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Nursing Didactics, Analysis Based on its Components in the Current Contexts
No full textIntroducción: En la actualidad la didáctica como ciencia se
debate en diferentes posicionamientos: en primer lugar sí es una
ciencia, en segundo lugar algunos investigadores y analistas ven el
método como categoría rectora y no los objetivos como se había
planteado hasta estos momentos.
Objetivo: Realizar un análisis de lo s componentes de la didáctica
en el contexto actual de la formación de los recursos humanos
de.
Métodos: Se realizó un análisis documental y la sistematización
de la obra de diferentes autores con la utilización de palabras clave
como gestión, enfermería, didáctica, proceso enseñanza -
apredizaje.
Resultados : Los componentes del proceso enseñanza -
aprendizaje han transformado sus condiciones a partir del propio
desarrollo de la humnanidad y las tranformaciones que se van
produciendo en el contexto educativo.
Conclusiones: No se trata de una nueva didáctica, sino de, asumir por parte de los claustros las transformaciones que se
despliega en el proceso enseñanza - aprendizaje, desaprender y
aprender el nuevo rol del profesor y el estudiante, en la utilización
de los métodos y medios de enseñanza en la impartición de los
contenidos que favorezca el aprendizaje desarrollador en los
estudiantes de enfermería.Introduction: At present, didactics as a science is discussed from
different positions: first, if it is a science; secondly, some
researchers and analysts see the method as a guiding category
and not the objectives as it had been proposed up to now.
Objective: To carry out an analysis of the components of didactics
in the current context of the training of nursing human resources.
Methods: A documental analysis and the systematization of the
work of different authors was carried out, with the use of keywords
such asgestión [management], nursing, didactics, teachinglearning
process.
Results: The com ponents of the teaching-learning process have
transformed their conditions from the very development of
humanity and the transformations that take place in the
educational context.
Conclusions: This is not a new didactics, but the faculty
assumption of the transformations widely used in the teachinglearning
process, to deconstruct and learn again the student's and
professor's new roles in using aids and methods for teaching the
contents, in order to promote a type of learning that develops the
nursing students' attitude
Study of the use of antibiotics in Medium and High Complexity Hospitals of Atlántico-Colombia between 2016 and 2017
No full textAntecedentes: El uso de los agentes antimicrobianos en la
terapéutica de las enfermedades infecciosas, ha constituido
un acontecimiento sin precedentes, este modificó favorablemente
el panorama de la morbilidad y mortalidad del adulto.
Desde hace unos años existe una gran preocupación por el
incremento de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, por el uso
excesivo de los mismos en la farmacoterapia.
Objetivo: Describir las características de consumo y los patrones
de prescripción de antibióticos(ATB) del grupo J01 en
los hospitales de mediana y alta complejidad del Departamento
del Atlántico en Colombia.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-longitudinal durante un año
de estudio (Junio 2016 a Junio 2017). Se evaluaron Diagnósticos,
Antibióticos prescritos, Calidad de la prescripción y
Duración del tratamiento asociados a la prescripción de antibióticos
del grupo J01. Se realizó un censo en cinco clínicas
del Departamento del Atlántico.
Resultados: Se realizó seguimiento a 8241 pacientes con
tratamiento antibiótico del grupo J01, durante el periodo de
doce (12) meses del estudio. Se identificaron 38 antibióticos
en 12465 prescripciones durante el año de estudio, con al
menos un antibiótico de uso sistémico. La cefredina fue el
antibiótico con mayor porcentaje de prescripciones realizadas,
seguido de las penicilinas. Solo 59,4% de las prescripciones
de antibióticos fueron evaluadas como prescripción
adecuada. La duración del tratamiento antibiótico, 61,2%
tuvo un periodo de uso del antibiótico entre 1 y 5 días, seguida
por el 24,9% que duro entre 6 y 10 días.
Conclusión: Los antibióticos más prescritos corresponden a
cefalosporinas de primera y tercera generación, seguido de
los inhibidores de penicilina+inhibidores de beta-lactamasas.Background: The use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment
of infectious diseases, has been an unprecedented
event, this favorably changed the panorama of adult morbidity
and mortality. For some years there has been a great concern
about the increase in resistance to antimicrobials, due to
the excessive use of them in pharmacotherapy.
Objective: To describe the characteristics of consumption
and prescription patterns of antibiotics (ATB) of group J01 in
medium and high complexity hospitals of the Department of
Atlántico in Colombia.
Methods: Descriptive-longitudinal study during one year of
study (June 2016 to June 2017). Diagnostics, prescribed antibiotics,
quality of the prescription and duration of treatment
associated with the prescription of antibiotics of group J01
were evaluated. A census was conducted in five clinics of the
Department of Atlántico.
Results: 8241 patients were followed up with antibiotic treatment
of group J01, during the twelve (12) month period of
the study. 38 antibiotics were identified in 12465 prescriptions
during the study year, with at least one antibiotic for systemic
use. Cefredine was the antibiotic with the highest percentage
of prescriptions performed, followed by penicillins. Only
59.4% of antibiotic prescriptions were evaluated as an adequate
prescription. The duration of antibiotic treatment,
61.2% had a period of antibiotic use between 1 and 5 days,
followed by 24.9% that lasted between 6 and 10 days.
Conclusion: The most prescribed antibiotics correspond to
first and third generation cephalosporins, followed by penicillin
inhibitors + beta-lactamase inhibitors
Governance and its relationship with competitiveness in a firm integrated into a supply chain
No full textSoportado en una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre
gobernanza y Logística, el artículo destaca tendencias
teóricas sobre la gerencia de una firma formuladas
para organizar la producción de manera interna o
externa, estimando reducir costos, tiempo y riesgos
del proceso de producción. Se destaca el debate sobre
“gobernanza-gobernabilidad”, “Cadena de
Suministro”, “Logística de distribución” y
“competitividad”. El artículo concluye sobre
estrategias que pueden diseñarse desde la
gobernanza de una firma que decide trabajar de
manera colaborativa con otras en una CDS.Supported in a bibliographic search on governance
and logistics, the article highlights theoretical trends
on the management of a firm formulated to organize
production internally or externally, estimating to
reduce costs, time and risks of the production
process. The debate on "governance-governability",
"Supply Chain", "Distribution logistics" and
"competitiveness" stands out. The article concludes
on strategies that can be designed from the
governance of a firm that decides to work
collaboratively with others in a CSD
Association between nitric oxide and hypotension in patients at chronic hemodialysis in Maracaibo University Hospita
No full textLa hipotensión es la manifestación clínica más
frecuente de inestabilidad hemodinámica durante
el procedimiento de hemodiálisis (HD).
El origen de este trastorno hemodinámico es multifactorial,
sin embargo recientemente se ha planteado que el
Óxido Nítrico (ON) juega un rol determinante, dado a que
se ha demostrado que los niveles séricos se incrementan
significativamente durante el proceso de HD, por ello el
objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la asociación
entre los niveles séricos de ON e hipotensión durante
HD crónica en pacientes de la Unidad de HD del Hospital
Universitario de Maracaibo. Para ello se realizó un estudio
no experimental, de campo, descriptivo y transversal, que
incluyó 10 individuos con antecedente de hipotensión en
HD y 10 paciente controles, a los cuales se les determinó
la concentración sérica de ON pre-diálisis, durante el episodio
hipotensivo intradiálisis al grupo caso, mientras que
la medición al grupo control se efectuó al minuto 107 de
dicho procedimiento. La media de edad de la población
estudiada fue 49,15±16,88 años. No se encontraron diferencias
entre las medias de PAS, PAD Y PAM prediálisis
de los grupos estudiados, más si existieron diferencias
intradiálisis. Asimismo se observaron diferencias significativas
entre la media de ON intradiálisis de controles y
casos (24,80±3,35 μM vs 31,89±4,06 μM respectivamente,
p=0,0445), mas no se encontraron diferencias en los
valores prediálisis (27,30±5,50 μM vs 29,70±9,44 μM,
respectivamente; p=0,496). Se concluyó que los individuos
hipotensos poseen niveles de ON significativamente
mayores durante un episodio hipotensivo, con respecto a
los controles.Hypotension is the most common clinical
manifestation of hemodynamic instability
during hemodialysis (HD) procedure. The
origin of this hemodynamic disorder is multifactorial, but
recently nitric oxide (NO) has been shown an important
role on its pathophysiology since increased ON seric
levels during HD have been demonstrated. Therefore the
aim of this research was to determinate the association
between seric levels of NO and hypotension during
chronic HD in patients of the HD Unit of the University
Hospital of Maracaibo. A non-experimental, descriptive
and cross-sectional study was developed, which included
10 individuals with a history of hypotension in HD
patients and 10 controls. Seric ON levels pre-dialysis were
determinated, likewise during intradialysis hypotensive
episode on the study group, and on the minute 107 of
HD for the control group. The mean age of the study
population was 49.15 ± 16.88 years. No differences were
found between means of SBP, DBP and MBP predialysis of
the study groups, but intradialysis differences were found.
Also significant differences were observed between ON
intradialysis means of cases and controls (24,80±3,35 μM
vs 31,89±4,06 μM respective, p=0,0445), but no differences
were found in the predialysis values (27,30±5,50
μM vs 29,70±9,44 μM, respective; p=0,496). It was concluded
that individuals with hypotension have significantly
higher ON levels during a hypotensive episode, compare
with controls subjects
Data Mining and Endocrine Diseases: A New Way to Classify?
No full textData mining consists of using large database analysis to detect patterns, relationships and
models in order to describe (or even predict) the appearance of a future event; to accomplish
this, it uses classification methods, rules of association, regression patterns, link and
cluster analyses. Recently this approach has been used to propose a new diabetes mellitus
classification, using information analysis techniques through which the selection bias
minimally influences categorization, this new focus that includes data mining previously
implemented to predict, identify biomarkers, complications, therapies, health policies, genetic
and environmental effects of this disease; it could be generalized in the field of
endocrinology, in the classification of other endocrine diseases
Procesamiento digital de imágenes médicas: aplicación a bases de datos sintéticas cardiacas usando la metodología CRISP-DM
No full textIn this work an adaptation of the Cross Industry
Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology,
in the context of digital medical image
processing is proposed. Specifically, synthetic images reported
in the literature are used as numerical phantoms.
Construction of the synthetic images was inspired by a detailed
analysis of some of the imperfections found in the
real multilayer cardiac computed tomography images. Of
all the imperfections considered, only Poisson noise was
selected and incorporated into a synthetic database. An
example is presented in which images contaminated with
Poisson noise are processed and then subject to two classical
digital smoothing techniques, identified as Gaussian
filter and anisotropic diffusion filter. Additionally, the peak
of the signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is considered as a metric
to analyze the performance of these filters
Insertion, integration and equity in the workplace: Post-conflict business scenario in Colombia
No full textLa firma del acuerdo de paz en Colombia ha generado un impacto en el país, reflejado en el ámbito
empresarial, por ser actor relevante. En este sentido, la presente investigación se orientó en analizar, si las
empresas colombianas están preparadas para insertar, integrar y brindar igualdad de condiciones laborales a
las poblaciones que fueron impactadas por el finalizado conflicto armado en Colombia. Metodológicamente,
es un estudio descriptivo, bajo un diseño no experimental, transversal, de campo, que utiliza la revisión
documental, la entrevista en profundidad y cuestionario como técnicas, de recolección de datos. El cuestionario
se aplicó a 87 empresarios de Mipymes, sustentado en estadísticas descriptivas. Como principales hallazgos,
se tiene que las empresas no están totalmente preparadas para el posconflicto, hay incertidumbre por parte de
directivos de empresas respecto al rol del Estado en la incorporación a la vida laboral activa de las víctimas
del conflicto, además de existir dudas en cuanto al impacto en el clima organizacional. Concluyendo, que
hay aprehensión en los empresarios para insertarlos como trabajadores, integrarlos y ofrecer equidad a las
personas en condición de desplazados o desmovilizados por el conflicto armado y sus consecuencias sociales,
y que además se han generado procesos de emprendimientos inclusivos.The signing of the peace agreement in Colombia has generated an impact in the country, reflected
in the business sector, as a relevant actor. In this sense, the present investigation was oriented to analyze
if Colombian companies are prepared to insert, integrate and provide equality of working conditions to
the populations that were impacted by the end of the armed conflict in Colombia. Methodologically, it is
a descriptive study, under a non-experimental, transversal, field design, which uses documentary review,
in-depth interview and questionnaire as techniques, data collection. The questionnaire was applied to 87
Mipyme entrepreneurs, based on descriptive statistics. The main findings are that the companies are not fully
prepared for the post-conflict, there is uncertainty on the part of company managers regarding the role of the
State in the incorporation into the active working life of the victims of the conflict, in addition to doubts as to
to the impact on the organizational climate. In conclusion, there is apprehension among employers to insert
them as workers, integrate them and offer equity to people who are displaced or demobilized by the armed
conflict and its social consequences, and who have also generated processes of inclusive entrepreneurship
Problem fiscal of regional finances in the district of Barranquilla during the term of 2015 to 2017
No full textEl presente artículo establece una visión especial de la problemática fiscal de las finanzas territoriales en el Distrito Barranquilla, durante la vigencia del año 2015 al 2017; ya que en la actualidad existen factores que limitan la autonomía administrativa y presupuestal de las entidades territoriales del país, como es el déficit económico actual como resultado de una política fiscal que cada día se torna más insostenible y qué es en gran parte debido al manejo indebido de las finanzas públicas territoriales, al no distribuir de forma correcta los recursos disponibles se genera una deuda con acreedores y entidades financieras. Uno de los factores que más incide es la falta de “Cultura Tributaria”, situación relevante que ha sido tomada como justificación a la promulgación de diversas y constantes reformas tributarias que han generado regulaciones aisladas en materia tributaria.This article establishes a special vision of the problematic tax of regional finances in the District of Barranquilla, during the term of 2015 to 2017, because at the present time there are factors that limit the administrative autonomy and budget of the territorial entities of the country, as is the deficit of current economic as a result of a fiscal policy that every day becomes more untenable, and what is in large part due to the improper management of public finances territorial, by not distributing properly the available resources generated a debt with creditors and financial institutions. One of the factors that most affects it is the lack of “Tax Culture”, situation relevant that has been taken as a justification for the enactment of diverse and constant tax reforms that have generated regulations isolated in tax matters
Evaluation of the financial management of the Metropolitan Transport Consortium of the Seville Area - Spain (2012-2015)
No full textEn este artículo de investigación se realiza la evaluación
de la situación económico-financiera del Consorcio de
Transporte Metropolitano del Área de Sevilla (CTS) en
España. Para tal fin se analizó la gestión financiera del
referido organismo mediante el análisis de las variables
de liquidez, solvencia y endeudamiento. La
investigación de tipo descriptivo con un enfoque
cuantitativo. Asimismo, se demuestra la difícil situación
económico-financiera del CTS y su repercusión sobre el
transporte público de viajeros del Área Metropolitana de
Sevilla.In this research article the evaluation of the economic
and financial situation of the Metropolitan Transport
Consortium of the Seville Area (CTS) in Spain is carried
out. For this purpose, the financial management of the
above-mentioned agency was analyzed by analyzing the
variables of liquidity, solvency and indebtedness.
Research of descriptive type with a quantitative
approach. It also demonstrates the difficult economic
and financial situation of the CTS and its impact on
public passenger transport in the Metropolitan Area of
Seville
Sigma Routing Metric for RPL Protocol
No full textThis paper presents the adaptation of a specific metric for the RPL protocol in the objective
function MRHOF. Among the functions standardized by IETF, we find OF0, which is based on
the minimum hop count, as well as MRHOF, which is based on the Expected Transmission Count
(ETX). However, when the network becomes denser or the number of nodes increases, both OF0
and MRHOF introduce long hops, which can generate a bottleneck that restricts the network.
The adaptation is proposed to optimize both OFs through a new routing metric. To solve the above
problem, the metrics of the minimum number of hops and the ETX are combined by designing a new
routing metric called SIGMA-ETX, in which the best route is calculated using the standard deviation
of ETX values between each node, as opposed to working with the ETX average along the route.
This method ensures a better routing performance in dense sensor networks. The simulations are
done through the Cooja simulator, based on the Contiki operating system. The simulations showed
that the proposed optimization outperforms at a high margin in both OF0 and MRHOF, in terms of
network latency, packet delivery ratio, lifetime, and power consumption