Publications scientifiques de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
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Les noblesses transnationales en Europe (XIIIe-XXe siècle)
No full textInternational audienceFrom the medieval period to the present day, noble families have frequently crossed borders, forging complex ties and deeply influencing European history.Drawing on the concept of "transnationality," this book explores how noble families have been embedded in various political, legal, and social spaces extending beyond national borders. From Brittany to Bohemia, from France to the Ottoman Empire, these noble elites have often had to reinvent their identities and alliances to maintain their status and influence. Marriages, inheritances, miltary and civil services rendered to foreign sovereigns: how did these families manage to maintain their cohesion and identity despite thir geographical dispersion? What impact did their marriage alliances have on their power and wealth? How did they navigate between local loyalties and transnational ambitions? Moving beyond a strictly national interpretation of elite history, this book explores, through various case studies, the forms of multi-territorial entrenchment of European nobility over the long term. By combining insights from social, political, and cultural history, it offers a reflection on the formation of a European "gotha," on the continuities and ruptures in noble strategies, and on the forms of identity produced by the transnational experience.De l’époque médiévale à l’ère contemporaine, les familles nobles ont souvent franchi les frontières, tissant des liens complexes et influençant l’histoire européenne de manière profonde.En s’appuyant sur le concept de « transnationalité », ce livre explore les modalités d’inscription de familles nobles dans plusieurs espaces politiques, juridiques et sociaux, au-delà des frontières étatiques. De la Bretagne à la Bohême, de la France à l’Empire ottoman, ces élites nobiliaires ont souvent dû réinventer leurs identités et leurs alliances pour maintenir leur statut et leur influence. Mariages, héritages, services rendus à des souverains étrangers, comment ces familles ont-elles réussi à maintenir leur cohésion et leur identité malgré la dispersion géographique ? Quels ont été les impacts de leurs alliances matrimoniales sur leur pouvoir et leur patrimoine ? Comment ont-elles navigué entre loyautés locales et ambitions transnationales ?À rebours d’une lecture strictement nationale de l’histoire des élites, ce livre explore, grâce à des études de cas variées, les formes d’ancrage pluriterritorial des noblesses européennes sur la longue durée. En croisant les apports de l’histoire sociale, politique et culturelle, il propose une réflexion sur la formation d’un « gotha » européen, sur les continuités et les ruptures dans les stratégies nobiliaires, et sur les formes d’identité que produit l’expérience transnationale
Novel Bioactive Multifunctional Polyphenols: A Chemo‐Enzymatic Approach
No full textInternational audienceStilbenes, such as resveratrol, possess numerous biological activities desirable in various industrial sectors ( e.g ., pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic). However, these activities are counteracted by their low bioavailability. In order to achieve an optimal hydrophylic/lipophilic balance (HLB) and thus maximize bioavailability, alkyl glucoside dimers of resveratrol ( i.e ., C2 to C12 alkyl oxystilbenin diglucosides (C8-O4' linkage) and δ-Viniferin diglucoside (C3-C8' linkage)) were synthesized from piceid-a β-glucoside of resveratrol-in one or two steps using a silver acetate-mediated oxidative coupling in various alcoholic solvents as the key step. δ-Viniferin diglucoside was functionalized by lauric acid using an enzyme-mediated esterification. HLB values, determined from Log P (the partition coefficient between water and octan-1-ol), were calculated for the nine synthesized compounds, revealing that four exhibited values within the range considered favorable for bioabsorption. Finally, antiradical and antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH and ORAC tests, respectively, prior to anti-inflammatory testing on dermal human cells. These assays have shown very promising results with some activities overpassing that of resveratrol
Long-duration in situ monitoring of H2O and CH4 in the equatorial tropopause with the Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz balloon borne laser diode spectrometer during the Strateole 2 campaign
No full textInternational audienceThe Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz spectrometer provides in situ mixing ratio measurements of H2O and CH4 (or CO2 ) under balloon. The instrument was flown in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 during the Strateole 2 campaigns for a total of five flights of 20 to 80 days between 18 and 20 km altitude. In this frame, in situ measurements of water vapor and methane were performed every 4 to 12 minutes in the equatorial tropopause layer. On several occasions, water vapor measurements of Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz have been compared with localized measurements from the FLASH-B Lyman-α hygrometer and vertical profiles of the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) frost point hygrometer over Hilo, Hawaii. Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz measurements agreed with the FLASH-B hygrometer to within 2.2 ± 5.3 % between 18.2 and 18.7 km in 2021 and to within 1.3 ± 5.3 % near 19 km in December 2019. Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz agreed with NOAA’s FPH hygrometer to within 1.2 ± 4.1% between 18 and 19 km on four occasions during the two campaigns. These are within both instruments’ uncertainties. Methane measurements from Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz have been compared with in situ measurements from the Whole Air Sampler instrument (WAS), flown aboard the NASA WB-57 aircraft during the ACCLIP 2022 campaign over South Korea, eight months after the Pico-STRAT Bi Gaz overpass. The relative difference between both instruments is found to be of (−0.1 ± 0.9) % within the altitude range from 17 to 19 km and within the Pico-STRAT measurement uncertainty
The role of external beam radiation therapy in thyroid cancer management: A Scoping Review
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Desmin mutations in cardiomyocytes increase susceptibility to coxsackievirus B3 infection by impairing antiviral IFN-β response and upregulating viral receptors expression
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundDesmin-related cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in the DES gene are characterized by cytoskeletal disorganization and impaired cardiomyocyte function. Viral infections, particularly with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), have been implicated as environmental triggers for cardiac decompensation. However, the interaction between desmin mutations and viral infection has never been explored.MethodsHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a healthy donor (control-CMs) and from patients carrying DESS46Y, DESD214−E245del, or DESP419H mutations (DESmut-CMs) were infected with the cardiovirulent enterovirus CVB3/28. Structural changes were assessed by immunofluorescence for sarcomeric proteins and desmin. Contractile function was evaluated through video-based motion tracking. Viral replication, protein expression and antiviral responses were measured via plaque assays, immunostaining, and qPCR. Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) and cell-surface vimentin expression were quantified post-infection.ResultsDESmut-CMs exhibited baseline sarcomeric disorganization and desmin aggregation, which were further aggravated by CVB3/28 infection in a mutation-specific manner. CVB3/28 significantly reduced spontaneous contractility in control-CMs, DESS46Y, and DESP419H-CMs, with minimal effect in DESD214−E245del-CMs. Infected DESmut-CMs showed enhanced viral replication, increased VP1 expression and elevated virion release. This was accompanied by a stunted IFN-β response, reduced APOBEC3A expression, and infection-induced upregulation of viral receptors CAR and cell-surface vimentin.ConclusionCVB3/28 infection compromises the structural integrity and contractile function of cardiomyocytes and exerts a more severe effect in cells harboring DES mutations. These findings underscore a pathogenic synergy between genetic cytoskeletal defects and viral infection, revealing a mechanistic basis for the heightened vulnerability of patients carrying mutation in DES gene to virus-induced cardiac decompensation.SummaryCVB3/28 infection disrupts cardiomyocyte structure and impairs contractility, with more severe effects in cells carrying DES mutations. By enhancing viral replication and weakening antiviral defenses, DES mutations act synergistically with CVB3/28 infection to increase the risk of cardiac dysfunction
Les pierres à bâtir à Reims au tournant du XIIIe siècle
No full textInternational audienceQuelles pierres pour quels usages au moyen âge à Reims ?Et en quoi ou pour quels usages de la pierre le 13ème siècle peut-il être considéré comme un tournant dans la gestion des matériaux ou des approvisionnements ?Ce sont des questions actuellement non totalement résolues, car les principales observations réalisées au cours de ses dernières années sont encore trop lacunaires ou superficielles. La tendance aux remplois presque omniprésents encore au siècle précédent semble s’atténuer et disparaître au profit de la pierre rousse champenoise. Et de la même façon celle-ci semble remplacer les calcaires « durs » ou les calcaires blancs et fins si présents dans la statuaire du siècle précédent. Le chantier de la Cathédrale Notre Dame de Reims et ses multiples phases de construction est aussi un bon marqueur de cette modification des assemblages de faciès de calcaires dans les parements avec une claire différence entre les phases précoces et tardives du chantier gothique.Le changement est en apparence modeste, car tous ces faciès proviennent des calcaires du Lutétien, mais la cela révèle probablement des choses bien plus importantes si l’on raisonne en termes d’approvisionnement et de fonctionnement des chantiers ou en termes esthétiques et techniques
Hydro-ecological controls of dissolved organic carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in a temperate peatland: A multi-disciplinary collaboration in the Frasne peatland observatory (Jura Mountains, France)
No full textNational audiencePeatlands are increasingly recognized as key components of the Critical Zone (CZ) - the thin layer at the surface of the Earth where major biogeochemical reactions occur - , because they tightly integrate, within a single ecosystem, hydrological, biological, and carbon cycle processes that all impact each other. Although they cover only about 3% of the global continental surface, they store over 30% of global soil organic carbon, highlighting their long-term role as carbon sinks, largely due to permanent water saturation and specific vegetation. However, climate change is increasingly disrupting the hydroecological balance of peatlands, potentially converting them from carbon sinks into sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In this study, we adopted an approach using innovative techniques developed within the TERRA FORMA initiative of the French OZCAR CNRS research infrastructure. Our work was focused on a temperate 7-hectare peatland (Frasne, French Jura Mountains) hosting a long-term Critical Zone observatory (SNO Tourbières) to unravel the mechanisms underlying the continuum of DOC production, mineralization and export to the atmosphere as GHGs (CO₂ and CH₄). Spatial variability in DOC quality - including aromaticity, molecular weight, and microbial origin - was compared to hydrological gradients, vegetation types and atmospheric GHG concentrations, the latter measured by drone surveys and ground-based accumulation chambers. The results indicate a preferential production of recalcitrant DOC in the upstream part of the peatland, where conifers dominate the vegetation. In contrast, biochemical markers reveal intense microbial decomposition of organic carbon in the more frequently flooded downstream zones, producing DOC that is lower in concentration, less aromatic, and more labile. This area coincides with higher GHG concentrations in the overlying atmosphere, suggesting that the labile DOC is readily transformed into GHGs. This pattern is hypothesized to result from the presence of less aromatic molecules originating from vascular plants and Sphagnum moss exudates formed under anaerobic conditions, in areas where the water table is close to the surface. With declining Water Table Depth (WTD), this more labile carbon becomes exposed to aerobic conditions, enhancing microbial respiration and promoting GHG emissions.Lateral DOC export at the outlet of the peatland is strongly controlled at seasonal scale: export increases in spring and autumn during WTD transitions, with generally higher fluxes in winter when the water table is near the surface. In the context of climate change, with progressively wetter winters and drier summers, this pattern suggests a potential intensification of winter DOC export and higher atmospheric GHG emissions during summer, thus leading both to increased annual organic carbon exports. However, the model still needs to account for changes in vegetation type and productivity to fully capture future dynamics.Overall, this study emphasizes that understanding such a complex environment requires strong integration across scientific disciplines. The integrative framework enabled by the OZCAR research infrastructure provides a robust foundation for a better understanding of peatland carbon dynamics at different spatial scales
Contentieux de la nationalité : un allégement de l'exigence de légalisation source de nouvelles difficultés ?
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Un nouveau moule d’épée en pierre découvert sur le site de La Veuve, « le Champ Pertaille » (Marne)
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Habiter le théâtre. Pour une géographie des spatialités scéniques
No full textInternational audienceJe peux prendre n'importe quel espace vide et l'appeler une scène. Quelqu'un traverse cet espace vide pendant que quelqu'un d'autre l'observe, et c'est suffisant pour que l'acte théâtral soit amorcé. » Peter Brook, L'espace vide, écrits sur le théâtre, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, [1968] 1977, p. 25 Le théâtre 1 (comme tous les arts de la scène) est l'art spatial par excellence dans la mesure où l'espace -la scène ou ce qui en tient lieu -est la condition même de possibilité du spectacle. L'espace et les spatialités sont ainsi des composantes à part entière du spectacle, ce qui explique l'intérêt ancien des études théâtrales pour ces deux aspects. C'est d'ailleurs autour de l'espace que s'opère le glissement des études littéraires vers les études théâtrales, c'est-à-dire du texte écrit et performé au spectacle représenté sur scène. Ainsi Anne Ubersfeld fait-elle cas de l'espace dans son ouvrage fondateur Lire le théâtre et propose-t-elle une typologie par laquelle elle distingue l'espace théâtral (le bâtiment dédié à l'art théâtral), le lieu scénique (c'est-à-dire la scène sur laquelle évoluent les artistes) et l'espace dramatique, l'espace construit par le jeu même des acteurs et dans lequel nous projette la représentation 2 . Patrice Pavis approfondit cette typologie en distinguant les espaces ludique, textuel et intérieur 3 . Christian Biet et Christophe Triau consacrent quant à eux les deux premiers chapitres de leur ouvrage Qu'est-ce que le théâtre ? à l'espace, en insistant sur la place qu'occupe le spectateur dans le dispositif théâtral 4 . Ces travaux explorent de multiples dimensions et ce faisant enrichissent l'analyse théâtrales, mais buttent sur des impasses notamment l'incapacité à penser l'espace autrement qu'en opposant d'une part sa dimension matérielle (ce qui conduit à interroger par exemple l'architecture théâtrale ou la scénographie, selon que l'on considère l'échelle du bâtiment ou celle de la scène) ou d'autre part sa dimension idéelle (l'espace construit par la performance, c'est-à-dire l'espace travaillé selon une perspective sémiologique). Bien plus, ces approches ne proposent pas une distinction rigoureuse entre l'espace et la spatialité, comme si ces deux termes étaient sinon synonymes du moins équivalents.Le but de cet article est d'élaborer plus avant la question spatiale au théâtre : il mobilise les acquis de ma discipline, la géographie 5 , qui s'est récemment renouvelée autour du binôme espace (« une des dimensions de la société correspondant à l'ensemble des relations que la distance entre différentes réalités 6 ») et spatialités, c'est-à-dire les pratiques spatiales : ce que l'on fait avec l'espace 7 , et qui en</div