Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Large Language Models in Cancer Imaging: Applications and Future Perspectives
No full textInternational audienceRecently, there has been tremendous interest on the use of large language models (LLMs) in radiology. LLMs have been employed for various applications in cancer imaging, including improving reporting speed and accuracy via generation of standardized reports, automating the classification and staging of abnormal findings in reports, incorporating appropriate guidelines, and calculating individualized risk scores. Another use of LLMs is their ability to improve patient comprehension of imaging reports with simplification of the medical terms and possible translations to multiple languages. Additional future applications of LLMs include multidisciplinary tumor board standardizations, aiding patient management, and preventing and predicting adverse events (contrast allergies, MRI contraindications) and cancer imaging research. However, limitations such as hallucinations and variable performances could present obstacles to widespread clinical implementation. Herein, we present a review of the current and future applications of LLMs in cancer imaging, as well as pitfalls and limitations
Energy balance in the pole vault: effect of sex and level of performance
No full textInternational audiencePerformance in pole vaulting is related to the athlete's mechanical energy when crossing the bar, which corresponds to the sum of the energy during take-off (Einit) and the net energy gain during the pole support phase (Egain). This study assessed the influence of sex and performance on the trade-off between the E gain and E init and aimed to identify the discriminating variables regardless of running speed. Eighty-four athletes were grouped by sex (female, male) and performance standards (inter-regional, national and international). Mechanical energy was computed from successful jumps video recorded in the sagittal plane. Correlations (r) between Egain and Einit were assessed, and discriminant analysis identified how energy lost during take-off, pole plant timing, pole angle, take-off angle and maximal pole bending differentiated the groups. All correlations were negative (-0.87 < r < -0.41), and only the pole angle and pole plant timing differentiated the groups. The results suggested that each group faced an energy balance between Egain and Einit , indicating multiple strategies to achieve similar performances. This study highlighted a hierarchy among the variables related to performance, with running speed (Einit) being prioritised, followed by a higher grip favouring Egain
Eosinophils and COVID‐19: Insights into immune complexity and vaccine safety
No full textInternational audienceCOVID‐19 exhibits a variety of symptoms and may lead to multi‐organ failure and death. This clinical complexity is exacerbated by significant immune dysregulation affecting nearly all cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Granulocytes, including eosinophils, are affected by SARS‐CoV‐2. Objectives Eosinophil responses remain poorly understood despite early recognition of eosinopenia as a hallmark feature of COVID‐19 severity. Results The heterogeneous nature of eosinophil responses categorizes them as dual‐function cells with contradictory effects. Eosinophil activation can suppress virus‐induced inflammation by releasing type 2 cytokines like IL‐13 and granular proteins with antiviral action such as eosinophil‐derived neurotoxins and eosinophil cationic protein, and also by acting as antigen‐presenting cells. In contrast, eosinophil accumulation in the lungs can induce tissue damage triggered by cytokines or hormones like IFN‐γ and leptin. Additionally, they can affect adaptive immune functions by interacting with T cells through direct formation of membrane complexes or soluble mediator action. Individuals with allergic disorders who have elevated levels of eosinophils in tissues and blood, such as asthma, do not appear to be at an increased risk of developing severe COVID‐19 following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine appears to be associated with complications and eosinophilic infiltrate‐induced immunopathogenicity, which can be mitigated by corticosteroid, anti‐histamines and anti‐IL‐5 therapy and avoided by modifying adjuvants or excipients. Conclusion This review highlights the importance of eosinophils in COVID‐19 and contributes to a better understanding of their role during natural infection and vaccination
Design of a Peroxidase‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrode for Bioelectroenzymatic Applications
No full textInternational audienceWe report here the design and application of an all‐in‐one gas diffusion electrode (GDE) combined with surface immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) capable of in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) from air and simultaneous oxidation of a model substrate (ABTS) within a single‐cell electrochemical reactor. Carboxyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) were employed as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction producing 719 ± 97 µM h −1 H 2 O 2 at −0.2 V ( vs Ag/AgCl) as an electron acceptor for HRP. We investigated two immobilization strategies to obtain HRP‐modified biocathodes using covalent amide conjugation between primary amine groups of HRP and carboxyl groups of MWCNT‐COOH (GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/HRP) and entrapment into a cross‐linked pyrene‐modified linear poly(ethylenimine) matrix (GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/Py‐LPEI/HRP). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize such surface modifications. The apparent catalytic activity achieved by HRP‐modified biocathodes via either covalent conjugation or entrapment into a polymer film was 311 ± 31 U mg −1 and 174 ± 17 U mg −1 , respectively, as compared to the activity of freely diffusing 188 ± 23 U mg −1 . The interfaces were reused showing 55% and 82% residual activity after 5 consecutive cycles for GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/HRP and GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/Py‐LPEI/HRP, respectively. Our findings illustrate prospects for integrating GDE and surface‐bound peroxidases for H 2 O 2 ‐dependent electroenzymatic reactions, offering a promising platform for diverse applications in bioelectrosynthesis
Step Towards Enzymatic Bioelectrorefinery: Design of a Ligninolytic Hybrid Air‐Breathing Biocathode
No full textInternational audienceLignins, abundant aromatic biopolymers and one of the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, remain the most underutilized renewable bioresources of aromatics and hydrocarbons on the Earth. Numerous physical and chemical processes have been developed for lignin valorization; however, they generally suffer from environmentally unfriendly, harsh conditions and lack reaction specificity. On the other hand, milder methods involving biocatalysts exist but are impeded by many limitations, such as cofactor regeneration, deleterious enzyme–lignin interactions, and low stability. In this work, we attempt to eliminate the constrains encountered in enzyme‐based lignin valorization processes through the development of a novel electrochemically assisted bioprocess. This “all‐in‐one” biocathode incorporates a hybrid electrocatalytic interface combining a hydrogen peroxide‐generating passive air‐breathing gas diffusion electrode with an immobilized hydrogen peroxide‐consuming lignin peroxidase on a single surface and catalyzing the depolymerization of lignins. The ligninolytic potential of this bioelectrochemical device is demonstrated using both lignin models (veratryl alcohol and veratrylglycerol β‐guaiacyl ether) and a technical lignin at room temperature in aqueous media with the reaction efficiency of 14.9% per hour
Virus cardiotropes : de la physiopathologie au diagnostic clinique – Rôle du cardiologue, du virologue et du médecin légiste
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Biochars improve agricultural production: The evidence base is limited
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L'assemblée générale habilitée à distribuer des dividendes prélevés dans le report à nouveau, ou dans les réserves disponibles
No full textInternational audience(Com. 12 févr. 2025, no 23-11.410, FS-B, D. 2025. 302 ; Paris 30 janv. 2025, no 22/17478
