Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar
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Study of Medical Image Processing techniques applied to Lung Cancer
No full textLung cancer is the leading cause of death from
cancer worldwide. Medical images are essential in the diagnosis
and prognosis of lung cancer. Medical image processing
techniques such as Radiomics allow extracting information from
these images that it is not accessible without computational
means, and may be useful in the detection and treatment of
cancer. This article presents the state of the art of image
processing techniques applied in the study of lung cancer,
emphasizing in two main tasks: segmentation of nodules or
tumors, and extraction of useful features for classification and
prognosis of tumor evolution using Radiomics
Some Commercial Customs in the Footwear Industry of the Municipality of San José de Cúcuta (Colombia)
No full textEl objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las prácticas de los comerciantes
de la industria del calzado del municipio de San José de Cúcuta que puedan
ser elevadas a la categoría de costumbres mercantiles conforme al artículo 3.º del
Decreto 410 de 1971. Se trató de una investigación de tipo descriptivo y sociojurídico
enmarcada en el paradigma histórico-hermenéutico y el enfoque cualitativo,
en la que participaron 280 comerciantes/fabricantes de calzado. Se utilizaron como
instrumentos una entrevista estructurada y un cuestionario en dos etapas diferentes.
Los resultados permitieron identificar seis prácticas que cumplen con los requisitos
de publicidad, uniformidad, reiteración y convicción de obligatoriedad.The purpose of this research was to study the practices of the footwear industry
merchants of the municipality of San José de Cúcuta and that can be elevated
to the category of mercantile usages according to article 3 of Decree 410 of 1971. It
was an a descriptive and socio-juridical research framed in the historical-hermeneutic
paradigm and the qualitative approach where 280 merchants / shoe manufacturers
participated. A structured interview and a questionnaire in two different stages were
used as a research tools. The results allowed us to identifying six practices that meet
the requirements of publicity, uniformity, reiteration and conviction of obligation
Sociodemographic characterization of women victims of the armed conflict who attend a non-profit foundation in the municipality of San Juan de Nepomuceno, Bolívar-Colombia
No full textObjetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los
datos sociodemográficos de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto
armado que asisten a una fundación sin ánimo de lucro en
el municipio de San Juan de Nepomuceno, Bolívar-Colombia.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo - transversal con
enfoque cuantitativo en una población conformada por 800
mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado en el municipio de
San Juan de Nepomuceno, Bolívar; perteneciente a la subregión
de los Montes de María. Se empleó un cuestionario
diseñado por los investigadores y avalado por expertos de
contenido. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa estadístico
Spss v23.
Resultados: La edad promedio de las mujeres objeto de estudio
fue de 40,88 años (DE ± 10,61 años), con un mínimo
de edad de 19 años y un máximo de 77 años. Respecto a la
etnia de la población el 84,2% no pertenecía a ninguna. De
acuerdo al estado civil, el 66,9% manifestó estar en unión
libre. El 30,8% de las mujeres expresaron tener una primaria
incompleta como el mayor nivel de escolaridad, además el
95% de la población expresó tener hijos; de las cuales el
31,2% tenían un promedio de dos. En cuanto al tipo de hecho
violento del cual fue víctima, el de mayor predominio fue
desplazamiento (91,1%)
Conclusiones: La violencia en Colombia, y actos violentos
como el desplazamiento forzado, son hechos impactantes
que repercuten a nivel social y a la salud de las mujeres víctimas
del conflicto armado. Además, vulneran los derechos de
las mismas, tales como a la educación; debido a los diferentes
roles que deben asumir para afrontar la situación.Objective: This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic
data of women victims of the armed conflict who attend
a non-profit foundation in the municipality of San Juan
de Nepomuceno, Bolívar-Colombia.
Materials and methods: Descriptive-transversal study with a
quantitative approach in a population formed by 800 women
victims of the armed conflict in the municipality of San Juan
de Nepomuceno, Bolívar; belonging to the sub-region of the
Montes de Maria. A questionnaire designed by the researcher
and endorsed by content experts was used. The data were
analyzed in the statistical program Spss v23.
Results: The average age of the women under study was
40.88 years (SD ± 10.61 years), a range of 58 years, with
a minimum age of 19 years and a maximum of 77 years.
Regarding the ethnic group of the population, 84.2% did not
belong to any. According to the civil status, 66.9% said they
were in a free union. 30.8% of the women expressed having
an incomplete primary as the highest level of schooling, in
addition 95% of the population expressed having children; of
which 31.2% had an average of two. As for the type of violent
act of which he was a victim, the one with the highest prevalence
was displacement (91.1%)
Conclusions: Violence in Colombia, and violent acts such as
forced displacement, are shocking events that impact socially
and the health of women victims of the armed conflict. In addition,
they violate their rights, such as education; due to the
different roles they must assume to face the situation
Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplements with Sucromalt and Isomaltulose versus Standard Formula on Glycaemic Index, Entero-Insular Axis Peptides and Subjective Appetite in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Cross-Over Study
No full textOral diabetes-specific nutritional supplements (ONS-D) induce favourable postprandial responses in subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM2), but they have not been correlated yet with incretin release and subjective appetite (SA). This randomised, double-blind, cross-over study compared postprandial effects of ONS-D with isomaltulose and sucromalt versus standard formula (ET) on glycaemic index (GI), insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and SA in 16 individuals with DM2. After overnight fasting, subjects consumed a portion of supplements containing 25 g of carbohydrates or reference food. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min; and SA sensations were assessed by a visual analogue scale on separate days. Glycaemic index values were low for ONS-D and intermediate for ET (p < 0.001). The insulin area under the curve (AUC0–180 min) (p < 0.02) and GIP AUC (p < 0.02) were lower after ONS-D and higher GLP-1 AUC when compared with ET (p < 0.05). Subjective appetite AUC was greater after ET than ONS-D (p < 0.05). Interactions between hormones, hunger, fullness and GI were found, but not within the ratings of SA; isomaltulose and sucromalt may have influenced these factors
Genetic variation underpinning ADHD risk in a caribbean community
No full textAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable and prevalent
neurodevelopmental disorder that frequently persists into adulthood. Strong evidence from genetic
studies indicates that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harboured in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3),
SNAP25, FGF1, DRD4, and SLC6A2 genes are associated with ADHD. We genotyped 26 SNPs
harboured in genes previously reported to be associated with ADHD and evaluated their potential
association in 386 individuals belonging to 113 nuclear families from a Caribbean community in
Barranquilla, Colombia, using family-based association tests. SNPs rs362990-SNAP25 (T allele;
p = 2.46 10x-4), rs2282794-FGF1 (A allele; p = 1.33 10x-2), rs2122642-ADGRL3 (C allele, p = 3.5
10x-2), and ADGRL3 haplotype CCC (markers rs1565902-rs10001410-rs2122642, OR = 1.74, Ppermuted =
0.021) were significantly associated with ADHD. Our results confirm the susceptibility to ADHD
conferred by SNAP25, FGF1, and ADGRL3 variants in a community with a significant African
American component, and provide evidence supporting the existence of specific patterns of genetic
stratification underpinning the susceptibility to ADHD. Knowledge of population genetics is crucial
to define risk and predict susceptibility to disease
An Integral, Risk and Energy Approach in Management Systems. Analysis of ISO 50001: 2018
No full textBusiness progress and human development are linked to the effective management and saving of energy resources. The ISO 50000 family of standards provides practices for the utilization, savings, efficiency and continuous improvement in energy performance, while the ISO 50001 establishes the requirements for an energy management system (EnMS). This document presents i) the main topics of the ISO 50001:2018 and other areas not included in its review; ii) the need for organizations to have a comprehensive model with a risk focus for the rational implementation of management systems that fulfil the practices of energy efficiency, in conjunction with quality, safety, health at work and environmental management, among others; iii) the proposed focus for the conceptual model and the implementation route of a comprehensive management system, "QHSE3+" (Q = quality management (ISO 9001: 2015), HS = health and safety at work (ISO 45001: 2018), E = environmental management (ISO 14001: 2015), E2 = energy efficiency (ISO 50001: 2011) and + = other components of risk), which contributes to the sustainable success of organizations by reducing the vulnerabilities and risks associated with the categories in the acronym QHSE3+.
Modelo para la gestión del talento humano en las pymes del sector servicios de Barranquilla, Colombia
No full textLa gestión del talento humano permite que las organizaciones mejoren el desempeño
de los empleados; en este sentido, es primordial que esta desarrolle estrategias, herramientas y
elementos concernientes a esta temática que permitirán una efectiva competitividad en la globalización
que se demarca. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las necesidades de
gestión del talento humano que presentan las pymes del sector de servicios, vinculadas a la Asociación
Colombiana de Pequeños y Medianos Empresarios (ACOPI) en Barranquilla, Colombia, para
así diseñar un modelo de gestión del talento humano (GTH) que contribuya al mejoramiento de los
procesos internos de la organización y permita alcanzar los logros estipulados. La investigación se
trabajó mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, con un método de tipo descriptivo correlacional y con
una población de treinta empresas. Los resultados permitieron identificar y describir las características
y necesidades de las pymes de este sector en relación con la GTH, permitiendo una nueva mirada
encaminada a mejorar el desempeño laboral y la competitividad. Con lo anterior, se concluye que es
pertinente implementar un modelo de GTH encaminado a la gestión de la organización del desarrollo
y la valoración, fortaleciendo de esta forma los procesos internos de la organización
Una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre los costos del tratamiento para pacientes con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio
No full textObjective: To analyze the costs treatment for patients
with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) over the period
from 2000 to 2016.
Materials and methods: Systematic review of the literature
on the costs of treatment for patients with Acute
Myocardial Infarction in the period 2000-2016. We selected
30 scientific articles from the database Scielo, Medline,
Redalyc, Springer Medizin and Lilacs, which met the
inclusion criteria: articles published in Spanish, Portuguese
or English from 2000 to 2016. To restrict the search of
articles, we use the health descriptors: costs, myocardial
infarction and cardiovascular, combining them with the
Boolean operators ‘’AND’’, ‘’OR’’ and ‘’NOT’’. Of which, a
sample of 11 articles was selected.
Results: It was evidenced that a high percentage (63.6%)
came from the Scielo database. According to the country
of origin of the articles, it was identified that the highest
percentage (36.4%) came from Colombia. Concerning
the direct and indirect costs of patients with Acute Myocardial
Infarction (AMI) from an international perspective,
the total estimated cost for Acute Coronary Syndrome
(ACS) in 2011, including direct and indirect costs, is 8,786.9. Ambulatory management
costs represent 54%.
Conclusion: The costs of people with Acute Myocardial
Infarction in both ambits, the international and national
(Colombia) are significantly attributable by surgical interventions,
treatment, hospital stay and post-diagnostic
outpatient management
Depression as a Neuroendocrine Disorder: Emerging Neuropsychopharmacological Approaches beyond Monoamines
No full textDepression is currently recognized as a crucial problem in everyday clinical practice, in light of ever-increasing rates of prevalence, as well as disability, morbidity, and mortality related to this disorder. Currently available antidepressant drugs are notoriously problematic, with suboptimal remission rates and troubling side-effect profiles. Their mechanisms of action focus on the monoamine hypothesis for depression, which centers on the disruption of serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. Nevertheless, views on the pathophysiology of depression have evolved notably, and the comprehension of depression as a complex neuroendocrine disorder with important systemic implications has sparked interest in a myriad of novel neuropsychopharmacological approaches. Innovative pharmacological targets beyond monoamines include glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, various endocrine axes, as well as several neurosteroids, neuropeptides, opioids, endocannabinoids and endovanilloids. This review summarizes current knowledge on these pharmacological targets and their potential utility in the clinical management of depression
Acute effects of resistance training on postprandial lipemia in overweight postmenopausal women
No full textIntroducción. La magnitud de la lipemia postprandial es un indicador
de riesgo cardiovascular, en especial en mujeres con actividad hormonal
reducida. Los ejercicios resistidos (ER) podrían ser un factor que
influencie las concentraciones de lípidos después de consumir alimentos.
Objetivo. Determinar los efectos agudos sobre la lipemia postprandial
de mujeres postmenopáusicas que tiene la realización de sesiones
de ER de alto y bajo volumen, en comparación a un grupo control.
Materiales y métodos. Después de una evaluación inicial (antropometría,
perfil lipídico y fitness muscular), 32 mujeres fueron divididas
aleatoriamente en tres grupos: uno con ER de alto volumen (n=11), otro
con ER de bajo volumen (n=11) y un grupo control sin ER (n=10). 12
horas después de los ejercicios se suministró un compuesto nutricional
hiperlipídico y se analizó la lipemia postprandial cada hora durante 5 horas.
Resultados. Los diferentes volúmenes de ER no redujeron de manera
importante los marcadores lipémicos (colesterol total, triglicéridos, LDL
y VLDL) (p>0.05) ni aumentaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de
HDL (p>0.05).
Conclusiones. Las sesiones de ER no afectaron los marcadores
lipémicos postprandiales, aunque sí mostraron resultados clínicos
relevantes en los grupos experimentales (reducción de LDL-VLDL
y aumento de HDL en momentos específicos).Introduction: The magnitude of postprandial lipemia is an indicator
of cardiovascular risk, especially in women with reduced hormonal
activity. Resistance training (RT) may be a factor influencing lipid
concentrations after eating.
Objective: To determine the acute effects of high and low volume RT
sessions on postprandial lipemia in postmenopausal women compared
to a control group.
Materials and methods: After an initial assessment (anthropometry,
lipid profile and muscle fitness), 32 women were randomly divided
into three groups: one with high volume of RT (n=11), another with
low volume of RT (n=11) and a control group without RT (n=10). 12
hours after the completion of the training, a hyperlipidic nutritional
compound was administered and postprandial lipemia was analyzed
every hour for 5 hours.
Results: The different RT volumes did not significantly reduce
lipemic markers (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL)
(p>0.05) nor did they increase plasma HDL concentrations (p>0.05).
Conclusions: RT sessions did not affect postprandial lipemic
markers, although they did show relevant clinical results in the
experimental groups (reduction of LDL-VLDL and increase of HDL at
specific times)