geographical, political,economic, and social factors that shape trans-borderism interactions in Africa. The bookdelves into four main themes, embodied with issues such as migration, cross-border agroeconomy,trade, stranger factor, conflict, culture for peace, and identity formation
Eicosanoid-regulated haemocyte motility mediates the inflammatory response in Mytilus edulis
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Enzymatic and sonochemical functionalization of flax fibers with natural phenolic compounds
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, flax fibers were functionalized by ferulic acid grafting using enzymatic and ultrasonic processes. The processed fibers were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy, and their phenolic content was determined after alkaline hydrolysis. Their antioxidant and hygroscopic properties were then measured. The results validate the new approaches of fiber functionalization routes respecting several green chemistry principles (less solvent, renewable resources, catalysts, etc.) for adding antioxidant properties and fluorescence while changing their hygroscopic properties, which is an interesting strategy to explore for developing new applications