Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Seroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii in equines in Northern Egypt
No full textInternational audienceSeroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii in equines in Northern Egypt.</div
AI for Industry: Transforming the Daily Lives of Maintenance Operators
No full textInternational audienceIn a highly constrained industrial environment, AI is gradually moving into a field where it was not expected: that of maintenance assistance. In the following, we will discuss this low-key innovation, the conditions of its acceptance and the dialogical processes in which it is involved. It is the fruit of several years of industrial cooperation and innovation. Genesis of this innovationMaintenance support has long been a key area for AI. This applies to expert systems and, more specifically, diagnostic support systems, event memorization and retrieval systems, and trend interpretation systems for predictive maintenance. AI focuses on the exploitation of large masses of data, or on "specialized", targeted expert knowledge, depending on the era, research fields or technological opportunities. Hybrid AI has yet to be developed in this field.Our innovation, which combines expert knowledge and the latest AI techniques, is a real case study and the fruit of a dynamic R&D program involving several industrial partners: EDF R&D, FRAMATOME, SPIE Nucléaire and TECHNICATOME, Boost Conseil and ASSYSTEM. The results are tangible thanks to a demonstration by SPIX Industry.Its history is part of a panorama of successful projects, some of which are cited in Mercier-Laurent (Mercier-Laurent 2011), with:Chapter written by Anne DOURGNON, Eunika MERCIER LAURENT and Alain ANTOINE.</div
Unraveling climate targets across the Paris conurbation as a gauge of city ambitions
No full textInternational audienceUrban areas are crucial for emission mitigation, yet achieving reduction targets remains challenging. This paper analyzes CO 2 mitigation measures in the Paris metropolitan area, providing a unique, comprehensive assessment of the city's climate action plan at high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing us to examine emissions trends and the likelihood of meeting the 2030 and 2050 climate targets. Our temporal analysis reveals that planned efforts align with the 2030 targets, but achieving the 2050 goals requires additional measures. Projected district-level emissions reveal significant heterogeneity marked by aggressive climate strategies within the urban core in the traffic sector and east/west gradients pointing to socio-economic factors influencing mitigation potentials. Our analysis links income and emissions, indicating the need for balanced interventions. This study introduces a next-generation quantification tool that rigorously assesses urban climate action plans, highlighting the pivotal role of the building and traffic sectors in meeting climate targets while addressing socioeconomic barriers.To keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius by mid-century, several consortia of cities have committed to a substantial reduction of urban system CO 2 emissions 1 . At the Paris Climate Conference (2015), over 360 cities committed to a reduction of up to 3.7 Gt CO 2 e/year by 2030, while the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM), representing over 10,000 cities, pledged to reduce urban Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 1.4-2.3 Gt CO 2 e/year by 2030 2-4 . City governments play a pivotal role in global climate change mitigation, with an increasing contribution from urban centers to energy-related fossil fuel emissions of about 70% 1 . Urbanization primarily occurs in less developed regions, with a growth rate of 2.3% p.a. compared to 0.5% in developed regions, further concentrating emissions over a small fraction of the globe 5 . Joining the global effort to fight climate change, city mayors and local governments have been invited to lead the first Local Climate Action Summit during COP28 in Dubai 6 . This first-of-its-kind event underscored the critical role of local leaders in reducing emissions, adapting to climate risk, and accelerating national climate efforts 6 . Before this event, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2018 1.5 °C Special Report had already emphasized the role of cities as crucial actors in global climate responses 7 .Non-state actors have gathered around alliances, like GCoM and C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, to share best practices and scale up technology and innovation 8,9 . These consortia promote ambitious climate actions to support local governments, with most cities following the IPCC's recommendation to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century 7,10 . To concretize their climate pledges, cities are issuing Climate Action Plans (CAPs) based on emission inventories, providing an emission baseline and reference year to design mitigation actions 11 . The therein outlined climate targets frequently exceed national and international emissions reduction ambitions 12 . CAPs include mitigation measures according to political boundaries and governance structures 13 with a focus on territorial emissions. In contrast, the city's metabolism and interactions extend far beyond the city's boundaries, amounting on average to 60% of their total carbon footprints 14 . Many cities have made tangible progress in implementing their CAPs. Copenhagen, for instance, is at the forefront of reaching carbon neutrality, while London has significantly expanded its Ultra Low Emission Zone, now the largest in Europe 15,16 . Paris is actively promoting cycling infrastructure, with the objective of becoming a "100% bikeable city" by 2026, and New York City launched a US$ 1.3 bn investment strategy for green infrastructure and stormwater management 17,18 . However, cities continue to face substantial challenges, including the need for behavioral shifts, such as transitioning to low-carbon transportation options (e.g., walking, biking, public transportation, etc.), securing sufficient funding, and</div
Investigating the Association Between a Continuous Variable and a Time‐To‐Event Outcome: Going Beyond the Cut‐Off Approach
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT When describing relationships between variables and an outcome, dichotomization of continuous variables remains a widely used approach in medical research despite many drawbacks: the loss of information which reduces the statistical power to detect an association, the risk of misclassification and the problem of comparability of the results. Alternative approaches based on flexible functions are available and would allow to use all the information contained in the data and thus to model the possible non‐linear relation between the continuous variable and the outcome. But these alternative approaches are rarely used probably because of a lack of clear guidance. This article aimed to illustrate the use of splines through an example based on hematological study. We showed the information provided by the plot of survival probabilities at a pre‐specified time and according to the level of a continuous variable, thus displaying the trends of the studied phenomenon, as compared to a simple cut‐off approach. In view of the major issues surrounding the patients' health, it is more than necessary to use the most powerful statistical approaches for greater precision in the understanding of health phenomena so that we may make more informed decisions. We hope this article will encourage the use of these approaches
Evaluating podcasts as a tool for OSCE training: a randomized trial using generative AI-powered simulation
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are critical for assessing clinical competencies in medical education. While traditional teaching methods remain prevalent, this study introduces an innovative approach by evaluating the effectiveness of an OSCE preparation podcast in improving medical students' OSCE performance using nephrology as a proof of concept. This novel method offers a flexible and accessible format for supplementary learning, potentially revolutionizing medical education.Methods: A mono-centric randomized controlled trial was conducted among 50 fourth-year medical students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the podcast intervention group or a control group. Both groups completed six nephrology-specific OSCE stations on DocSimulator, a generative AI-powered virtual patient platform. Scores from three baseline and three post-intervention OSCE stations were compared. The primary outcome was the change in OSCE scores. Secondary outcomes included interest in nephrology and students' self-reported competence in nephrology-related skills.Results: The baseline OSCE scores did not differ between the two groups (23.8 ± 3.9 vs. 23.3 ± 5.3; p = 0.77). After the intervention, the podcast group demonstrated a significantly higher OSCE score compared to the control group (27.6 ± 3.6 vs. 23.6 ± 5.0; p = 0.002) with a greater improvement in OSCE scores (+ 3.52[0.7,6.5] vs. -1.22[-3,5.5]; p = 0.03). While the podcast did not increase students' intention to specialize in nephrology (4.2% vs. 4.0%; p = 0.99), it significantly improved their confidence in nephrology-related clinical skills (41.7% vs. 16%, p = 0.04). 68% of students in the podcast group found OSCE training podcast useful for their OSCE preparation, and 96% reported they would use it again.Conclusions: The use of an OSCE preparation podcast significantly enhanced students' performance in AI-based simulations and confidence in nephrology clinical competencies. Podcasts represent a valuable supplementary tool for medical education, providing flexibility and supporting diverse learning styles.Trial registration: Not applicable
Controle robusto via dados amostrados de sistemas LPV com saturação nos atuadores utilizando condições polinomiais quadráticas
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La réforme du pacte de stabilité et de croissance 2024 : un compromis timide
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Characteristics of Patients Initiated on Budesonide/Glycopyrronium Bromide/Formoterol Fumarate Single Inhaler Triple Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based Observational Study
No full textInternational audienceCompeting Interests: GD reports personal fees from Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Sanofi and AstraZeneca. CFV, ES and NP are employees of AstraZeneca. AC and CEP are employees of Cegedim. NJA is an independent consultant at the University of Birmingham. She also reports personal fees from Cegedim, during the conduct of the study; grants from the National Institute for Health Research, outside the submitted work. HL reports personal fees from Cegedim, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from AstraZenaca, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.Background: Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol fumarate (BUD/GLY/FOR) single inhaler triple therapy became available to prescribe to patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in France in 2021. The characteristics of patients prescribed BUD/GLY/FOR triple therapy and guideline adherence have not been previously described in France.Objective: To describe the characteristics of COPD patients initiated on BUD/GLY/FOR triple therapy, assess adherence to COPD management guidelines, and explore any differences by prescribing physician.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN ® ) France database was conducted. Patients with ≥2 recorded diagnostic codes for COPD were included. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, management, COPD-related characteristics, and guideline adherence (Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française (SPLF); Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)), stratified by initiating physician speciality (general practitioner (GP) or pulmonologist) were described.Results: A total of 263 patients initiating BUD/GLY/FOR triple therapy were included. Mean (SD) age was 68.8 (11.8) years; 53.6% were male. Mean (SD) COPD duration was 6.4 (5.5) years. Comorbidities were common, with slightly more cardiometabolic and mental health conditions recorded in the GP-initiated group, and more comorbid respiratory conditions recorded in the pulmonologist-initiated group. About 77.2% (n=203) of patients had at least one moderate or severe exacerbation in the 12 months before initiation. About 86.3% had a previous record of dual (n=117, 44.5%) or triple (n=110, 41.8%) therapy. About 68.8% had been initiated on BUD/GLY/FOR triple therapy in line with SPLF guidelines (62.4% and 72.4% in the GP- and pulmonologist-initiated groups, respectively); among those with a record of COPD severity, 75.2% were initiated in line with HAS guidelines (69.2% and 76.3% in the GP- and pulmonologist-initiated groups, respectively).Conclusion: The majority of COPD patients are prescribed BUD/GLY/FOR triple therapy in accordance with current treatment guidelines, irrespective of whether the therapy is prescribed by a general practitioner or a pulmonologist
Sur les sentiers du pastoralisme.: L’apport des nouvelles technologies
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