Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar
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Teenagers mothers knowledge, attitude and practice of sexual and reproductive health in the border of Norte de Santander Department
No full textEn el presente estudio se desea establecer la posible relación
entre la tipología familiar y el conocimiento, práctica
y actitud de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las madres
adolescentes en la frontera del departamento Norte de Santander.
Para ello, desarrollo del estudio se seleccionó un enfoque
de investigación cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental
de alcance descriptivo y corte transversal. Se aplicó
un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por afijación proporcional
en los 40 municipios de Norte de Santander de Colombia. Se
realizó una encuesta a una muestra de 406 personas entre
10 y 19 años. Los hallazgos revelaron que existe relación
significativa entre la tipología familiar y las causas y las circunstancias
asociadas al embarazo. No obstante se identifica
que la dinámica en la relación de pareja es un factor a
tener en cuenta en su decisión a formalizarla bajo el vínculo
del matrimonio o unión marital de hecho; un grupo significativo
de ellas prefieren seguir solteras y continuar en casa
de su familia de origen, generándose una nueva condición
denominada madre-solterismo, lo cual no solo desencadena
cambios en la estructura familiar, sino también modifica la
familia de origen de la madre adolescente.The aim of this research is to explain the possible relationship
between family typology and knowledge, adolescent mothers
´ practice and towards sexual and reproductive health
in the North of Santander Department of Colombia, border
with Venezuela. The present study has been developed with
a quantitative research approach with a non-experimental
descriptive design. In this order, a random stratified sample
was applied in 40 municipalities of North of Santander, on the
other hand a survey to 406 individuals between 10 and 19
years old was also performed. The results revealed that there
is a significant relationship between family typology and the
causes and circumstances associated with teen pregnancy.
However, it has been identified dynamics in relationships as a
factor to consider in decisions to formalize a marital union under
marriage. There is meaningful number of them who prefer
to remain single, living with their origin family nucleus, generating
a new-singles mother condition which not only triggers,
but also changes family structure and modifies teen mother´s
origin family
Incidence of organizational climate on labor productivity in institutions providing health services (IPS): a correlational study
No full textObjetivos: Determinar la incidencia del clima organizacional
en la productividad laboral a partir de investigaciones
en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud (IPS)
para generar estrategias de mejora continua.
Métodos: Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utilizó un
tipo de estudio correlacional. Los estudios de investigación
de tipo correlacional, tiene como finalidad conocer la
relación o grado de asociación que exista entre dos o más
conceptos, categorías o variables en un contexto particular,
para el que se seleccionaron dos casos. De igual forma,
se establece un diseño de investigación no experimental
de tipo transversal
Resultados: El proceso de investigaciones en el área de
la salud, de un estudio correlacional entre los factores de
clima organizacional (ambiente físico y social, estructura
organizacional y personal) con los de productividad laboral
(eficiencia del recurso humano, efectividad y eficacia).
Conclusión: De manera general el presente artículo servirá
de apoyo para identificar la suma importancia que
tiene el clima organizacional y sus elementos, para lograr
la máxima productividad laboral, del cual se verá reflejado
en los resultados y en el cumplimiento del objetivo, más
aún se podrá tomar como base para identificar y vislumbrar
los elementos que intervienen en la productividad de
las personas dentro de una organización
Information and communication technologies as a factor of innovation and business competitiveness
No full textEn la gestión empresarial las tecnologías de la información y comunicación son una excelente herramienta que genera un valor agregado a las actividades operacionales. De igual forma, la innovación es un conjunto de procesos que buscan la optimización o creación de nuevos productos o servicios. En el siguiente artículo de revisión se realizó un estudio documental bajo un enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo sobre el efecto que genera las tecnologías de la información y comunicación y la innovación en la competitividad empresarial. Se mencionan algunos casos de éxito que llevó a diferentes empresas a posicionarse a nivel nacional e internacional y por medio de una triangulación se identificaron los factores que deben tener en cuenta las empresas que incorporen estrategias de innovación utilizando las tecnologías de la información y comunicación para alcanzar éxito en la competitividad empresarial
Data envelopment analysis and multivariate calculus to assess, classify and predict the productive efficiency and innovation of companies in the chemical sector
No full textSe desarrolló un método que permitió establecer criterios de valoración, clasificación y predicción para evaluar
la eficiencia productiva y de innovación de las empresas del sector químico de Barranquilla. Se recolectó
información asociada a variables de clima laboral, gestión de la información, gestión del conocimiento, gestión
de la productividad y la innovación. Seguidamente se validó los resultados con el análisis discriminante y se
modelaron procesos de pronóstico y predicción de la eficiencia de las empresas del sector con las redes
neuronales artificiales. Los resultados muestran que la eficiencia promedio en el sector es del 52,9%, con 6
empresas clasificadas como eficientes. Con las técnicas de análisis discriminante multivariado, se pudo
determinar la calidad de clasificación lográndose un 92,6 % de clasificación correcta. Así mismo el modelo de
redes neuronales seleccionado generó una precisión de clasificación de 98,82%, 95,78% y 94,28% para las
muestras de entrenamiento, prueba y reserva, lo que evidencia la relevancia del modelo de clasificación. Se
concluye que las variables analizadas son significativas para discriminar la eficiencia productiva y de
innovación.A method to establish assessment, classification and prediction criteria to evaluate the productive efficiency
and innovation of the companies in the chemical sector of Barranquilla was developed. Concepts of data
envelopment analysis, discriminant analysis and artificial neural networks were used. Information associated
with variables of labor climate, information management, knowledge management, productivity management
and innovation, were collected. The results were then validated with the discriminant analysis and forecasting
processes and prediction of the efficiency of the companies in the sector with artificial neural networks were
modeled. The results show that the average efficiency in the sector is 52.9%, with 6 companies classified as
efficient ones. With the multivariate discriminant analysis techniques, the classification quality could be
determined, achieving a 92.6% correct classification. Likewise, the selected neural network model generated
a classification accuracy of 98.82%, 95.78% and 94.28% for the training, test and reserve samples, which
shows the relevance of the classification model. It is concluded that the analyzed variables are significant to
discriminate productive efficiency and innovation
Emigraciones forzadas de colombianos en el periodo 2014-2018: Efectos en el entorno socioeconómico nacional
No full textLos fenómenos migratorios afectan millones de personas en el mundo, de acuerdo con información de las Naciones Unidas. En 2017 la cifra de migrantes alcanzó los 258 millones de personas, frente a 173 millones del año 2000, lo cual representa un incremento aproximado del 32%. Colombia no es un país ajeno a esta situación, la desigualdad, los bajos ingresos y la violencia generan que una parte de la población se desplace en busca de un entorno que garantice mejores condiciones de vida, ese desplazamiento tiene efectos socio-económicos en el país. Por ello es importante conocer las causas y efectos que conlleva la emigración en Colombia. El objetivo central de esta investigación consiste en describir el fenómeno de la emigración forzada de colombianos durante el periodo 2014-2018 y sus posibles efectos en el entorno socioeconómico del país. Esta investigación se fundamenta en una revisión bibliográfica y análisis cualitativo de fuentes secundarias y terciarias, relacionadas con los procesos migratorios de colombianos hacia el exterior, durante el periodo 2014-2018, el estudio es de tipo descriptivo de corte longitudinal. Como principales fuentes de consulta se utilizaron datos estadísticos procedentes de diferentes organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, así como artículos científicos consultados en bases de datos reconocidas. Dentro de los principales hallazgos, se observa que en Colombia la violencia no es el único determinante para las migraciones forzadas, sino que también inciden otros factores como, la búsqueda de mejores condiciones de vida o la persecución por ideales políticos ha tenido una gran influencia en este fenómeno. Por último, se evidencia que los diferentes estados han tomado medidas para mitigar la migración forzada a nivel global, a través de la intervención de organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, los mecanismos que se han implementado no han sido efectivos, pues este fenómeno sigue creciendo cada día, según evidencian los indicadores de migración y desplazamiento forzado, esto puede dar indicios que los organismos estatales y multilaterales están abordando el problema de forma equivocada.Migrant phenomena affect millions of people around the world, according to information from the United Nations. In 2017 the number of migrants reached 258 million people, compared to 173 million in 2000, representing an increase of about 32%, Colombia is not a country outside this, inequality, low incomes and violence generate that a share of the population moves in search of an environment that guarantees better living conditions, such displacement has socio-economic effects in the country. That is why it is important to know the causes and effects of emigration in Colombia. The main objective of this research is to describe the phenomenon of forced emigration of Colombians during the 2014-2018 period and its possible effects on the socio-economic environment of the country. This research is based on a bibliographic review and qualitative analysis of secondary and tertiary sources, related to the migratory processes of Colombians abroad, during the period 2014-2018, the study is of descriptive type of longitudinal section. As main sources of consultation, statistical data from different governmental and non-governmental organizations were used, as well as scientific articles consulted in recognized databases. Among the main findings, it is observed that in Colombia violence is not the only determinant for forced migration, but also other factors such as the search for better living conditions or the persecution for political ideals have had a great influence on this phenomenon. Finally, it is evident that different states have taken measures to mitigate forced migration at the global level, through the intervention of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the mechanisms that have been implemented have not been effective, as this phenomenon continues to grow every day, as evidenced by the indicators of migration and forced displacement, this may give indications that state and multilateral agencies are addressing the problem in the wrong way
Renal lithiasis detection in uro-computed tomography using a non-parametric technique
No full textRenal lithiasis is the pathology that causes nephritic colic, which is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in emergency medical services. According to the size, location, hardness and number of stones present in the urinary system, usually in the human kidney, it is established to which form of treatment is suitable for the patient. These kidney stones can be analyzed by means of biopsy or imaging modalities such as computed tomography images. This type of images has challenging problems called noise, artifacts and low contrast. In this paper, in order to address these problems, a non-parametric semi-automatic computational technique is developed for detecting kidney stones, present in computed tomography images, using digital image processing techniques based on a smoothing filter and an edge detector. Finally, the size and position of the stones present in the images are calculated and a precision metric is considered to compare the manual segmentation, performed by an urologist, and the one generated by the NPCT, obtaining an excellent correlation. This technique can be useful in the renal lithiasis detection and if it is considering this kind of computational strategy, medical specialists can establish the clinic or surgical actions oriented to address this pathology
Space-occupying lesions identification in mammary glands using a mixed computational strategy
No full textAbstract. The mammary pathology can manifest itself in multiple ways and originates spaceoccupying
lesions. The breast cancer is a space-occupying lesion, which is highly prevalent,
especially in women, and worldwide it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
in this population. The main image modality for breast cancer detection is the magnetic
resonance but this kind of image modality introduces several imperfections that affect the
image quality. Some of these imperfections or problems are: inhomogeneity in the anatomical
structures, riccian noise and artifacts. These problems make the analysis of the image
information a real challenge. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a
computational technique able to extract a space-occupying lesion linked to breast cancer,
present in magnetic resonance images. For this, the original image is processed with statisticalarithmetic
filters and segmentation algorithms based on thresholding and multi-seed region
growing techniques. The results, based on Dice score, show that the proposed technique is
suitable for segmenting the breast cancer due high correlation between semi-automatic and
manual segmentations. This technique can be useful in the detection, characterization and
monitoring of this type of cancer and it can let to medical doctors to realize their work more
efficiently
Left atrial appendage automatic segmentation, in computed tomography images
No full textThe left atrial appendage is one of the anatomical places where most frequently
blood thrombi occur. When migrating from the appendage, these thrombi, become blood
emboli that, potentially, can compromise the physiology and/or anatomy of cardiac or cerebral
blood vessels, being able to generate cerebrovascular events. The left atrial appendage
segmentation is very difficult due, mainly, to its location and the identical densitometric
information presents into of this appendage and around of the left atrium. In this paper, an
automatic technique is proposed to segment this appendage with the purpose of generating
important information to the procedure called left atrial appendage surgical closure. This
information is linked to the volume and the diameters of the left atrial appendage. The
technique consists of a digital pre-processing stage, based on filtering processes and definition
of a region of interest and, of one segmentation stage that considers a clustering method. The
results are promising and they allow us to calculate useful quantitative variables when
characterizing the most lethal appendix of the human body represented by the mentioned
appendage. These results are very important in clinical processes where both the shape and
volume of this appendage are vital for detecting and monitoring some vascular diseases such as
cardiac embolism, arterial hypertension and stroke, among others
Usefulness of cutting planes in the hierarchical segmentation of cardiac anatomical structures
No full textA spatial geometric plane is defined by the three-dimensional coordinates of a pair of
spatial points and the direction that the normal vector establishes, which is formed by joining
those points by means of an oriented line segment. This type of planes, in three-dimensional
images, is extremely useful as an alternative solution to the problem of low contrast that exhibit
the anatomical structures present in cardiac computed tomography images. To do this, after using
a predetermined filter bank and in order to define a region of interest, a smart operator based on
least squares support vector machines is trained and validated in order to detect the
aforementioned coordinates which enables the location of the plane, in the three-dimensional
space that contains the considered images. Once the structure that is required to segment is
identified, a discriminant function is used that cancels all information not linked to this structure.
In this work, the segmentation of the left ventricle, based on region growing technique, is firstly
considered and then the left atrium is segmented considering region growing technique and an
inverse discriminant function. The results show an excellent correspondence relationship when
the spatial union of both structures is made
High-Pressure fractionation of tropical fruits with potential antibacterial activity: M. indica L. and B. Guineensis
No full textThe great interest in the potential health benefits of tropical fruits is due to their high content of antioxidants
and phytochemicals. Colombia ranks as the second country with the major biodiversity worldwide. B.
guineensis (Arecaceae) is a palm that grows in Colombia and Central America. The purple-black fruits of this
plant are rich in thermal-stable anthocyanins. M. indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is a great source of phenolic
compounds. It has multiple functional properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and
anticarcinogenic activities. In this work, high-pressure extraction techniques: supercritical fluid extraction
(SFE) and enhanced solvent extraction (ESE), and two different fractionation techniques: i) cascade
fractionation and ii) sequential fractionation were applied. Fractions were analyzed by means of their phenolic
content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains: E. coli, P. mirabilis, S.
Aurerus, S. enteritidis, E. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa. The sequential fractionation of B. guineensis pulp
consisted in three steps: 1) supercritical CO2, 2) CO2 + 50% ethanol, and 3) CO2/EtOH/H2O (50:25:25). A red
fraction rich in phenolic compounds, high antioxidant and antibacterial capacity (inhibition zone ~ 10 mm) was
obtained in the last step. A cascade fractionation of M. indica leaves using CO2 + 50% H2O and three
separators (S1, S2 and S3) was evaluated. Fractions obtained in S1 and S2 presented antioxidant capacity
and antibacterial activity against P. mirabilis, and S2 also against S. Aureus and Salmonella