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Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy prevalence diagnosed by the modified Rines Valcardi method in patients with diabetes from two primary care clinics from Puerto Ordaz, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de Neuropatía Autonómica Cardiovascular, por el método Rines Valcardi modificado en individuos diabéticos.
Materiales y Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por un grupo de 104 pacientes con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus, los cuales acuden al Club de Diabéticos del ambulatorio IVSS Renato Valera Aguirre y a la Consulta de Medicina Interna del Hospital Uyapar, en Puerto Ordaz, Edo. Bolívar. La escogencia fue por muestreo no
probabilístico intencional. Se realizó Anamnesis sencilla sobre la presencia o no de antecedentes cardiovasculares (arritmias o infartos previos), Tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnostico de diabetes y tipo de tratamiento recibido, se realizó la prueba RINES VALCARDI monitor, utilizando un oxímetro de pulso, Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) v.19 para Windows (SPSS IBM Chicago, IL).
Resultados: la frecuencia de individuos con neuropatía autonómica fue de 26%, con un mayor porcentaje en el sexo femenino (63%), el grupo etario 60-69 años (44,4%) y con el uso de insulinoterapia (44,4%); el sexo, grupos etarios y terapia farmacología no mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de neuropatía
autonómica, el antecedente de arritmias cardiacas si mostro asociación estadística con el diagnóstico de Neuropatía autonómica con una frecuencia de ambas alteraciones en 74,1% de los casos, al igual que el antecedente de infarto de miocardio con un porcentaje de ambas enfermedades en 29,6%. El promedio de años con diabetes mellitus fue de 15±10 años.
Conclusiones: El método RINES VALCARDI monitor, permite a los médicos de atención primaria tener a la mano una herramienta diagnóstica de fácil y rápida interpretación.
En el estudio se evidenció elevada prevalencia de Neuropatía Autonómica Cardiovascular cuyo riesgo aumenta en pacientes con más de 10 años con el diagnóstico. Existiendo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de arritmias e infartos al miocardio en estos pacientes y el diagnóstico de Neuropatía Autonómica Cardiovascular.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy by the Modified Rines Valcardi method in individuals diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of a group of 104 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, which come to Club Diabetic outpatient IVSS Renato Valera
Aguirre and the Consultation of Internal Medicine Uyapar Hospital in Puerto Ordaz, Edo. Bolivar. The choice was intentional non-probabilistic sampling. Anamnesis on the presence or absence of cardiovascular history (arrhythmias or previous heart attacks), time since diagnosis of diabetes and type of treatment received time, the test RINES VALCARDI monitor was performed using a pulse oximeter was performed Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 19 for Windows (SPSS IBM Ch, IL).
Results: The frequency of individuals with autonomic neuropathy was 26%, with a higher percentage in females (63%), the age group 60-69 years (44.4%) and the use of insulin therapy (44.4 %); sex, age groups and pharmacology therapy showed no statistically significant association with the presence of autonomic neuropathy, a
history of cardiac arrhythmias did show statistical association with the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy with a frequency of both disorders in 74.1% of cases, as well
as a history of myocardial infarction with a percentage of both diseases in 29.6% .The average years with diabetes mellitus was 15 ± 10 years.
Conclusions: The RINES VALCARDI monitor, method allows primary care physicians have at hand a tool diagnosed quickly and interpretation. In the study high prevalence of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy whose risk increases in patients over 10 years with the diagnosis was evident. With statistically significant correlation between the presence of arrhythmias and myocardial infarction in these patients with the diagnosis of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy
Importance of coupling the teaching methodologies of mathematics with the learning styles of digital natives
No full textThe purpose of this article is to explain the importance of adapting the teaching and
learning methods of mathematics through the use of ICTs. It is suggested that it is necessary to
do so, because at present, we are in the knowledge and information society. For this, we use the
literature review as an investigative method, with which we hope to explain the disadvantages
of continuing to use traditional methods and the importance of innovating it through reflective
practices and collaborative projects. Then, we will address the skills that need to be developed,
to adapt students to the demands of today's societies. Similarly, we will explain the
characteristics of modern students through the concept of digital natives, to identify what tools
and methods can be used in order to facilitate meaningful learning of mathematics. Finally, we
will be offering a discussion about the method that should be implemented and what studies exist
to support its use. It is concluded that the Tics must be included in the teaching of mathematics
because they are necessary to adjust to work and professional life
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños escolarizados de 6 a 17 años
No full textObjetivo: se buscó determinar la prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
(TDAH) en niños de entre 6 a 17 años escolarizados en Barranquilla, para hacer una caracterización
epidemiológica del trastorno en la región Caribe colombiana.
Materiales y métodos: se tomaron 383 niños de una institución educativa a los que se les aplicaron
pruebas de tamizaje (Checklist y BASC). Aquellos sujetos que registraron una puntuación sugestiva de
alguna alteración fueron reprogramados para la realización de la evaluación por medio de la entrevista
estructurada (MINI).
Resultados: de los 383 sujetos evaluados inicialmente, 178 resultaron ser casos de algún tipo de altera -
ción, de estos se confirmó que 59 (15%) tenían diagnóstico de TDAH, con una proporción de 38 varones
y 21 mujeres, lo que arroja una relación 2:1, la distribución por subtipos se dio en 7,3% combinado, 5%
inatento y 3,1% hiperactivo. En total, el 23% de los sujetos evaluados presentaron algún trastorno neu -
ropsiquiátrico y se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el subtipo inatento con la
agorafobia y los episodios depresivos, entre el subtipo hiperactivo con el trastorno oposicionista desa -
fiante y el trastorno de angustia y entre la depresión y el riesgo de suicidio con el subtipo combinado.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia del TDAH en Barranquilla presenta un comportamiento similar a otras
regiones del país, tanto en la prevalencia como en la distribución por subtipos, relación por sexo, tipos
de comorbilidades. Estos datos no están sujetos a factores psicosociales, lo que confirmaría la teoría de
tener una etiología multifactorial.Objective: we were determined to obtain the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prev -
alence among students between the ages of 6 to 17 years in Barranquilla, so we could epidemiologi -
cally characterize this disorder in the Caribbean region.
Materials and methods: we selected 383 students from a school, to whom we applied the Checklist
and BASC evaluations. Those students whose score were suggestive for any neurobehavioral disorder
where rescheduled for the MINI structured interview.
Results: of the 383 students, 178 were suggestive for a neurobehavioral disorder, of those 59 were
confirmed of having ADHD, for a prevalence of 15%, they were distributed 38 male, 21 female, for a 2:1
rate, the subtype distribution was 7,3% for the combined subtype, 5% for the inattentive and 3,1%
hyperactive. 23% of all subjects had any neuropsychiatric disorder, and a statistically significant correla -
tion was found between the inattentive subtype with agoraphobia and depressive episodes; the hyper -
active subtype was correlated with oppositional defiant disorder and panic disorder and finally the
combined subtype was correlated with depression and suicide risk.
Conclusions: ADHD prevalence in Barranquilla seems to be the same as the founded in other regions
of the country, both for prevalence, sex distribution, subtype distribution and comorbidities. This data
is not associated with any psychosocial factor, which would confirm the theory that this disorder has
a multifactorial etiology
Democracy to the fore: Government of the people or degeneration of power?
No full textExiste un consenso hegemónico sobre los beneficios de la democracia, sin embargo, desde sus orígenes
helénicos hasta la actualidad, no faltan autores que se han dedicado a identificar las falencias de este
modelo político. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo revelar algunas de las críticas valiosas efectuadas a
la democracia. Con este propósito, se seleccionan dialógicamente diferentes autores ubicados en distintos
contextos temporales e ideológicos y se hace un tratamiento hermenéutico-dialógico de sus argumentos.
En lo metodológico se trata, en consecuencia, de una investigación de tipo hermenéutica con base a fuentes
documentales impresas sustentada en una epistemología postpositivista. Se concluye que, en su doble condición
de constructo teórico (ideal democrático) y experiencia histórica concreta la democracia o, mejor dicho,
las poliarquías, son formas de gobierno en todo momento perfectibles y susceptibles a un tratamiento crítico
para descubrir sus contradicciones, limitaciones y ambigüedades. En este sentido, el aporte fundamental de la
investigación radica en impulsar los espacios dialógicos sobre la democracia y sus desafíos históricos, desde
la relectura de obras cumbres de la ciencia política y la filosofía política.There is a hegemonic consensus about the benefits of democracy, however, from its Hellenic origins
to the present, there’s some authors who have dedicated themselves to identifying the shortcomings of this
political model. This research aims to reveal some of the valuable criticisms made to democracy. For this
purpose, different authors located in different temporal and ideological contexts are selected dialogically and
a hermeneutic-dialogic treatment of their arguments is made. In methodological terms, it is, consequently,
a hermeneutic research based on printed documentary sources based on a postpositivist epistemology. It is
concluded that, in its double condition of theoretical construct (democratic ideal) and concrete historical experience,
democracy or, rather, polyarchies, are perfectible forms of government the most of the time and at
the same time susceptible to a critical treatment to discover their contradictions, limitations and ambiguities.
In this sense, the fundamental contribution of this research lies in promoting dialogic spaces on democracy
and its historical challenges, from the rereading of top works about political science and political philosophy
School Dropout of Adolescent Mothers in a Colombian-Venezuelan Border
No full textThe objective of this study was to compare school dropout of adolescent mothers in the Venezuelan-Colombian border, between the Táchira State and the North of Santander Department. The factors considered by the analysis were the age when leaving their studies, the educational level and the school performance before the desertion for determining the requirements conducive to social development. Thus, using a quantitative methodology, the study handles two samples: 235 adolescent mothers in Táchira State and 406 mothers in the North of Santander Department. The results indicate, for both contexts, a statistically significant association between school dropout before pregnancy with age at the time of dropout of school, with the educational level upon leaving school and the independence with previous academic performance. The study revealed that, in the abandonment of studies, the sociological age influences by an advance of roles not linked to chronological age. The conclusion is that a quality education that involves professional preparation and stops adolescent pregnancy through curricular planning according to childhood and youth that motivates intrinsically and extrinsically towards a better future is required in the studied reality
Pedagogical practice of entrepreneurship in higher education teachers in University Educational Institution of Barranquilla
No full textIntroducción. El emprendimiento, desde un enfoque de desarrollo
integral es entendido como una forma de pensar, sentir
y actuar para la creación de valor, lo cual permite a la comunidad
educativa proponer espacios de formación para construir
conocimientos y desarrollar hábitos, actitudes y valores
necesarios para generar acciones orientadas al mejoramiento
personal y a la transformación del entorno y de la sociedad.
Objetivo. Analizar la práctica pedagógica de emprendimiento
en docentes de Institución de Educación Superior (IES) en
Barranquilla.
Metodología: Investigación desarrollada desde el paradigma
cualitativo con método etnográfico en la cultura de la práctica
pedagógica en emprendimiento; se usó instrumento entrevista
semi estructurada con cuatro informantes clave, docentes.
Resultados. La enseñanza de la educación emprendedora
se puede concretar como un aspecto sustantivo de la
formación en competencias de los estudiantes, desde los
planteamientos de una pedagogía emprendedora que ha de
impulsar la comprensión de lo empresarial como factor de
cooperación al bienestar colectivo. El proceso de enseñanza
es aquel en que el maestro desde sus saberes reconoce los
elementos que componen el proceso de generación de negocio,
de por sí complejo, y para devolverle a la enseñanza
el estatuto de práctica de un saber que requiere unas características
especiales para que aflore en el estudiante potencialidades
de creatividad e innovación.Introduction. Entrepreneurship, from a holistic development
approach is understood as a way of thinking, feeling and acting
for the creation of value, this allows the educational community
to propose spaces to build knowledge and develop
habits, attitudes and values necessary to generate actions
aimed at personal improvement and the transformation of the
environment and the Society.
Objective. To analyze the pedagogical practice of entrepreneurship
in teachers of higher education institution (IES) in
Barranquilla.
Methodology. Research developed from the qualitative paradigm
with ethnographic method in the culture of pedagogical
practice in entrepreneurship; Semi-structured interview
instrument was used with four key informants, teacher. Results The teaching of entrepreneurial education can be
realized as a substantive aspect of the training in the competence
of the students, from the approaches of an entrepreneurial
pedagogy that has to promote the comprehension
of the business as a factor of Collective welfare cooperation.
The teaching process is one in which the teacher from his/her
knowledge recognizes the elements that compose the process
of business generation, in itself complex, and to return
to the teaching the Statute of practice of a knowledge that
requires special characteristics To expose in the student potential
creativity and innovation
Implementation of a clinical guideline for detection of gestational diabetes in primary care
No full textBackground: Gestational diabetes (GD) impacts maternal and fetal morbidity.
In 2012, the World Diabetes Foundation provided financing project in
Barranquilla (Colombia), aimed to implement a clinical guide for the diagnosis
and treatment of this condition. Aim: To estimate the adherence of the guide
in primary care centers. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study of
pregnant women suspected of having gestational diabetes. Pregnant women
were classified according to the week of admission to the prenatal control program:
< week 24 or later. Women with a fasting blood glucose over 92 mg/dL
and under 126 mg/dL or with some positive result to the oral glucose tolerance
test were included. Results: Nine percent (1,887 women) of 21,699 registries of
pregnant women, were at risk for gestational diabetes. Of these, 1,880 registries
with complete data were analyzed. Sixty nine entered the program at less than
24 weeks of pregnancy and 71% had had a fasting blood glucose measured in
the first control. In 69.2% of these women, criteria for gestational diabetes was
met. A glucose tolerance test was suggested to women with a blood glucose below
92 mg/dl. Among 72% of the latter, the glucose tolerance test met the criteria for
gestational diabetes. Among the 498 women who entered the program after 24
weeks of gestation, 68% met the criteria for gestational diabetes with the fasting
blood glucose levels. In 90 women, a glucose tolerance test was performed and 80%
met the criteria for gestational diabetes. Conclusions: An adequate adherence
to guidelines favors the detection of pregnant women with gestational diabetes
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma characterization using computed tomography images
No full textLung cancer is one of the pathologies that sensitively affects the health of human
beings. Particularly, the pathology called pulmonary adenocarcinoma represents 25% of all lung
cancers. In this research, we propose a semiautomatic technique for the characterization of a
tumor (adenocarcinoma type), present in a three-dimensional pulmonary computed tomography
dataset. Following the basic scheme of digital image processing, first, a bank of smoothing filters
and edge detectors is applied allowing the adequate preprocessing over the dataset images. Then,
clustering methods are used for obtaining the tumor morphology. The relative percentage error
and the accuracy rate were the metrics considered to determine the performance of the proposed
technique. The values obtained from the metrics used reflect an excellent correlation between
the morphology of the tumor, generated manually by a pneumologist and the values obtained by
the proposed technique. In the clinical and surgical contexts, the characterization of the detected
lung tumor is made in terms of volume occupied by the tumor and it allows the monitoring of
this disease as well as the activation of the respective protocols for its approach
Relation Between Levels of Leptine and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents
No full textObjective: To determine the relationship between leptin levels and metabolic parameters in children and
adolescents.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Laboratory biochemical values and anthropometric parameters were
determined. Univariate analysis was performed with measurements of frequencies and percentages and bivariate
analysis through statistical significance tests (p <0.05). In case of multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction
was made.
Results: There were higher levels of leptin to higher adipose tissue, while in the metabolic parameters a
relationship was observed between high levels of glycemia and leptin independent of the variables gender, age
group and nutritional status. There was no clear relationship between high levels of leptin and those of the lipid
profile.
Conclusions: There was a relationship between leptin concentrations and nutritional status and in the relationship
of leptin with the metabolic parameters studied, there was an association with glycemia, while this association was
not clear with the lipid profile
Computational assessment of stomach tumor volume from multi-slice computerized tomography images in presence of type 2 cancer [version 2; referees: 1 approved, 1 not approved]
No full textBackground: The multi–slice computerized tomography (MSCT) is a medical
imaging modality that has been used to determine the size and location of the
stomach cancer. Additionally, MSCT is considered the best modality for the
staging of gastric cancer. One way to assess the type 2 cancer of stomach is by
detecting the pathological structure with an image segmentation approach. The
tumor segmentation of MSCT gastric cancer images enables the diagnosis of
the disease condition, for a given patient, without using an invasive method as
surgical intervention.
Methods: This approach consists of three stages. The initial stage, an image
enhancement, consists of a method for correcting non homogeneities present
in the background of MSCT images. Then, a segmentation stage using a
clustering method allows to obtain the adenocarcinoma morphology. In the
third stage, the pathology region is reconstructed and then visualized with a
three–dimensional (3–D) computer graphics procedure based on marching
cubes algorithm. In order to validate the segmentations, the Dice score is used
as a metric function useful for comparing the segmentations obtained using the
proposed method with respect to ground truth volumes traced by a clinician.
Results: A total of 8 datasets available for patients diagnosed, from the cancer
data collection of the project, Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma
(TCGASTAD) is considered in this research. The volume of the type 2 stomach
tumor is estimated from the 3–D shape computationally segmented from the
each dataset. These 3–D shapes are computationally reconstructed and then
used to assess the morphopathology macroscopic features of this cancer.
Conclusions: The segmentations obtained are useful for assessing
qualitatively and quantitatively the stomach type 2 cancer. In addition, this type of segmentation allows the development of computational models that allow the
planning of virtual surgical processes related to type 2 cancer